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College  of  logicians  anb  burgeons 
Hibrarp 


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COPYRIGHT  APPLIED  FOR,  1919 
By 

VICTOR  E.  EMMEL. 


The 


B  N  A 


ARRANGED  AS  AM  OUTLINE  OF  REGIONAL 


AND  SYSTEMATIC  ANATOMY 


by 

VICTOR  E.  EMMEL,  M.S.,  PH.D. 
Associate  Professor  of  Anatomy 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 


I. 
::"»  preface-":-"— 

The  Basle  Anatomical  Nomenclature  (the  B  N  A)  has  been  preeminently 
successful  in  the  simplification  of  anatomical  terminology.  Out  of  a  total 
of  50,000  anatomical  terms  about  45,000  have  been  eliminated  as  unecessary 
synonyms.  As  a  consequence,  anatomical  terminology  as  represented  by  the 
B  N  A  now  consists  of  a  list  of  some  5,000  simple,  unambiguous  terms  for  the 
mae  sroscopic  structures  of  the  human  bcdy. 

This  list  of  terms,  intended  for  ccmraon  use  in  the  medical  schools,  is 
arranged  on  the  basis  of  systematic  anatomy.  Doubtless,  such  an  arrangement 
■mas  best  adapted  for  the  purpose  of  bringing  about  this  revision  of  terminology. 
On  the  other  hand,  it  appears  obvious  that  from  the  standpoint  of  practical 
anatomy,  a  regional  arrangement  of  these  terms  in  conjunction  with  their 
systematic  tabulation  would  greatly  extend  the  usefulness  of  ths  BNA,  In 
dissecting  laboratories  and  surgical  clinics,  the  structures  represented  by 
the  BNA  terms  are  encountered  in  the  various  regions  of  the  body,  not  as 
anatomical  systems,  but  as  segments  of  these  systems  grouped  together  in 
certain  definite  regional  relationships.  In  attempting  to  correlate  systematic 
text  and  cadaver,  the  one  proves  almost  as  difficult  to  dissect  as  the  other. 

It  appears  important,  therefore,  that  the  present  systematic  BNA  should 
be  expanded  to  include  a  correlated  regional  arrangement  of  anatomical  terms;  - 
an  arrangement  based  upon  the  sequence  in  v?hich  the  structures  indicated  by 
these  terms  may  be  exposed  and  demonstrated  to  the  naked  eye  in  actual  dissec- 
tion. The  present  work  represents  such  an  attempt  and  is  the  outgrowth  of 
several  years  of  laboratory  experience  in  which  a  regional  arrangement  of 
BNA  terms  in  mine o graph  copies  has  been  given  a  thorough  trial  and  its  useful- 
ness clearly  demonstrated. 

The  present  work  is  presented  in  two  parts  dealing  with  the  BNA  terms 


II. 

as  arranged,  first,  on  the  basis  of  regional  anatomy,  and,  second,  on  the  basis 
of  systematic  anatomy,  with  numeral  indices  facilitating  cross  references  from 
the  one  to  the  other.  The  regional  arrangement  is  given  precedence  since  it 
is  in  their  regional  relations  that  anatomical  structures  are  first  encountered 
in  practical  study.  The  work  also  includes  a  complete  series  of  figures  for 
the  surface  anatomy,  surface  projection  of  the  skeleton  and  lines  of  skin 
incision  for  the  various  regions  of  the  body  (omitted  in  the  present  copy). 

Part  I  constitutes  a  regional  resume  of  anatomical  structures.  A  tabula- 
tion for  any  given  region  necessarily  involves  only  those  structures  or  segments 
of  structures  which  are  embraced  within  the  confines  of  that  region.  Structures 
such  as  the  larger  nerves  or  vessels  extending  through  two  or  more  regions 
would  be  relisted  for  each  region  in  which  they  occur.  In  general  the  terms 
have  been  arranged  with  a  view  tc  greatest  utility  for  student  and  clinical 
reference  in  practical  work.  In  presenting  the  subject  of  human  anatomy  it  is 
frequently  difficult  to  steer  a  course  between  the  Scylla  of  too  great  detail 
and  the  Charybdis  of  a  paucity  of  subject  matter,  but  in  any  event  the  present 
tabulation  may  serve  as  a  basis  from  which  deviation  may  be  made  in  either 
direction  as  the  requirements  of  the  special  case  cay  dictate.  In  a  few 
instances,  in  the  interest  of  the  student  but  subject  to  possible  criticism  on 
pedagogical  grounds,  the  terms  for  structures  such  as  some  of  the  smaller  rami 
of  blood  vessels  or  nerve  plexuses  which  may  be  relatively  of  secondary 
importance  or  especially  difficult  to  demonstrate,  are  printed  in  smaller  type 
(indicated  by  affixed  double  asterisks  in  the  present  mimeograph  copy).  With 
the  exception  of  such  osteological  elements  as  are  encountered  in  surface 
anatomy,  terms  relative  to  skeletal  structures  have  been  largely  omitted  in 
Part  I.  In  this  connection,  the  figures  showing  the  surface  projection  of  the 
skeleton  should  prove  of  value  for  purposes  of  general  reference  and  orienta- 
tion (omitted  in  the  present  copy). 


J-J--L  • 


Concise  statements  are  given  for  the  more  important  incisions  and  dissec- 
tions involved  in  the  demonstration  of  the  structures  as  listed  for  each  region, 
The  order  in  which  these  regions  and  their  component  structures  are  dealt  with 
is  based  primarily  upon  the  sequence  of  dissection  developed  in  Cunnir.ghaaa  s 
Manual  of  Practical  Anatomy,  which  nay  be  regarded  as  representing  a  method  of 
procedure  prevalent  in  the  majority  of  American  and  English  anatomical 
laboratories.  From  the  standpoint  of  systematic  anatomy,  it  may  not  be  a 
matter  of  such  great  importance  as  to  what  sequence  may  be  followed  in  dissec- 
tion so  long  as  the  structures  in  question  are  really  exposed  and  observed. 
From  the  standpoint  of  regional  anatomy,  however,  the  subject  presents  quite  a 
different  aspect.  In  the  latter  case,  the  structures  should  be  exposed  in  a 
sequence  most  favorable  for  the  observation  of  those  structural  relationships 
which  are  of  greatest  practical  significance.  Toward  this  end,  therefore,  the 
methods  of  dissection  in  general  should  represent  the  culmination  of  the  best 
available  anatomical  and  surgical  experience  and  this  finds  perhaps  its  best 
expression  at  the  present  time  in  the  work  of  the  British  and  more  especially 
of  the  Edinburgh  school  of  anatomists.  Barkers'  Laboratory  Manual  of  Human 
Anatomy,  1904,  which  in  method  is  in  close  agreement  with  that  of  the  Edinburgh 
School,  has  also  been  a  source  of  valuable  suggestions,  especially  in  the  case 
of  the  brain  and  sense  organs. 

Part  II  constitutes  a  systematic  resume'  of  anatomical  structures  and,  with 
the  exception  of  certain  minor  changes,  is  based  upon  the  systematic  arrangement 
of  the  B  N  A  terms  as  originally  published  by  His,  1895.  This  arrangement,  as 
emphasized  by  Dr.  F.  T,  Lewis,  Stohr's  Textbook  of  Histology,  6th  edition,  p.vi, 
is  such  as  to  furnish  "an  excellent  means  by  which  students  nay  review  anatomy" » 

In  Part  I  seme  of  the  terms  are  in  Latin,  while  others  are  anglicized. 
In  a  few  instances  it  has  been  necessary  to  employ  a  term  not  listed  in  the 
B  N  k,   as  for  example  in  the  case  of  the  surgical  triangles  of  the  neck.  Such 


IV. 


terms  can,  however,  always  be  recognized  through  the  absence  of  cross  reference 
numerals.  In  Part  II  all  of  the  B  N  A  terms  have  been  retained  in  their 
original  Latin  form.  In  the  case  of  Part  I,  that  form  of  the  term  has  been 
used  which  appears  most  prevalent  in  the  majority  of  the  standard  English  and 
American  anatomical  texts  and  in  the  conversational  language  of  the  laboratory 
and  clinic.  Where  this  is  not  clear,  the  Latin  term  is  given.  In  the  event 
of  differences  in  different  texts,  regarding  the  terms  which  are  anglicized, 
the  cross  references  to  Part  II  facilitate  a  ready  reference  to  the  equivalent 
Latin  form,  as  for  example  in  the  case  of  stomach  and  ventriculus,  or  spleen 
and  lien.  In  this  connection  it  must  be  recognized  that  as  yet  there  is  no 
authoritative  list  of  English  equivalents  for  the  B  N  A  and  no  unanimity  of 
agreement  as  to  the  usage-  of  Latin  or  anglicized  forms,  -  a  problem  toward  the 
solution  of  which  an  authoritative  decision  by  proper  representatives  from 
English  speaking  countries  would  render  an  important  contribution  in  the 
interests  of  medical  science. 

A  thorough  understanding  and  adequate  command  of  anatomical  terms  con- 
stitute an  important  objective  in  anatomical  study.  The  same  is  eot-illy  true 
of  dexterity  in  dissection,  independence  of  observation  and  the  verification  of 
textbook  statements.  In  the  last  analysis,  however,  perhaps  the  matter  of 
greatest  importance  is  the  student's  own  efforts  toward  the  interpretation  and 
organization  of  the  facts  and  observations  thus  acquired.  Instructors, 
cadavers,  textbooks,  atlases  and  laboratory  manuals  are  only  means  to  an  end. 
If  the  student  is  lacking  in  this  ability  or  fails  to  develop  it,  all  of  these 
accessories  will  be  of  little  avail.  A  mere  memory  of  anatomical  terms  and 
all  the  minutiae  of  structure  do  not  in  themselves  constitute  a  working  know- 
ledge. 2%   is  only  as  these  data  become  organized  in  such  a  way  that  when 
confronted  with  the  living  body  we  can  visualize  the  form,  position,  relations 
and  functions  of  its  various  structures  as  component  parts  of  a  living  working 


machine  and  at  the  same  time  have  a  ready  command  of  the  terms  by  which  these 
structures  are  designated,  that  we  can  regard  ourselves  as  having  made  any 
great  degree  of  progress  toward  a  mastery  of  human  anatomy  =  Toward  the 
realization  of  this  end  the  present  work  is  necessarily  only  cne  of  many 
factors  o  It  has  oeen  undertaken  with  a  keen  appreciation  of  the  almost  dis- 
couraging character  of  some  of  the  perplexing  problems  it  involves  and  tnax  at 
best  it  must  represent  a  beginning  which  only  the  cumulative  dat'  acquired  with 
more  extended  experience  and  criticism  '-.an  bring  to  its  greatest  perfection. 
Its  immediate  purpose  will,  however,  be  attained  if  it  proves  to  be  of  real 
utility  in  the  establishment  of  a  basis  for  a  more  direct  correlation  of 
anatomical  terminology  and  struct  sire  in  the  practical  study  of  the  cadaver  and 
in  the  presentation  of  a  resume  of  rtgior-al  and  systematic  anatomy  materially 
facilitating  the  attainment  of  such  a  working  knowledge  ■»£  the  human  mechanism. 


Criticisms,  suggestions  or  memoranda  cf  errors,  a  certain  number  of  which 
have  not  always  been  successfully  eliminated  from  the  mimeograph  stencils  will 
be  greatly  welcomed.  It  has  also  been  suggested  t'r>at  should  the  proposition 
involved  in  the  present  work  recommend  itself  sufficiently,  possibly  the 
cumulative  experience  and  criticism  from  varices  labors/tories  might  eventually 
find  expression  through  some  representative  anatomical  committee  or  commission 
leading  to  a  more  authoritative  presentation  cf  the  subject* 


UHTV3RSITY  OF  CAL-IFOHSIA 
Berkeley,  Call- ornia,  Sept  2'',  1  Si  9, 


VI. 


CONTENTS 
Part  One 

Regional    Anatomy 

THE  SUPERIOR  EXTREMITY 

Page 
Structures  of  the  back:  with  reference  primarily  to  structures 

in  relation  to  the  superior  extremity* -* — — — — »-—  — ■  1 

Surface  anatomy  — — — — — — — — .... — *.,-—-■' .—  1 

Regions  of  the  back- — — — ..-...—, ..._....» ..—_.*.-  2 

Fascia,  cutaneous  nerves  and  vessels  — — — — — — — «— — — ••  2 

Muscles,  nerves  and  vessels  —.——-- — .*.——--.— .*.—-.-  2 

Muscles:  firs*  layer  —————— — —  2 

Structures  in  relation  to  superior  margin  of  scapula—— »  2 

Muscles:  second  layer  ..-.-— —.—..— ,...—..  3 

Nerves  and  vessels  — — — — — ; — —.-.—— — — ...  3 

Anterior  thoracic  region  and  axillary  fossa.-— — .—————--  3 

Surface  anatomy -— — — ..... ._...——.-. — — --  3 

Pectoral  regions  - — .---- .-'«— — ........ _.— — ._-..»_  3 

Anterior  thoracic  wall:  superficial  structures  -— — - — — — —  4 

Superficial  fascia,  cutaneous  nerves  and  blood  vessels—  4 

Mamma. t^-^ 4 

Anterior  throacic  wall:  deep  fascia  and  pectoralis  major 

muscle  — .....—_.— — ........ ...........  4 

Axillary  fossa  and  structures  subjacent  to  the  pectoralis 

major  muscle  -— - — — - — — .— — .._.._— — .... — .  4 

Structures  in  relation  to  base  of  axillary  fossa- -— —  4 

Structures  exposed  by  reflection  of  clavicular  part  of 

pectoralis  major  muscle — ........ ..  5 

Structures  exposed  by  reflection  of  sternocostal  part  of 

pectoralis  major  muscle — — — — — — — * — -  5 

Contents  of  superior  part  of  axillary  fossa  ——.-———  5 

Contents  of  inferior  part  of  axillary  fossa  — — — — .  5 

Structures  in  relation  to  medial  wall  of  axillary  fossa—  5 
Structures  in  relation  to  posterior  wall  of  axillary 

fossa  — — — .—.-...— i._— — _ — - — ._-..—  5 

Axillary  vessels  ——————— -._—..—-  6 

Subclavius  muscle  —————————  6 

Brachial  plexus  — ..*..-*. ... — -...—. — ----.-  6 

Serratus  anterior  muscle-— — ——————  -..— — 

Superior  extremity:  general  characteristics  — — —-——.——  7 

Subdivisions  ——————— — -— — ..-.._-- — ....  ...  7 

Regions  of  the  Superior  Extremity  — — — —.—.—- — .— .-  7 

Region  of  shoulder  — — — — ——.-_.-— — ...... — — — —  7 

Fascia,  cutaneous  nerves  and  cephalic  vein  ....... — — — -  7 

Muscles,  nerves,  vessels  and  ligaments  of  the  shoulder——  8 

Arm  and  superficial  structures  of  forearm  and  dorsum  of  hand— — — *  9 

Surface  anatomy  of  arm  and  forearm"-— —.—-.--. — ...—.-*.  9 

Arm  (anterior  aspect)  and  forearm:  superficial  structures—-  9 

Cutaneous  nerves  —--—-.-.--—-————————  9 

Veins  and  lymphatics* — — — — — — .  9 

Arm  (anterior  aspect) :  deep  structures  ——————— — — :  9 

Deep  fascia  —————— .... . , — i — ........ iq 

Arteries  — — — -. — — —1 — — — — . — _.-.-_. :  19 

Veins . . — -^ T — -  10 


VII. 
CONTENTS 


-  10 

Nerves — • • ■ .,  q 

Muscles "  .,q 

Cubital  fossa  ,q 

Arm  (posterior  aspect) • "~  1-^ 

Dorsum  of  hand:  superficial  structures  — — -■ ■ ~, 

Forearm:  volar  aspect  and  ulnar  margin  -- — — « *     ~"   "*" 

Deep  fascia  and  cutaneous  nsrves  piercing  it .-— 

Radial  artery  and  nerve  — — *  ,, 

Superficial  muscles  — ■ -I2 

Ulnar  vessels  and  median  nerve  —  -- — ~~    ~"  .« 

Deep  structures  on  volar  aspect  of  forearm — —' 

Wrist  and  hand:  volar  aspect —»—.—.- — ■  ~ 

Surface  anatomy  — • — — ~"  ~  ""  ,2 

Fascia  and  cutaneous  nerves  —-.—-—— — ■   -      — — 

Muscles,  nerves,  vessels  and  ligaments  « ■ 

Nerves  and  vessels  superficial  to  the  muscles  and  flexor 

tendons  of  the  palm — - ■ "« 

Ligaments  and  mucous  sheaths  of  flexor  tendons  —   —  ~ 

.Muscles  — > — ■ — ' " — """  "  """"  . 

Nerves  and  vessels  internal  to  the  flexor  tendons  snd  mu3c-es  i.3 

of  the  palm  —=-— — — =■- — -- — "~" — ""    "      " 

Forearm:  dorsal  aspect  and  radial  margin — ~~   "     *    """" 

Fascia,  muscles,  nerves  and  vessels  — ■ — **      — — 

Deep  fascia  -.-——--« .—=-.--.— — —   "  "  - 

«»«>— —•»  14 

Superficial  muscles  —  ~~~ — — — « ■ "    *" 

Nerves  and  vessels  - — „——.——-• — - — — — -   -   _„.__->»— 

•»— — —  14* 

Deep  muscles — =,—.=_—.——.———————•--" 

Wrist  and  hand:  dorsal  aspect  — --« — — '   "   *    — - 

Muscles,  nerves  and  vessels  — > — ■ «.«,»-—=»»« 

Vessels —.»————- — • ■    "~"  "~ 

Muscles,  nerves  and  ligaments  — — — — —- -— -—  .-,.«■— 

Articulations  of  superior  extremity ■ — • ~~  "    "~  i 

Shoulder  joint .—„*-—- — — — — .- — . — — —  lb 

Elbow  joint  — «.- — — ■ — -— " — ~ — -— ■  ~  *j| 

Joint  of  the  hand  — » — ■ «•-■»■ •• "~   "  """""  ~"j? 

Radiocarpal  articulation  — -  — — — .. -  15 

Intercarpal  articulation  — ■ ■ -— -"■— *"  '  ~  15 

Pisiform  articulation  «— — — —  16 

Radioulnar  articulation  — ■*— — —-—=——— — -~ — — —— - — —  lb 

Carpometacarpal  articulations  — — -« —- — — -- — — — — -•-—««.—  16 

Intermetacarpal  articulations — ■ — ' — .-—■———  16 

Metacarpophalangeal  articulations — — « * — --• *— • — -  16 

Articulations  of  the  digits  — • — — — — ■ *~~~ "  ■"* 

THORAX  AND  DEEP  STRUCTURES  OF  THE  EACK 

General  characteristics — — — — > — - — ■—" — ■ — — -—  17 

Subdivisions  of  thorax  and  back  - — — ~*-i  *" 

Surface  anatomy — « — — — -— — ■ — — — — 1' 

General  osteological  characteristics  of  the  thorax =--  IV 

Regions  of  thorax  and  back  — - — > — «■»--- — — ■ —  1? 

Thoracic  ^rall:  anterior  and  lateral  parts — -  17 

Intercostal  muscles,  ligaments  and  nerves ■ — — — - -  17 

Blood-vessels — — ■ 18 

Thoracic  cavity  and  viscera —,«.»- — •—  18 

Pleura  and  pleural  cavities  — — — 18 

Lungs «._»«— —~ — *■ »  19 


CONTENTS 


VIII. 

Fap;s_ 
"19 


Surface  anatomy '• — — •-< 

Internal  structure  of  lung  — - '" 

Root  of  lung  and  related  structures "  *  J 

Structures  in  relation  to  the  right  and  left  roots 20 

on 

Structures  within  the  pulmonary  roots  -• ^u 

Phrenic  nerve  and  nerves  to  She  superficial  part  of  the 

cardia.c  plexus  - — -■ ---. — — — — — > — —  <&u 

Thymus- ■ —«--——-——*—--*— —  20 

Pericardium -~«- — . — >, »—.».. - 20 

Great  veins  of  the  thorax  and  their  tributaries 21 

Heart  and  aorta — — • — - — — — ■ <,J- 

Surface  anatomy  — »-- —  — • — " "  21 

Nerve  and  vascular  supply  — —  >-  — — ■ ■ "  21 

Cavities  of  the  heart.  Pulmonary  vessels  — ■• — 22 

Myocardium  and  fibrous  rings  of  the  heart "  23 

Gardiac  plexus  -»-«•—— — ~— -~ — ■ — -- — ■- ■ 

Trachea  and  bronchi  «.—--...- - — ----- — - — ■ — -» 24 

Posterior  mediastinal  cavity  and  structures  within  it  — • —  24 

Thorecic  wall:  posterior  part  -.—".-.—— — -= — _...  —  -- .-— --  24 

Thoracic  part  of  the  sympathetic  system  — •.-—«.- — >— — --» 24 

Structures  in  relation  to  internal  surface  of  posterior 

Deep  structures  of  back  .»-.»-  _-»»»«-»-«--«.-  — — ---- . — -• — -  25 

Posterior  serrati  muscles  and  lunibodorsal  fascia  — 25 

Intrinsic  muscles  of  bacK  — — —--«.—.»—= — - — • — -----  25 

Nerves  and  blood-vessels  -: — ■ — ~..»- — — — — 26 

Vertebral  canal:  blood-vessels  and  meninges  ----- — — 26 

Spinal  cord:  nerves,  blood-vessels  and  surface  anatomy — —  27 

Sninal  nerves  ~ — ■ — -  —«»-■=»—- •» «- .~ >— _  27 

Blood-vessels —a— -———-- --- — 27 

Surface  anatomy  >■ — -- ■--— —  27 

Spinal  cord:  internal  structure  -— — ~ — -..— — -.  27 

Gray  matter ■ .»— - — .. — —  «— < —— — -  28 

White  matter  — — -— — ■ ■ ■ —  28 

Articulations  of  the  thorax „„.=*„. .»„.« — .- ._..--.. — -  28 

Sternocostal  articulations  -- — .—--». — ■ ■ 28 

Costovertebral  articulations  ««.—«.-— ■ ■ — « 28 

Capitular  articulations  ——<>.—. • — 28 

Costotransverse  articulations  — ■-■ — - — — — 28 

Articulations  of  the  vertebral  column  — - — — — .— —  29 


HEAD  AMD  NECK 

Structures  in  relation  to  scalp  and  temporal  region.  — ■ 30 

General  characteristics  of  the  cranium < — *.-—•» — — -»-  30 

Subdivisions  uf  the  cranium  -—.——- .—— — .... 30 

Regions  of  the  head  — — ■ ■ ■ — — 30 

Scalp  and  temporal  regions:  superficial  blood-vessels  and 

nerves  —-—--——. — -. — — — • — — -----  30 

Frontal  region  ------- — ... • «.-  30 

Temporal  region  -- — -«— «— —  30 

Mastoid  and  occipital  regions  — -- — — .__„_»__ — ......  30 

Scalp:  deeper  structures  — . •»  31 

Muscles ■ —  31 

Lymphatics — — --— — - — ......  31 

Auricle  or  external  ear  -—.—.-- 31 


CONTENTS  IX. 

Page. 

Intracranial  structures  in  relation  to  brain  and  cranial  v;all — —  31 

Structures  exposed  by  renoval  of  calvaria — — — — — —  31 

Structures  exposed  by  removal  of  brain  — — — — — —  32 

Roots  of  cerebral  nerves ; — —  32 

General  structural  characteristics  of  exposed  base  of 

cranium  and  related  dura  mater  — ■ 33 

Sinuses  of  the  dura  mater  - — « 33 

Arteries - ~  33 

Hypophysis 34 

Structures  in  the  lateral  and  anterior  regions  of  neck  — 34 

Surface  anatomy .——-.-- — .—  34 

Regions  of  the  neck — — --—■ — — —  34 

Superficial  fascia,  platysma,  veins  and  cutaneous  nerves  -~* — —  34 

Deep  cervical  fascia  and  sternucleidorcastoid  muscle  — — — —  35 

Posterior  triangle — -  35 

Occipital  triangle -— 35 

Supraclavicular  triangle  — «— - — —  36 

Supraclavicular  part  of  brachial  plexus  — — — — ■ * —  36 

Muscles  in  floor  of  posterior  triangle  — 36 

Anterior  triangle ■ — — — 36 

Submaxillary  or  digastric  triangle — — ■ 36 

Carotid  triangle ■ 37 

Muscular  triangle ■ — — 37 

Structures  in  relation  to  anterior  median  line  of  neck —  38 

Suprahyoid  region  — ■ — -- — ■ — — -— — — — — ----- —  38 

Infrahyoid  region — ■  ■ 38 

Muscles  of  neck:  second  and  third  layers  — 38 

Sternoclavicular  articulation  — — -— — — — -  38 

Root  of  neck 38 

Muscles — — -  38 

Blood-vessels  and  lymphatics  ----- — — __-—_———  38 

Nerves 39 

Remaining  structures  at  root  of  neck  — .— — —  39 

Cervical  plexus  and  viscera  of  neck — — — — --■— —  39 

Back  of  head  and  neck  — • — — — — —  40 

Regions  of  back  of  head  and  neck  — •— ,———-—--«.  40 

Fascia.,  superficial  nerves  and  muscles  — — — — ■ 40 

Muscles  in  relation  to  back  of  neck — — — —  40 

Deeper  blood-vessels  and  nerves  of  back  of  neck  — > —  41 

Face  and  frontal  region  of  head  — — — — — — — — -  42 

Surface  anatomy — — — ~ — ■— -  42 

Regions  of  face — — — -—  42 

Fascia  and  parotid  gland  - — - — .-_— — - — — 43 

Superficial  nerves  of  face — —  43 

Superficial  blood-vessels  of  face  — — - — — — — —  44 

Muscles  of  face  and  front  of  head > — —  44 

Structures  in  relation  to  temporal  and  infratemporal  'ossae  — — — —  44 

Fascia,  muscles  and  vessels  — — — *■ ■■- — — - — -  —  44 

Mandibular  articulation  — — — 46 

Nerves — . — — —  46 

Mandibular  canal — — — — — _ . — — — — —  46 

Submaxillary  canal — _  47 

Superficial  structures  in  submaxillary  region  — — - — — — — -  47 

Deeper  structures  in  submaxillary  region — -  47 

Structures  in  relation  to  deeper  regions  of  neck  and  base  of  cranium—  47 

Otic  ganglion,  tensor  veli  palatini,  stylopharyngeus  muscles-——  47 

Blood-vessels  — — — - — — — — — — — _ —  48 


•    •  Page 

Nerves --*** 49 

Sympathetic  trunk <-  49 

Structures  in  relation  to  cervical  part  of  vertebral  column,  and 

posterior  part  of  base  of  skull ■ ■-—  50 

Muscles,  nerves  and  blood-vessels  — *«-  50 

Articulations  of  cervical  vertebrae  III-VII ■ —  50 

Articulations  of  epistropheus,  atlas  and  occipital  bone  ■ ■ 50 

Cervical  part  of  vertebral  =anal  and  spinal  cord — --  51 

Remaining  structures  in  anterior  part  of  head  and  neck  -- — — — — - —  51 

Pharynx — — — —  52 

Muscles  and  fascia  of  pharynx  -- --— -. —  52 

Cavity  of  pharynx  — — — ■ 52 

Mouth  and  fauces  ———————— '. — «.- —--—__-  53 

General  characteristics  of  cavity  of  mouth  -• — — — -  53 

Mucous  membrane  of  mouth  — — — — <- — --—.-«-- —  54 

Glands  of  mouth  ———-—-—--— — --< .— .  54 

Teeth . ; -— — —  54 

Tongue > — — — •-  54 

Faeces — . — 54 

Soft  palate  and  related  structures -~  54 

Muscles . . — . --« _.,* — — ...~ „-„_„- — «,  54 

Arteries  — — — - — . . 55 

Nerves -■ — -~ — . ■ — —  55 

Auditory  tube  - — — — -— -— . — — _— 55 

Nasal  cavity -— .. — — .— 55 

Nasal  septum — — --  55 

Cavity  and  lateral  -walls  of  nose  — ■--- - — — — -——-——-  55 

Paranasal  sinuses  — — - — — — --> — --  56 

Nerves  and  vessels  in  lateral  wall  of  nasal  cavity — -  56 

Nasal  cartilages  — — — -— 56 

Larynx i _ — . _ . — — ■  56 

Cavity  of  larynx  — — — - — - — — ~  56 

Laryngeal  muscles,  hyothyreoid  and  elastic  membrane •• — -  57 

Laryngeal  nerves  and  vessels  — — — — ___—  57 

Laryngeal  cartilages  and  ligaments — — — -- — — —  58 

Tongue . 59 

General  characteristics  and  surface  anatomy 59 

Muscles  of  tongue -; 39 

Nerves  and  vessels  of  the  tongue  ~ —  60 

Structures  in  middle  cranial  fos~a 60 

Eyelids  and  lacrimal  apparatus—- ■ — —  61 

Eyelids _ _ 61 

Lacrimal  apparatus'/  — -— . -___ 61 

Structures  in  relation  to  orbit  — * • 61 

Structures  in  superior  part  of  orbit  and  fascia  of  eyeball 61 

Optic  nerve ,  nasociliary  nerve  and  ciliary  ganglion  — ■ 62 

Blood-vessels  of  orbit 62 

Remaining  structures  of  orbit 62 

Structures  in  carotid  and  infraorbital  canals  and  pterygopalatine  fossa  63 

Carotid  canal -— — - 63 

Maxillary  nerve  and  infraorbital  canal 63 

Sphenopalatine  ganglion  ————————————————— —  64 

Internal  maxillary  artery  — — — —  64 

Auditory  apparatus:  external  and  middle  ear 64 

Walls  of  tympanic  cavity  — «. ._  64 

Auditory  ossicles,  articulations,  ligaments  and  muscles  65 

External  acoustic  meatus  — •— • — «— .. - — -. -—_  66 

Intraosseous  course  of  facial,  intermediate  and  acoustic  nerves  - —  66 


CONTENTS  XI . 

Page. 
Brain:  General  characteristics,  meninges,  blood  vessels  and  cerebral 

nerves  ———-—-—-— — - — — — — — — — — - — — -  67 

Larger  subdivisions  of  brain  — — > — • -- ■ — •— — — —  67 

Meninges  and  blood  vessels  of  brain — — ..  67 

Meninges  - — — ------ — ---- __— — . —.--«.•«.«.----•-••  67 

Blood  vessels  — — -— — . «.••-.»—--»<-  68 

Base  of  brain  and  cerebral  nerves  --• > — .-»„-——  68 

Base  of  brain « — - — — — ~  6>3 

Cerebral  nerves — - — > — — — -  69 

Brain:  Surface  anatomy  of  rhombencephalon  and  mesencephalon  —--<-—-  69 

Rhombencephalon  —- — — ~  - — ———————————  69 

Medulla  oblongata  ~ — ~ .— — —  70 

Pons —„—.... —  70 

Isthmus  of  rhombencephalon  *--■ —- — — — -.—  70 

Cerebellum  — — — — - — - — - — — — —  70 

Fourth  ventricle  - — — — — — - — ' "*  "71 

Floor  of  fourth  ventricle  — — — — — — ---«■»  71 

Roof  of  fourth  ventricle — *• "  '^ 

Mesencephalon — ■ "  71 

Brain:  Surface  anatomy  of  prosencephalon — — 71 

General  subdivisions  of  prosencephalon  — — — — — *  71 

Telencephalon  — — ■ ■ — -  -— - — - — -"  7* 

Pallium:  general  characteristics  — — — -——•—-«  72 

Lobes  of  cerebrum  — — -- — ----- — -— — — — — — — —  72 

Medial  surface  of  hemisphere  — — — — — »——«.— — —  73 

Rhine  nee  phalon  — -< — *.•-«»- — -- — — — «.»- .— — 74 

Hypothalamus  -- — — — < — — — — — - — — -  74 

Corpus  cailosum —  — - •— 74 

Ventriculns  lateralis  — • ■ 74 

Septum  peilucidum,  fornix  and  tela  chorioidea  — — -— »- ™—  75 

Thalamencephal  on  — — — -— . — — -»--—-- — — — — -»  76 

Thalamus — — „.———— 76 

Metathalamus  ----- — — — — — — — 76 

Epithalamus  — — — «—~- — — — ■ — — — —  76 

Ventriculus  tertius  — — — — — — - — — — _— —  77 

Brain:  Sections  through  brain — — — — — — — -—  77 

Structures  in  sections  of  medulla  oblongata  — — — —  77 

Structures  in  sections  of  pens — — — — — - — — - — -—  77 

Structures  in  sections  of  cerebellum  ———.-•————«—— — -—  77 
Structures  in  sections  of  rhombenciphalic  isthmus  and 

mesencephalon  --- — - — -» *-- — — —  77 

Sections  of  isthmus  rhombencephali — —- — *  77 

Sections  of  pedunculus  cerebri  — - — ■ — -— — —  - — — — — —  77 

In  sections  of  corpora  quadrigemina — — ■  -- 78 

Structures  in  sections  through  prosencephalon  «— » —  78 

Sections  of  hypothalamus  -—«———- — - — — — —  78 

Sections  of  thalamencephalon  — — —  78 

Sections  of  telencephalon  - — — — — —  78 

Organ  of  Vision — — ._—.————, -. — 78 

Cptic  nerve — — - — — — — — —  ■ — ~  78 

Bulbus  oculi ■ — —  78 

Tunica  fibrosa  oculi  — — — — — -« —« — .-  79 

Solera — «  79 

Cornea • >-~ — 79 

Tunica  vasculosa  oculi >— — — — — —  79 

Chorioidea  — — — — — — — —  79 

Corpus  ciliare — — -————, — — —  80 


CONTENTS  XII. 

Page 

Iris —  80 

Ciliary  nerves  and  vessels ----**  80 

Pigment  layer «.-——-*  80 

Retina — -  --=  SO 

Vitreous  body — — - - ■ —-«»•«  81 

Zonula  ciliaris  — — .--o.—™  81 

Crystalline  lens — — — —  61 

Chambers  of  eyeball  » — — . — .._..—  81 


ABDOMEN  AND  PELVIS 


General  characteristics -— — »-- ~~ —  82 

Subdivisions  of  abdomen  and  pelvis  — *-— -- — — — -«—  82 

Surface  anatomy ■ — —.»——. . — - — >-— -  82 

Regions  -— — — ~ _-. — . — ---  82 

Perineal  region  • . — — — .- — -. . -—  83 

Surface  anatomy — — . — — ■ — — 83 

Perineal  region  in  general  — — — — - — — ~— — — --- — — -  83 

Pudendal  region  in  the  male  — • — >—<■ « — — -— » — -  83 

Pudendal  region  in  the  female ■ — — —  83 

Urogenital  region:  structures  external  to  urogenital  diaphragm——  83 

In  the  male — -« -~ — ■ — > 83 

In  the  female  — ---«--- —  84 

Urogenital  diaphragm — „— » =. - — — — 84 

Inferior  fascia  of  the  urogenital  diaphragm  — — — — .— -  84 

Structures  in  the  urogenital  diaphragm  in  the  male  — « 85 

Structures  in  the  urogenital  diaphragm  in  the  female 85 

Anal  region  — « « ■ ----  85 

Anterior  abdominal  wall -- — — — —  86 

Fascia,  cutaneous  nerves  and  vessels — - — — — -  86 

Deeper  structures  of  anterior  abdominal  wall ■ — -  86 

Muscles  and  related  structures  — ■ — — ■  86 

Internal  surface  of  anterior  abdominal  wall — --  87 

Inguinal  canal,  scrotum  spermatic  cord  and  testis — — — — -  88 

Inguinal  canal  ~— — —  88 

Scrotum  and  spermatic  cord  -- — — — —————————  88 

Testis — —  88 

Abdominal  cavity,  peritoneum  and  viscera > — — 89 

Abdominal  cavity  and  peritoneum  — * — • 89 

General  characteristics  of  abdominal  cavity,  viscera  and 

peritoneum  — — — - — — .... —  89 

Peritoneal  folds  and  fo^sa  in  relation  to  small  and  large 

intestine — ■ — 89 

Peritoneal  ligaments  in  relation  to  liver,  stomach  and  spleen  89 

Omental  bursa  — — — — <~ — — — , — -  50 

Relations  of  pelvic  peritoneum  «■ — 90 

Peritoneal  relations  in  general  -— . ■ — -  90 

Mesenteric  blood-vessels,  nerves  and  lymphatics  -— • 90 

Mesenterial  small  intestine  and  the  large  intestine — . 91 

Mesenterial  small  intestine > ~ -— . 91 

Large  intestine . 91 

Structures  in  relation  to  the  wall  of  the  omental  bursa 92 

Biliary  ducts  and  vessels  in  the  lesser  omentum  — 92 

Remaining  vessels  in  relation  to  walls  of  omental  bursa 92 


CONTENTS  XIII , 

Page 


Duodenum  and  pancreas  93 

Duodenum — 93 

Pancreas  -- — „ - _ —  93 

Stomach  and  spleen - —  93 

Stomach  — — — — . — — . — — -  93 

Spleen  - — - — ,— -- ., - —  93 

Sympathetic  plexuses  in  relation  to  coeliac  ganglion  and  ceoliac 

plexus  — — — 94 

Liver  — — — — — - — — „ . -  94 

Suprarenal  gland,  kidney  and  ureter — '•  95 

Suprarenal  gland,-  .....„,. -~ * m 95 

Vascular  supply  of  the  Kidney  and  Suprarenal  gland 96 

Kidney  - — — . . __. _. — .  96 

Ureter -. . .. «• — — ,.  96 

Diaphragm  — _„ . ». . «*  95 

Structures  in  relation  to  the  posterior  abdominal  wall 96 

Blood-vessels  and  lymphatics  — > - 96 

Arteries  « --._» -«.. ._. . . „_.» 97 

Veins  and  lymphatics  — —  97 

Fascia  and  muscles  of  posterior  abdominal  wall  — 97 

Nerves,  of  the  posterior  abdominal  wall — -  98 

Pelvis ...  98 

Osteology — - „ . . ] _  gg 

Peritoneum  and  fascia  in  relation  to  the  pelvis 99 

Peritoneal  foils  iu  Sils  ptlv^o . .  99 

reritor.ouc  af  -*e&Ale  pelvis — — — — — — -  99 

Fascia . .-»«*. .—-_—  99 

Pelvic  viscera  — — __- . „  200 

In  the  male  pelvis  — — . .___ 100 

In  the  female  pelvis  — — — -_  101 

Pelvic  blood  vessels  (male  and  female) -  102 


Arteries 

Veins 


102 
103 


Pelvic  muscles  and  nerves - — ._. «._  io3 

Pelvic  articulations «_ . 103 


THE  INFERIOR  EXTREMITY 

General  characteristics  of  inferior  extremity - -_  105 

Subdivisions — — .. 1Q5 

Regions — — „ -jqc 

Gluteal  region , . -,Q5 

Surface  anatomy  -- — - - „_«. iqc 

Fascia  and  cutaneous  nerves _. _ 106 

Glutaeus  maximus  muscle  — . _  105 

Structures  exposed  by  reflection  of  glutaeus  maximus  muscle  106 

■Structures  distal  to  the  piriformis  muscle  106 

Structures  proximal  and  lateral  to  the  piriformis  muscle -  107 

Structures  exposed  by  reflection  of  glueaeus  minimus  muscle  - -  107 

Popliteal  space -,- 107 

Surface  anatomy  — „,, ± ,Q„ 

Fascia,  superficial  nerves  and  vessels 

108 


-~w~.^,  ow^ci  J.J.UJ.CIJ.  nerves  ana  vessels  — —  -•- — « iq" 

Popliteal  space:  large  nerves  and  vessels  - 108 

Popliteal  space:  medial  and  lateral  boundaries ___!"  1na 

Contents  of  popliteal  space  - 


Nerves . I^ZZZZZZIZI IZZZIZZI"'!""'        108 

Blood-vessels  and  lymphatics  --*. ZZZZZZZ  108 


COI'TCNTS  XT.V, 


3age 


Floor  of  popliteal  space 103 

Posterior  part  of  thigh 109 

Fascia  and  cutaneous   nerves   — ---- -« — — ---»— 109 

H'iecles : 109 

Nerves  and  blood-vessels 109 

Anterior  part  of  thigh 109 

Surface  anatomy  — ■ 109 

Regions  in  relation  to  anterior  aspect  of  thigh 110 

Fascia,  superficial  vessels,  lymphatics  and  cutaneous  nerves  — —  110 

Superficial  fascia,  blood-vessels  and  lymphatics  — ■■ 110 

Fossa  ovalis  — — — — — ..—..— — ... — — __^_  HO 

Cutaneous  nerves,  superficial  praepatellar  bursae — -  110 

Deep  fascia  and  related  ligaments  — — — HI 

Femoral  sheath — — — - — —..—-—  HI 

Femoral  trigone  and  its  contents  — — 111 

Adductor  canal  and  its  contents  - — — — — 112 

Muscles  of  the  front  of  thigh —  112 

Medial  side  of  thigh 113 

Muscles,  nerves  and  vessels -■ — — 114 

Hip  joint = — 114 

Structures  in  relation  to  hip  joint 114 

Leg  and  foot ,„_»-_.. , 114 

General  characteristics  — — 114 

Subdivisions —  114 

Surface  anatomy -— — - — - — — 115 

Regions ■ — «- — -____-  115 

Anterior  region  of  leg  and  dorsum  of  foot 115 

Superficial  fascia,  cutaneous  nerves  and  vessels  -—..——  115 

Deep  fascia  -— ■ « —  116 

Muscles  in  anterior  rtgion  of  leg ■ — -« — 116 

Arteries -. ~ — ~ 116 

Nerves * — 116 

Muscles  of  dorsum  of  foot — ---  117 

Lateral  or  peroneal  region  of  leg  — »»- 117 

Deep  fascia  and  muscles — — — -»— — -. — «--  117 

Nerves — — - — —  117 

Medial  region  of  leg — — — 117 

Posterior  region  of  leg  and  heel ~- — — _- — .-  117 

Fascia,  superficial  vessels  and  cutaneous  nerves  — ■>-  117 

Muscles:  superficial  group  - — — •=- —  118 

Muscles:  deep  group » — -  118 

Arteries 118 

Nerves = 119 

Laciniate  ligament — .-.- . . ...  119 

^Plantar  region  of  foot  — • — . . 119 

Fascia  and  superficial  veins  — — 119 

Muscles:  superficial  layer « 119 

Plantar  arteries  119 

Plantar  nerves 120 

Muscles:  second  layer  of  muscles  and  tendons — — .—  120 

Muscles :  third  layer 120 

Plantar  arch  and  deep  division  of  plantar  nerve —  120 

Interosseous  muscles  and  deep  tendons —  120 


COI*'TSwTS 


XV. 

Page 


120 
121 
121 


Articulations  of  leg  and  foot ■ 

Knee  joint  — 

Ankle  joint 

Tibiofibular  joints ""  12} 

121 
Intertarsal  articulations  -. ~ 

Tarsometatarsal  articulations -*■ 

Intermetatarsal  articulations ^-^2 

Metatarsophalangeal  articulations  -^"^ 

Articulations  of  toes ^2 


Part  Two 

Systematic   Anatomy 

GENERAL  ANATOMICAL  TERMS. 

Terms  Indicating  the  Position  and  Direction  of  Parts  of  the  Body 1 

Terms  Relating  to  the  Body  in  General -*- 

Terms  Relating  to  the  Extremities * 

General  Anatomical  Terms — •—■- — "*" — " — — -  2 

PARTS  OF  THE  HUMAN  BODY. 

Head 4 

Cranium  4 

Face 4 

Eye 4 

Itose 4 

Mouth 4 

Neck 4 

Trunk ~  * 

Thorax 4 

Back 4 

Abdomen — 0 4 

P2lvis — — 5 

Superior  Extremities  — — — — 5 

Inferior  Extremities — • • 

OSTEOLOGY 

Vertebral  Column,    or  Spine -— 6 

Atlas 6 

Epistropheus ■ — 

Sacrum- * 

Coccyx — 

Thorax  7 

Ribs 

Sternum ■ — 

Thorax   (general  cnaracteristics)    7 

Bones   of  the   Cranium 7 

Basilar  Bone 7 

Occipital  Bone   -~ -""— ' 7 

Sphenoid  Bone — ■ 8 

Temporal  Bone — 8 


CONTENTS  XVI. 

—  _p>agg_ 

Parietal  Bone  — - — ■ — -  5 

Fr .- "xc-.Z.   Bone  — — — ■ — -*•  10 

Ethmoid  Bone --■ ■ — -  jO 

Inferior  nasal  concha  — —  10 

Lacrimal  Bone -— -— —  10 

Nasal  Bene — .-- — « ■ 10 

Vomer  - — ■ - > — --  10 

Eones  of  the  Face  — — — — — - —  10 

Maxilla — _„__„___ _-.-._ —  10 

Palate  Bone  -—-.»———— — — .___________---.-—_ —  11 

Zygomatic  Bone  — — 11 

Mandiole . __—_...--  11 

Hyoid  Bone  ■ — -.— ____- .—  12 

Cranium  ——.-.- -._. . ______ — - —  12 

Sutures  of  the  Cranium  — ■- — — — 12 

Synchondroses  of  the  Cranium ■ ■«—  13 

Bones  of  the  superior  Extremity ~ — — ■ ..-.«--.-•_= 13 

Shoulder  girdle  — -»____„_ .— .-_ ~  13 

Scapula  — — — - — —«.————=»—- — - — ________ — ..„»_—  13 

Clavicle — — . — « — — —  13 

Skeleton  cf   free  upper  Extremity ■ — - • 13 

Humerus  ——-.-.-». „ „— —  13 

R-'idiUS  —»™~..--«— «.«»»«..— .«,• 14 

Ulna  — — -— — _-_. „„_..-. ... — --. .- — .»-_— = — —- =  14 

Carpus  -——:—. . 14 

Metacarpus  — — -. ■ — — —  14 

Phalanges  =-.-—..—— — — 14 

Bones  of  the  inferior  Extremity  -- — 15 

Pelvic  girdle — -_.._m-.-„-_, — „ — ,. . _ _ ______„  15 

Kip  Boae  u.-—-----.-.. — »- . 15 

Ilium  »•«--_.- — ..__„_, ^ 15 

Ischium  --..__*._..»«.«,._-. — „__« „_ . . 15 

Pubis  —.——„-*. — . 15 

Pelvis  — —— . -.—- , _ __  15 

Skeleton  of  free  lower  Extremity  -— ~= — .- - — ,„___—..  15 

Femur -«_—..-_-.-,.___,-. ._- — . — , — „„. . „«. — ,„ —  15 

Fibula  — ~— ..„„___.._; . . — _«d.„„_-„  16 

Patella  ■ — — « . -._.=«. — «~ *„__.._.. ^ .,„„_..„«,=_  15 

Tarsus  »- ._«.«.-.-.--.-._ __=~..~_„__„_»_.~_.-. ___„_■.„_  X6 

Talus -*——.-«.— ,———-«.  15 

Calcaneus  -—-. — •..« .—-,»=— .-—»_»._„,-^__^«„^-™i,  17 

Navicular  Bone  - — ■ => — __-.__._. ,_,.____.„■.__„_.,  17 

Cuneiform  Bones  -j— — ~_==.__. — ___~___, «..,>,„_,_.«.  2.7 

Cuboid  Bene  -.--.——.-.-__ — . — -_,, — ., - — ».. _--_,  17 

Phalanges  —  - — -«~ — -«.---__-«>--._.__.=-,*.__.-.-,-.-,_,_,.-„...-.-_.. —  IS 

SYNBESMQLOGY 

Ligaments  of  the  Vertebral  Column  and  Cranium  *«——•— —-.——«-*.  18 

Atlantooocipital  articulation  «.—— — ~— -«— -»-^.-«.— =- —*.  19 

A tlantoepd atrophic  articulation — —- ~ -=-.—.  —  19 

Costovertebral  articulations  «——>— — . . ,__.,__. __  19 

Capitular  articulations  «— ~-« — --• .— — - __-. ..,____.»,__  19 

Costotransverse  articulations  — — >. .- --« — -  J9 

Sternocostal  articulations  — =• — — —«.-__-.___.. .___- „___.  ig 


COITTSIJTS  XVII . 

Mandibular  articulation  — — — ~  19 

Ligaments  of  the  shoulder  girdle _—- — -. — — — = 19 

Acromioclavicular  articulation ■ 19 

Sternoclavicular  articulation  — — — »_._-____ „—- — -~ — ..__-—-.  19 

Shoulder- joint — — ■ —  19 

Elbow- joint  — = — ■ — — - — --— •  19 

Distal  radioulnar  articulation =-_ — — .-_..-» ~- —  20 

Articulation  of  the  hand  — — ~ 20 

Articulation  of  the  pisiform  bone  --- — ■ — — — - — — -— —  20 

Carpometacarpal  articulations  - — —- — — .— — — • — — — -  20 

Carpometacarpal  articulation  of  the  thumb  -» — >— _— —  20 

Intermetacarpal  articulations- — •-- — -»»-< — — - — — — •-• — -- -  20 

Metacarpophalangeal  articulations ■ — 20 

Articulations  of  the  fingers • — — ■ — -■ — • — 20 

Ligaments  of  the  pelvic  Girdle  — « ■ 20 

Sacro-Iliac  articulation  ---a.-.--.-—'-—————.—.—-——————  20 

Symphysis  of  Pubic  Bones  -«~— — ■ — ■- 20 

Hin- joint  — ~ ■ — 20 

Knc e-  joiat--  ■ ,___. — „_. — —._._. . = . 21 

Tibiofibular  articulation —-..—.. — -. .— — ~— —  21 

Tibiofibular  Syndesmosis  — > —.«»—•- —  21 

Articulations  of  the  Foot  -— — ■-■ ■ — ■ — —  21 

Talocrural  articulation  (Ankle  joint)—- — - — 21 

Intertarsal  articulations  -~ — ■  21 

Talocalcaneonavicular  articulation — — — -  — —  - — — — ~  21 

Talocalcanean  articulation — ■ —  21 

Chcparfs  Transverse  Articulation  of  the  Tarsus  ---«• — -  21 

Talonavicular  articulation  --- — --.———.—.————  21 

Calcaneocuboid  articulation  — ———.—— — -- — — —  —  21 

Cuneonavicular  articulation  -— 21 

Interosseous  Ligaments  of  Tarsus  —  -— — — — — -— -— —  21 

Dorsal  Ligaments  of  Tarsus ■ > 21 

Elantar  Ligaments  of  Tarsus — ■ 21 

Tarsometatarsal  articulations — — 22 

Intermetatarsal  articulations 22 

Metatarsophalangeal  a.rticulations . 22 

Articulations  of  the  Toes — ■ — — 22 

MYOLOGY  OR  MUSCULATURE 

Muscles  of  Back — 23 

Muscles  of  the  Head . . . ■ 24 

Muscles  of  the  Hyoid  Bone ■ ■ 24 

Muscles  of  the  Thorax *• . — 24 

Muscles  of  the  Abdomen  — «.--» — w . 25 

Coccygeal  Muscles — — — . — . — -  25 

Muscles  of  the  superior  Extremity  — ■ — -- ~- — — -  25 

Muscles  of  the  Inferior  Extremity — -.—— —  26 


CONTENTS  Mill, 

Page 

BURSAS  AND  MUCOUS  SHEATHS 

SPLANCHNOLOGY 

Digestive  System 

Oral   cavity  — — -«=>_       30 

Oral  mucous  membrane — ■ >-°       30 

Ors.1   glands . — - .— -       31 

Teeth . ___„____  —       31. 

Tongue . _ . . . .       31 

Fauces  -< ■ _ 32 

Muscles  of  the  palate  and  fauces  — 32 

Pharynx  < . .„ , ,       32 

Digestive  tube  — ■ . . - - — -       32 

Oesophagus   _ . , 32 

Stomach -. . 32 

Small  intestine 33 

Large  intestine  -~ — ■ — • . . . 33 

Rectum ■ . „ . 33 

Pancreas — . -_ 34 

Liver . __. — .», __ _ 34 

Spleen — — _ _.. — __ — __ ,__ 35 

Respiratory  System 

Nasal  Cavity  - — ■ ■ . . . - _ — . »   35 

External  Nose  — ■ . . . 35 

Larynx __ , _ _. , —  36 

Laryngeal  Muscles — . ■ -— - 36 

Laryngeal  Cavity . 37 

Trachea  and  Bronchi __ 37 

Lung _ _ _   37 

Thoracic  Cavity „_._>  33 

Thyreoid  Gland — ___ . _ _. „„ ... 33 

Glomus  caroticum  -—__ — — — — - - — _______ __, ____„_  38 

Thymus  — . _  33 

Urogenital  System 

Uropoietic  Organs ______ . .___ ,___ _  33 

Kidney — — . , 38 

Renal  Arteries  --- — __-. - ,_ ___ ___  39 

Renal  Veins —- . — _ .. . . ____  3g 

Ureter — , . ___« 39 

Urinary  Bladder « _,_  39 

Suprarenal  Gland  — — — «»„„_„ .„. ____ __ _  39 

Genital  or  reproductive  Organs  — - — < _  39 

Malt,-  Genital  Organs  — > __. « , . __  39 

Testis  — . 3g 

Seminal  Vesicle — ~ — — - — - _____ . 40 

Spermatic  Cord  and  tunics  of  the  Testis  and  spermatic  Cord  - 40 

Prostrate _  4Q 

Bulbo-urethral  Gland . . . _. _  40 

External  Genital  Structures , 40 

Penis  — _ — -_ «.___ 40 


CCI-iTENTS 


XIX, 


Pae;8_ 

Male  Urethra 4-L 

Scrotum "        " 

Female  Genital  Organs  *  "■ 

Ovary * JL 

Uterine  Tube "  ~~ 

Uterus " " "  41 

„  . , 42 

Epocphoron '  ** 

n  v  —  42 

Paroophoron *^ 

External  Genital  Parts " "  42 

Greater  Vestibular  Gland   (of  Bartholin)    — 42 


42 
Female  Urethra  — • 

Perineum ■ """ 


Peritoneum  — ■ — 4 


ANGIOLOGY 


Heart 


44 


Right  Atrium  — "  46 

Right  Ventricule ■ ■ — * *"""  46 

Left  Atrium — — — ■ 46 

Left  Ventricle  ~ —  46 

Arteries "  ^ 

Pulmonary  Artery — ■ ■ 46 

Aorta — — 46 

Innominate  artery  — ■ ■ "  46 

Common  Carotid  Artery ~ — — 46 

External  Carotid  Artery ■ ■ — "  46 

Superior  Thyreoid  Artery — « 46 

Ascending  Pharyngeal  Artery  — 47 

Lingual  Artery — — --  47 

External  Maxillary  Artery  — —  47 

Sternocleidomastoid  Artery —  47 

Occipital  Artery ' —  47 

Posterior  Auricular  Artery  — > ■ ~  47 

Superficial  Temporal  Artery — • ~  47 

Internal  Maxillary  Artery  — — — -  47 

Internal  Carotid  Artery • 47 

Ophthalmic  Artery  *- — ■ 47 

Cerebral  Arteries  — — — — — — -  48 

Subclavian  Artery — ~  48 

Vertebral  Artery — — - — ■ ~  48 

Basilar  Artery » *■ 48 

Internal  Mammary  Artery ■ — > — 48 

Thyrocervical  Trunk • ■ 48 

Inferior  Thyreoid  Artery  — — 48 

Ascending  Cervical  Artery 48 

Transverse  Scapular  Artery ■ 48 

Costocervical  Trunk 48 

Transverse  Cervical  Artery  - — — — - — —  48 

Axillary  Artery — 48 

Highest  Thoracid  Artery 49 

Thoraco  acrominal  Artery 49 

Lateral  Thoracic  Artery  — — — — — — 49 

Subscapular  Artery  - — — — -—  49 


CONTENTS  XX* 

•  -  Page 

Anterior  Circumflex  humeral  Artery  — ■ -~~  49 

Posterior  Circumflex  humeral  Artery  — 4^ 

-  aq 

Brachial  Artery  — ■ '  " 

Profunda  Brachii  Artery  — ■ — ^9 

Superior  Ulnar  Collateral  Artery  - — -~ 4^ 

Inferior  Ulnar  Collateral  Artery  — ■ " — "  49 

Radial  Artery — — ---  49 

4-9 

Ulnar  Artery ■ — -"j 

Thoracic  Aorta  ■ — ■ — — ' " 


Intercostal  Arteries 


liddle  Sacral  Artery 
Coeliac  Artery 


49 


Abdominal  Aorta — ■ — —   50 

Inferior  Phrenic  Artery  — " "   50 

Lumbar  Arteries  — — — "   50 


50 
50 


Superior  Mesenteric  Artery  — *- — — "  50 

Inferior  Mesenteric  Artery — « ■ " "  50 

Middle  Suprarenal  Artery  — — ■ — — — ■ — ~  50 

Renal  Artery ■ ■ "  50 

en 

Internal  Spermatic  Artery  ■ — »— — -  3u 

Testicular  Artery — 50 

Ovarian  ArteSy  — ■ "  50 

Common  Iliac  Artery — — — — — --- — -— 50 

Hypogastric  Artery  — — — —. — 50 

Iliolumbar  Artery > — — ■ — "**  50 

Lateral  Sacral  Artery • — — — — ■ — — 50 

Obturator  Artery  — — — — * — * "  50 

Superior  Gluteal  Artery — — • — """  51 

Inferior  Gluteal  Artery  ---- — — — — - — -  51 

Umbilical  Artery  - — — --.-- — — — -  51 

Inferior  Vesical  Artery  — - — — — • "  51 

Deferential  Artery  — — — ■ ■ ■— — - — — — — -  51 

Uterine  Artery  — — — — —  -~ — ----- — . < — - — —  51 

Middle  Hemorrhoidal  Artery --- — ----- — — - — - — --  51 

Internal  Pudendal  Artery  -- — — * —  51 

External  Iliac  Artery — ■ -— "  51 

Inferior  Epigastric  Artery  — — — —«,————  51 

Deep  Circumfles ■ — — » --— — —  51 

Femoral  Artery — — — — — -— ■ — > --•=—  51 

Popliteal  Artery ■ — "  51 

Anterior  Tibial  Artery  — ■- 52 

Posterior  Tibial  Artery  -- — — -— -  52 

Veins — — >— — - — ———»■—— — = — —  52 

Pulmonary  Veins  — «- — » — > — 52 

Cardiac  Veins  — — —- « — — -  52 

Superior  Vena  Cava — — — • "  52 

Right  and  Left  Innominate  Veins —  52 

Internal  Jugular  Vein — • —  52 

Sinuses  of  the  Dura  Mater ———————— 53 

Cerebral  Veins — — 53 

Superior  Opnthalmic  Vein — 5o 

Common  Facial  Vein — — --  53 

Anterior  Facial  Vein  — — — ■ — — — <-— 53 

Posterior  Facial  Vein  — — * 54 

External  Jugular  Vein  — ~- —  54 

Subclavian  Vein  — — — — — — — — 54 


CONTENTS  XXI. 

Page 

Axillary  Vein  - — — -— —  54 

Azygoa  Vein «-• — — — ■  54 

Inferior  Vena  Cava 55 

Portal  Vein 55 

Common  Iliac  Vein — ■-— — -— - — -— — — — — — — — — — —  55 

Hypogastric  Vein — -  55 

External  Iliac  Veins — — —  55 

Lymphatic  System  — — • — --  56 

Lymphatic  Vessels  — 56 

Thoracic  Du<rb — — > — - — -  56 

Lymph  Glands 56 

Lymphatic  Plexuses *■ 57 

NEUROLOGY 

Central  nervous  svstem. 


Spinal  cord — -- 58 

Sections  of  spinal  cord  — - — -—-——— — — -  58 

Encephalon  (brain ■ — -  59 

Rhombencephalon — — — — -  59 

Myelencephalon  (medulla  oblongata) — — 59 

Sections  of  medulla  oblongata  — 59 

Metencephalon  (hind-brain) — — 60 

Pons 60 

Sections  of  pons — > — - — ■ 60 

Cerebellum  i- — — — - 60 

Sections  of  cerebellum --— —  61 

Isthmus  of  Rhombencephalon  — — — — —  61 

Sections  of  Isthmus  — — —  61 

Cerebrum  — ■ — — 61 

Mesencephalon  (mid-brain) — — — — -  61 

Sections  of  cerebral  peduncle  — — 61 

Sections  of  quadrigeminal  bodies ■ 62 

Prosencephalon  (fore-brain)  -— — — —  » — — — 62 

Diencephalon  (inter-brain) —  62 

Hypothalamus  — — — — — — — -—  62 

Sections  of  hypothalamus — 62 

Thalamencephalon —  62 

Thalamus  — — — 62 

Lie  ta  thalamus ■ :— 62 

Epithalamus  Q 62 

Sections   of  thalamencephalon ■ — — 62 

Telencephalon  (end-brain)    — 63 

Hemisphere --—  63 

Pallium 63 

Medial  surface  of  hemisphere  — — — —  63 

Corpus  callosum — — —  64 

Fornix — — 64 

Septum  pellucidum — ■ 64 

Lateral  ventricle — — — 64 

Rhinencephalon — — — —  64 

Sections  of  telencephalon — -— 64 

Meninges  — — — — — ».- . — 55 


.    ,  - 


CONTENTS  XXII, 

Par,e 


Peripheral  nervous  system. 

Cerebral  nerves  - — -— 66 

Olfactory  nerves — •— 66 

Optic  Nerve  '■ 66 

Oculomotor  Nerve  66 

Trochlear  Nerve 66 

Trigeminal  Nerve  66 

Ophthalmic  Nerve 66 

Maxillary  Nerve •  66 

Mandibular  Nerve  67 

Abducent  Nerve ■*• -"  67 

Facial  Nerve — - — - — --  67 

Acoustic  Nerve *  67 

Glossopharyngeal  Nerve  - — ----- — — -— --_———».-—  68 

Vagus  Nerve  ---------------------------------------  68 

Accessory  Nerve  --— — — --— — 68 

Hypoglossal  Nerve » — • 68 

Spinal  Nerves 68 

Cervical  Nerves — — ■ — 69 

Brachial  Plexus 69 

Median  Nerve  -— ■ 69 

Ulnar  Nerve 69 

Radial  Nerve  \ > > 69 

Thoracic  Nerves  69 

Lumbar,  Sacral,  and  Coccygeal  Nerves  — ■ 70 

Lumbosacral  Plexus 70 

Lumbar  Plexus ■ 70 

Ialiohypogastric  Nerve — -  70 

Ilioinguinal  Nerve 70 

Genitofemoral — —  70 

Lateral  femoral  cutaneous  Nerve ■ —  70 

Obturator  Nerve — -  70 

Femoral  Nerve  - — — —————— — _.———-—  70 

Sadral  plexus — — — — — — — — 70 

Sciatic  Nerve  — — -< — ■ — -—  70 

Pudendal  plexus »■ 71 

Coccygeal  Nerve 71 

Sympathetic  Nervous  System. 

Cephalic  and  cervical  parts  of  the  sympathetic  system  — 71 

Thoracic  part  of  the  sympathetic  system  — 72 

Abdominal  and  pelvic  parts  of  the  sympathetic  system — •— 72 


SENSE  ORGANS  AND  COMMON  INTEGUMENT. 

Organ  of  Vision 73 

Eye 73 

Optic  Nerve ■ — 73 

Eyeball , — 73 

Fibrous   Tunic   of  Eye - 73 

Sclera  -— — — __— ——_-__-_____ „_.»  73 

Cornea  — _-— „ 73 

Vascular  Coat  of  Eye 73 


CONTENTS  XXIII . 


Page, 


Chorioid  — 73 

Ciliary 73 

Iris  — 73 

Pigment  layer < 74 

Retina 74 

Anterior  Chamber  of  the  Eye 74 

Posterior  Chamber   of  the  Eye —  74 

Vitreous  Body 74 

Crystalline —  74 

Ciliary  Zonule — ■-«— -  74 

Accessory  Organs  of  the  Eye ■ 74 

Eye  Muscles,  orbital  Fasciae — —  74 

Eyebrow ■ —— — .-- — .  75 

Eyelids 75 

Conjunctiva  «— -— -— — •--  75 

Lacrimal  Apparatus  — 75 

Organ  of  Hearing 75 

Internal  Ear — —  75 

Membraneous  Labyrinth  75 

Osseous  Labyrinth • 76 

Vestibule 76 

Cochlea 76 

Interned  Acoustic  Meatus —- •  76 

Tympanic  Cavity  76 

Tympanic  Membrane ■ 77 

Auditory  Ossicles ■ 77 

Joints  of  the  Auditory  Ossicles- ■ 78 

Ligaments  of  the  Auditory  Ossicles ■ —  78 

Muscles  of  the  Auditory  Ossicles  ■ — 78 

Tympanic  Mucous  Coat ■ 78 

Auditory  or  Eustachian  Tube > • 78 

External  Acoustic  Meatus -=-- — ■ — —  78 

External  Ear • • —  78 

Organ  of  Smell . 79 

Organ  of  Taste  — . 79 

Common  Integument ■ 79 

Skin  — — 79 

Epidermis  — ■ 79 

Cerium . 79 

Subcutaneous  Tissue    (tela  subcutanea) 79 

Terminal  Corpuscles   of  Nerves ~  79 

Hair 79 

Nails  — . 79 

Hands  of  the  Skin — ■ 79 

Glomiform  Glands -~ 79 

Sebaceous  Glands . . • — 80 

Breast  — • — — —  80 


Part   One 

REGIONAL    ANATOMY 


SUPERIOR       EXTREMITY 


P»rt 


Regional   Anatomy1 


SUPERIOR   EXTREMITY 


Structures  of  the  Back:  with  reference  primarily  to 
Structures  in  Relation  to  the  Superior  Extremity. 


1.  Surface  anatomy 


Structures  which  may  be  identified  by  inspection  and  palpation. 

SPINOUS  PROCESSES- 6:37 

VERTEBRA  PROMj KENS-6 : 3 8 

MEDIAL  ANGLE  OF  THE  SCAPULA-13 : 52 

INFERIOR  ANGLE  OF  THE  SCAPULA-13: 50 

SPINE  OF  THE  SCAPULA-13 :42 

ACR0MI0N-13:45 

ILIAC  CREST-15:-18 


■'■In  conformity  with  the  Basle  Anatomical  Nomenclature  (B  N  A)  all  brackets 
relating  to  anatomical  terms  are  used  in  the  following  sense: 

I.  Oval  brackets  ()  indicate  variations  (varietates  anatomicae). 

II.  Angular  brackets  £  2  contain  explanatory  additions,  among  which  are 
included  double  names  and  personal  names. 

III.  One  affixed  asterisk  x  is  used  to  indicate  ontogenetic  expressions,  (e.g. 
MEMBRANAS,  DECIDUAX  -43:5,  VENA  ffi^ILICALISx-55:34,  etc.). 

IV.  Two  affixed  asterisks  xx  are  used  in  a  few  instances  to  indicate 
structures  which  may  be  either  especially  difficult  to  demonstrate  by 
ordinary  methods  of  dissection  or  appear  relatively  of  secondary  importance. 

The  numerals  affixed  to  each  term  in  the  regional  anatomy  (Part  i)  cite  the 
page  and  number  of  the  same  term  in  its  systematic  position  in  the  outline  of 
systematic  anatomy  (Part  II) .  In  connection  with  these  cross  references,  it 
will  be  observed  that  the  terms  in  Part  I  are  anglicized  in  some  instances 
and  given  in  their  Latin  form  in  other  instances,  whereas  in  Part  II  the  terms 
appear  exclusively  in  Latin.  In  the  latter  case,  the  term  corresponds  with 
the  original  B  N  A;  in  the  former  case  the  term  has  been  used  in  the  form 
which  appears  to  coincide  with  the  usage  common  to  the  majority  of  standard 
American  and  English  anatomical  te.-;ts,  but  it  is  to  be  recognized  that  as  yet 
there  is  no  authoritative  English  list  based  on  the  B  N  A  and  that  for  the 
present  decisions  upon  this  point  are  necessarily  largely  dependent  upon  the 
individual  preferences  of  author  and  student.  (See  also  discussion  in  the 
Preface) . 

In  general  the  subject  matter  is  arranged  with  a  view  to  practical  utility. 
To  this  end  the  terms  in  Part  I  are  grouped  primarily  in  the  sequence  in  which 
the  corresponding  structures  may  be  exposed  and  observed  in  actual  dissection. 
The  text  in  small  type  gives  concise  statements  of  the  more  important 
incisions  and  dissections  necessarily  involved  in  an  adequate  demonstration  of 
these  structures  as  they  are  encountered  in  any  given  region.   The  page 
arrangement  of  the  terms  in  general  is  such  as  to  leave  a  certain  amount  of 
space  available  for  marginal  notes  or  references. 


SUPERIOR     EXTREMITY.  2« 

2.  Regions   of  the  back 

MEDIAN  REGION  OF  THE  BACK-83 :24 
INTERS  CAPULAR  ES  GI  ON-  83  : 2  5 
SCAPULAR  HEGION-83:26 
SUPRASCAPULAR  REGI0N-83:27 
INFRASCAPULAR  REGION-83:23 
LUMBAR  REGI0N-.83:29 
REGION  OF  THE  KIP- 83: 30 
SACRAL  REGI0N-83:31 
GLUTEAL  REGION-83 :32  . 
PERINEAL  REGI0N-83:33 

3.  Fascia  ,    cuta neoug_  nerves  and  vessels 

Skin  incisions:  a)   in  the  midline   from  the  vertebra  prominens 
to  the   tip  of  the   coccyx;   b)    from  the  tip   of   the   coccyx  to  the 
posterior' superior  iliac   spine,   thence  along  the  iliac  crest  to 
within  about  25  cm.   of  the  anterior  superior  iliac  spind;   cj    from 
the  vertebra  prominens  to  the  medial  margin  of  the  acromion; 
d)    from  the  spinous  process   of  the    first  lumbar  vertebra  to  the 
lateral  margin  of  the  acromion. 
SUPERFICIAL  FASCIA-23 :36 

MEDIAL  CUTANEOUS  RAMI  OF  POSTERIOR  RAMI  OF  THORACIC  NERVES-69:77 
LATERAL  CUTANEOUS  PAMI   OF  POSTERIOR  RAMI  OF  THORACIC  NERVES-69:76 
"POSTERIOR  RAMI   OF  LATERAL  CUTANEOUS   PAMI  OF  INTERCOSTAL  NERVES- 
70:4 

MEDIAL  RAMI  OF  POSTERIOR  RAMI   OF  LUMBAR,    SACRAL  AND  COCCYGEAL 
NERvES-70:13,   19 

LATERAL  RAMI   OF  POSTERIOR  RAMI  OF  LUMBAR  NERVES-70:14 
MEDIAL  CUTANEOUS  RAMI  OF  POSTERIOR  RAMI   OF  INTERCOSTAL  ARTERIES- 
49:63 

DORSAL  RAMI   OF  LUMBAR  ARTERIES- 50:10 

POSTERIOR  RAMI   OF  LATERAL  CUTANEOUS   RAMI   OF  ANTERIOR  RAMI   OF 
INTERCOSTAL  ARTERIES-49 : 68 

4.  Muscles,    nerves  and  vessels 

a.  Muscles:   first  layer 

Exposed  by  removing  both  superficial  and  deep  layers   of   fascia. 

TRAPEZIUS  MUSCLE-23:15 

LATISSIMUS  DORSI  MUSCLE-23:17     Not  including  its   insertion. 

TRIGONUM  LUMBALE-2  5:48 

b.  Structures   in  relation  to   the  superior  margin  of   the   scapula 
Demonstrated  by  detaching  the  thoracic  part  of  the  trapezius 
muscle  at  its  origin,   separating  it  from  the  cervical  part  of 
the  muscle  by  a  transverse  incision  at  the  level   of  the  vertebra 
prominens,   and  reflecting  the  thoracic  portion  toward  its 
insertion,   exposing  at  the  same  time  the  external  ramus   of  the 
accessory  .nerve-63:59,   and  the  muscular  rami  from  the  third  and 
fourth  cervical  nerves  supplying  it„ 

INFERIOR  BELLY  OF  THE  OMOHYOID  MUSCLE-24:59 
SUPRASCAPULAR  NERVE- 69: 31 
TRANSVERSE  SCAPULAR  ARTERY-43:60 
SUPERIOR  TRANSVERSE  SCAPULAR  LIGAMENT-19:43 


superior  extremity*  3. 

c.  Muscles;  second  lave r 
RHOMBOIDEUS  MAJOR  XJsblS-23:3  8 
RHOMBOIDEUS  MINOR  MUSCLE-23:19 

LEVATOR  SCAPULAS  MUSCLE~23:20     Insertion  only. 
The  descending  ramus  of  the  transverse  cervical  artery~48:69  nay 
be  observed  in  the  interval  between  the  rhomboideus  minor  and  the 
levator  scapulae  muscles. 

d.  Nerves _and  vessels 

The  following  nerves  and  artery  may  be  exposed  by  detaching  the 

levator  scapulae  muscle  at  its  insertion  and  the  rhomboid  muscles 

at  their  origins,  and  reflecting  the  latter  muscles  toward  their 

insertions « 

DORSAL  SCAPULAR  NERVE-69:27 

DESCENDING  RAMUS  OF  THE  TRANSVERSE  CERVICAL  ARTERY-48 : 6 9 

The  following  structures  may  be  demonstrated  by  detaching  the 

latissimus  dorsi  muscle  at  its  origin  and  reflecting  the  muscle 

toward  its  insertion. 

THORACODORSAL  NERVE-69:33  Termination  only. 

THORACODORSAL  ARTERY-49:10       Termination  onlw. 


II.  Anterior  Thoracic   region  and  a miliary  fossa. 

1.  Surface  anatomy 

Structures  which  may  be   identified  by  inspection  and  palpation, 
CLAVICLE~13:59 

STERNAL  SXTREMITY-13 : CO 

ACROMIAL  EXTREMITY-13 : 63 
STERNUM~7:46 

MANUBRIUM-7 :47 

JUGULAR  N0TCH-7:54 

BODY  OF  STERNUM-7:59 

ANGLE  OF  ST3RNtffi-7:48 

XIPHOID  PR0CESS-7:52 
RIBS  I-XII-7:28 

COSTAL  CARTILAGES-7:32 
CORACOID  PROCESS   OF  THE   SCAFULA-13:58 
MAMMA-4:50,    80:5 

PAPILLA.  MAMMAE-80:6 

CORPUS  MAMMAE-80:7 

AREOLA  MAMMAE-80:14 
ACCESS ORY  MAMMAE-80 :  18 
AXILLA- 5: 10 

ANTERIOR  AXILLARY  FOLD- 5: 11 

POSTERIOR  AXILLARY  F0LD-5:12 
HUKSRUS-23:67 

2.  Pectoral  recions-83 :2 

ANTERIOR  PECTORAL  REGION- 33: 3 
STERNAL  HEGI0N-83:4 
CLAVICULAR  REGION- 83: 5 
INFRACIAVICULAR  REGI0N-83:6 

DELTCIDEOPECTORAL  TRIANGLE-83 :7 
MAMMARY  REGI0N-83:8 
INFRAMAMMARY  REGI0N-83:9 


3'^riOT:     E.'TRSMJTY  4. 

LATERAL  PECTORAL  RSGION-83 :10 
AXILLARY  REGION-83.;12 

AXILLARY  F05SA-83;12 

LATERAL  COSTAL  REGION-83 :13 

3.  Anterior  thoracic  wall:   superficial  structures 

a.  Superficial   fascia,    cutaneous   nerves  and  blood  vessels 

Skin  incisions:   a)   longitudinally  from  the  xiphoid  process  trans- 
versely around  to  the  back;    b)    from  the    jugular  notch  laterally, 
along  the   clavicle,   to  the  tip  of  the  acromion;  c)    from  the 
xiphoid  process   obliquely  upward  and  laterally  along  the  anterior 
axillary  fold  to  the  arm,   encircling  the  areola  mammae  and  leaving 
it  in  situ, 

SUPERFICIAL  FASCIA-23 :3  5 
PLATYEMA  MUSCLE-24 : 54 
SUPRACLAVICULAR   NERVES-6S:17 

ANTERIOR  SUPRACLAVICULAR  NERVES-69:18     . 

MIDDLE  SUPRACLAVICULAR  NERVSS-69;19 

POSTERIOR  SUPRACLAVICULAR  NERVES-69:20 
ANTERIOR  CUTANEOUS  RAMI   OF" INTERCOSTAL  NERVES-70:8 

MEDIAL  MAMMARY  RAMJ~70:.9 
ANTERIOR  RAMI  OF  LATERAL   CUTANEOUF   RAMI  OF  INTERCOSTAL  NERVES   IV 
to  Vj>70:5 

POSTERIOR  RAMI   OF  LATERAL  CUTANEOUS  RAMI  OF  INTERCOSTAL  NERVES  IV 
to  VI-70:4 

LATERAL  MAMMARY  RAMI  OF  LATERAL  CUTANEOUS  RAMI  OF  INTERCOSTAL 
NERVES-70:6 

PERFORATING  RAMI   OF  INTERNAL  MAMMARY  ARTERY-48: 4.0-43 
LATERAL  CUTANEOUS  RAMI  OF  ANTERIOR  RAMI  OF  INTERCOSTAL  ARTERIES 
IV  to  VI-49:67 
TRIBUTARIES  OF  INTERNAL  MAMMARY  VEIN 

b.  Mamma-8C:5-.18 

4.  Anterior  thoracic  gall:  deep  fascia  and  pectoralis  major  muscles 

PECTORAL  FASCIA-2 5:22 

(STSRNALIS  MUSCLE) -2 4: 73 

PECTORALIS  MAJOR  MUSCLE-24: 74-77  Not  including  its  insertion. 

Exposed  by  removing  the.  pectoral  fascia  but  leaving 

intact  the  axillary  fascia. 

5.  Axillary  fossa,  and  structures  subjacent  to  the  pectoralis  ma; or  muscle 

a.  Structures  in  relation  to  the  base  of  the  axillary  fossa 
AXILLARY  FASClA-26:40 
INTERCOSTOBEACHIAL  NERVSS-70:7 
THORACODORSAL  NERVE- 69: 33 
THORACODORSAL  ARTSRY-4 9:10 
LATERAL  THORACIC  ARTSRY~49:7 
LONG  THORACIC  NERVE- 69:2 8 
AXILLARY  LYMPH  GLANDS- 56:45 


SUPERIOR  EXTREMITY  5. 

b.  Structures  exposed  by  the  reflection  of  the  clavicular  part  of 

the  pectoral is  jaa  jor  ana  sis 
Demonstrated  by  detaching  the  clavicular  part  of  the  pectoralis 
major  muscle  at  its  origin  and  reflecting  it  toward  its  insertion 
CORACOCLAVICULAR  FA5CIA-25 :23 
THORACOACROMIAL  ARTERY-49:2 

ACROMCAL  RAMUS-49:3 

ACROMIAI ,  NETWORK-49 : 4 

DELTOID  RAMUS-49 : 5 

PECTORAL  PAMI-49:6 
THORACOACROMIAL  VEIN- 54:27 
CEPHALIC  VEIK-54:37 
ANTERJ.OR  THORACIC  N£RVES-69:29 

c.  Structures  exposed  by  the  reflection  of  the  sternocostal  part 

of  "uhe  y?c. totalis  me. jar  muscle 
Demonstrated  by  dividing  the  sternocostal  part  of  the  pectoralis 
major  muscle  midway  between  its  origin  and  insertion  and  reflect- 
ing the  two  parts  medially  and  laterally  respectively. 
COPACOCLAV[CU/..;..R  FASCIA- 25:23 
PECTORALIS  LilNOR  MUSCLE»24:78 

d-  Contents  of  the  superior  par  i,   of  +he  axillary  fossa 

Exposed  by  removing  the  portion  of  the  coracoclavicular  fascia 

extending  between  the  clavicle  and  the  superior  margin  of  the 

pectoralis  minor  muscle, 

AXILLARY  ARTERY-48:70         Its   first  part. 

AXILLARY  VEINS-54:29 

BRACHIAL  PLEXTJ5- 69:24 

MEDIAL  C0RD^69:39 

LATERAL  C0RD-69:38 

POSTERIOR  C0RD-69:40 
LYMPH  GLANDS 

e.  Contents   of  the  inferior  part   of  the  axillary  fossa 

Exposed  by  removing  the  fascia  and  fax  inferior  to  the  pectoralis 

minor  muscle, 

AXILLARY  ARTERY -48: 70         Its  third  part. 

'      MEDIAN  NERVE- 6 9:48 

MUSCULOCUTANEOUS   NSRVE~69:41 

MEDIAL  AN7IBRACHTAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE-69:45 

AXILLARY  VEIN-54:29     ■ 

MEDIAL  BRACHIAL  CUTANEOUS  N5RVE-69:44 

ULNAR  NERVE-69:55 

f.  Structures   in  relation  to   the  medial  rail   of  the  axillary  fossa 
INTERCOSTCBRACHIAL  NERVSS-70:7 

LONG  THORACIC  NERVE- 69:2 8 
LATERAL  THORACIC  ARTERY-49:7 
PECTORAL  LYMPH  GLANDS-56:47 

g.  Structures   in  relation  to   the  posterior  wall   of  the  axillary  fossa 
THORACODORSAL  NERVE-69:33 

SUBSCAPULAR  ARTERY-49:9 

THORACODORSAL  ARTERY-4  9 : 1 0 

CIRCUMFLEX  SCAPULAR  ARTSRY-49:11  Origin  only. 


Siyftiica    KXSHEHITX  6. 

SUBSCAPULAR  MERl?ES-69*32 
SUBSCAPULAR  LYIvIRR  GLANDS-p5S:46 

h.  Axillary  vessels 

The   exposure   of   the   entire   extent  of  these  vessels  may  be 
completed  by  the   reflection  of  the  pectoralis  minor  muscle, 
AXILLARY  ARTERY-48--70 

HIGHEST  THORACIC  ARTERY-49:! 
THORACOACROMIAL  ARTERY-49 :2 
LATERAL  THORACIC  ARTERY-49; 7 

EXTERNAL  MAMMARY  RAMI-49:8 
SUBSCAPULAR  ARTSRY~49:9 

THORACODORSAL  ARTERY-49 :10 
CIRCUMFLEX  SCAPULAR  ARTERY-49: 11 
ANTERIOR  CIRCUMFLEX  HUMERAL  ARTERY-49 :12 
POSTERIOR  CIRCUMFLEX  HUMERAL  ARTERY-49:13 
AXILLARY  VEIN=-54:29 

LATERAL  THORACIC  VEIN- 54:30 

THORACOEPIGASTRIC  VEINS-54:32 
COSTOAXILLARY  VEINS- 54 :31 
CEPHALIC  VEIN-54:37 

i.  Subclavius  nus'-'l 8-24:79 

j.  Brachial  -plexus 

Its  exposure  may  be  completed  -  i.e.  so  far  as  it  is  related 
to  the  axillary  fossa  -  by  detaching  the  subclavius  muscle  at  its 
insertion,  removing  the  middle  third  of  the  clavicle,  and  divid- 
ing the  axillary  artery  a.rA   vein  at  the  level  of  the  clavicle 
and  reflecting  them  distally. 
LATERAL  CORD- 53:38 

ANTERIOR  THORACIC  NERVE»69  :2  9 

MUSCULOCUTANEOUS  NSRVB-69 :41 

MEDIAL1  NSRVS-69:48       Lateral   head. 
MEDIAL  CORD- 6 9: 3 9 

ANTERIOR  THORACID  NERVE-69:29 

MEDIAN  NERVE- 69: 48   Medial  head. 

ULNAR  NERVE- 69:55 

MEDIAL  ANTEBRACHIAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE-69:45 

MEDIAL  BRACHIAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE- 69:44 
POSTERIOR  CORD~69:40 

£  UBS CAPULAR  NERVES- 69:32 

THORACODORSAL  NERVE-69:33 

AXILLARY  NERVS~69:34 
'RADIAL  NSRVE-69:65 

SUBCLAVIAN  NERVE- 59:30 

LONG  THORACIC  NERVE-69:28 

k.  Serratus  anterior  muscle-25:l 


SUPERIOR     EXTREMITY 
III .   Superior  Extremity:    general   characteristic?, 

1.  Subdivisions 

AXILLA-5:10       Cf .  Superior  Extremity,   11:1. 

ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  AXILLARY  FOLDS-5:ll,   12 
ACR0MI0N-5:13 
ARM-5:X4 

ANTERIOR  AKD  POSTERIOR  SURFAGES-5:15,   16 
LATERAL  AND  MSDIAL  SURFACES-5:1'7,   18 
LATERAL  AND. MEDIAL  BICIPITAL  SULCI-5:19,   20 
ELBOW- 5 :21 
FOREARM- 5:23 

DORSAL  AND  VOLAR  SURFACES- 5:23 ,   24 
RADIAL  AND  ULNAR  MAEGINS-5:25,   26 
HAND-  5. 2  7 

CARPUS  OR  ¥fflIST-5:2G 

METAGARPG5»5:29 

DORSUM  CF  FAND-5:30 

PALM  OR  VOLAR  ASPECT  OF  HAND-5:3l 

THENAR- 5 ;32 

HYP0THEKAR-5:33 

DIGITS   OF  HAND- 5:34 

THUMB   0R  P0LLEX-5:35 

INBSX-5:3  6 

MIDDIE  DIGIT-5:37 

RING  DIGIT~5:38 

3MAUE3T  DIGIT-5:39 

DORSAL  AND  VOIAR  SURFACES-5:4Q,   41 

RADIAL  AND  ULNAR  MARGINS- 5:42,   43 

2.  Regions   of   the   superior  extrenity-33 :37 

ACROMIAL  REGION- 83:3 8 

DELTOID  REGION- 83:3 9 

LATERAL  AND  MEDIAL  REGIONS   OF  ARI;j-83:40,   41 

ANTERIOR  ANT)  POSTERIOR  REGIONS  OF  ARM-83:42,   43 

ANTERIOR  REGION  OF  ELBOW- 33: 44 

CUBITAL  FOSSA-83:45 
POSTERIOR  REGION  OF  ELB0W-84:1 

OLECRANON  REGI0N-84:2 
LATERAL  AID  MEDIAL  REGIONS   OF  ELBOW- 84:3,   4 
VOLAR  AND  DORSAL  REGIONS   OF  FOREARM- 34: 5,    6 
RADIAL  AID  ULNAR  MARGINS   OF  FCREARM-84:7,    8 
DORSAL  AKD  VOIAR  REGIONS   OF  HAND- 84:9,   10 
DIGITAL  REGIONS   OF  HAND~84:11 
DORSAL,    UNGUICULAR  AND  VOIAR  REGIONS  OF  DIGITS-84:12-14 

IV.     Ririon  of  the     Shoulder. 


1,     Fascia,    cutaneous   nerves  and  cephalic  vein. 
SUPERFICIAL  FASCIA-23:3  6 

Exposed  by  reflecting  the  skin  of  the  shoulder  distally 
as   far  as   the   insertion  of  the   deltoid  muscle. 
POSTERIOR  SUPRACLA11CULAR  NERVES- 69:20 
LATERAL  BRACHIAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE-S9:36 
CEPHALIC  VEIN- 54:37 
DEEP  FASCIA 


SUPERIOR  EXTREMITY  8. 

SUBSCAPULAR  FASCIA-2  5 :41 
S  UPRASFINGUS  FASCIA-2 5 : 42 
INFRASPINGUS  FASCIA-2 5:43 

2.     Muscles,   ne ryes,    vessels  and  ligaments   of   the  shoulder 
DELTOID  MU3CLE-25:63 
SUBCUTANEOUS  ACROMIAL  3URSA-28:22 

The  subsequent   structures  are  exposed  by  detaching  the   deltoid 
muscle  at   its   origin  and  reflecting  the  muscle  toward  its 
insertion, 

SUBDELTOID  BURSA-28:24 
SUBACROMIAL  BURSA-28:23 

ANTERIOR  HUMERAL  CIRCUMFLEX  ARTERY-49:12 
POSTER.! OR  HUMERAL  CIRCUMFLEX  ARTERY-49:13 
AXILIARY  NERVE-69:34 

MUSCULAR  RAMI-69:35 

LATERAL  CUTANEOUS   NERVE  OF  THE  ARM-69:36 
TERES  MAJOR  MU3CLE-25:67 

BURSA  OF  THE  TERES  MAJOR  MUSCL£-28:28 
PECTORALIS  MAJOR  MUSCLE-24:74         Insertion  only. 
LATISSIMUS   D0R3I  MUSCIE-23:17  Insertion  only, 

BURSA  OF  THE  LATISSIMUS  DOESI  MUSCLS-23:29 
C0RACCACR0M1AL  LIGAMENT-19:42 
ACROMIOCLAVICULAR  ARTICULATI0N-I9 ;45 

ARTICULAR  CAPS ULE - 1 9 : 4 6 

ACROMIOCLAVICULAR  LIGAMENT~13:47 

ARTICULAR  DISC-I9;48 

C  ORACOCLA VI CULAR  LI GAMSNT-1 9:49 
TRAPEZOID  LIGAMENT-1 9 : 50 
CONOID  LIGAMENT-19:51 
The   following  muscles  are   exposed  by  sawing  through  the  acromion 
at  its    junction  with  the  spine  of  the  scapula,   dividing  the 
fascia  covering  the  teres  minor  muscle  and  reflecting  it 
medially,   but   guarding  at  the  same   time  the   circumflex  artery 
of  the   scapula, 
S UPRASPINOUS  MUS CLE-2  5 : 64 
TERES  MIIJOR  MUSCLE-25:66 
INFRASPINATUS  MUSCLE-2  5:55 
SUBSCAPUj  ARTS  MUSCLS-2  5 :  68 

BURSA  OF  TEE  SUBSCAPULARIS  MUS CLE-2 8:2 7 
In  demonstrating  the   following  structures  the   infraspinatous  and 
supraspixatcus  muscles  are   divided  near  their  insertions,   and 
both  muscles   reflected  toward  their   origins. 
BURSA  OF  THE   INFRASPINATOUS  MUSCLE-28:26 
TRANSVERSE  SCAPULAR  ARTERY-48:60 

ACROMIAL  RAMUS  -48 :  61 
TRANSVERSE  SCAPULAR  VEIN- 54:25 
SUPRASCAPULAR  NERVS-69:31 
CIRCUMFLEX  SCAPULAR  ARTEEY-49:11 
SUPERIOR  TRANSVERSE  SCAPULAR  LI GAMSNT-1 9:43 
INTERIOR  TRANSVERSE  SCAPULAR  LI  CAME NT-1 9:44 


SUPERIOR  EXTREMIST  9. 

V.  Arm  and  Saterf  icial  Structures  cf  the  Forearm 
~^  and.  D  '3rTii?r~'^±~:fT--ig  "HlJ-^T 

1.  Surface  anatorry  of  arm  and  forearm: 

LATERAL  BICIPITAL  SULCUS -5~  19 

MEDIAL  BICIPITAL  SULCU5-5:20 

MEDIAL  MARGIN  OF  THE  HUMERUS-14:4 

MEDIAL  EPICONDYLE- 14:11 

GROOVE  FOR  THE   UIJvAR  NERVE-14:8 

LATERAL  MARGIN  OF  THE  HUMERD5r14i5 

LATSFAL  EPIGGNDYLE-14:12 

0LECRAH0N~14:I9 

STYLOID  PROCESS   OF  THE  RADIUS-14:30 

DORSAL  MARGIN  CF  THE  ULNA-14:44 

STYLOID  PROCESS   OF  THE  ULNA-14:49 

2.  Arm   (anterior  aspect)   and   forearm:   superficial  structures 

a«   Cutaneous   nerves 

Skin  incisions:   a)   along  the  middle  line   of  the  anterior  surface 
of  the  arm  and  the  volar  surface  of  the  forearm  to  the  level  of 
the  radiocarpal  articulation;  b)   transversely  around  the   fore- 
arm just   proximal  to  the   radiocarpal  articulation. 
INTERCOSTOFRACHIAL  NERVSS-70:7 
MEDIAL  ANTIBRACHIAL  CUTANEOUS   NBRVE-69:45 
ULNAR  RAMUS -6 9:4? 
VOLAR.  RAMU3-63:46 
MEDIAL  BRACHIAL  CUTANEOUS   NERVE- 69: 44 
POSTERIOR  BRACHIAL  CUTANEOUS  NSRVE-69:66 
DORSAL  ANTIBRACHIAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE-69:63 
LATERAL  ANTIBRACHIAL  CUTAIEOUS  NERVE-69:43 

b.   Veins  and  lymphatics 
BASILIC   VZIN-54:38 
CEPHALIC  VEIN- 54 : 3 V 
MEDIAN  VEIN  OF  THE  ELBOW- 54:40 

In  cases  vhere   the  preceding  vein  is  absent,    the   following  veins 
may  take  its  place : 
MEDIAN  VEIN  OF  THE  FOREARM- 54: 41 
MEDIAN  BASILIC  VEIN- 54: 42 
MEDIAN  CEPHALIC  VEIN- 54: 43 
SUPERFICIAL  LYMPH  GLANDS   OF  THE  ELB0¥-56:49 

3.  Arm   (anterior  aspect):   deep  structures 

a.  Deep  fascia- 

ERACHIAL  FA5CIA-26:44 

LACERTU3  FIBROS US-2  5 : 73 

The  folio-wing  fascial  septa  are  demonstrated  by  dividing  the 

brachial  fascia  by   a  lonritudinal  incision  along  the  median  line 

of  the  front  of  the  arm  and  reflecting  the  medial  and  lateral 

flaps  of  deep  fascia,  leaving  intact,  however,  the  lacertus 

fibrosus. 

MEDIAL  INTERMUSCULAR  SEPTUM-36:45 

LATERAL  INTERMUSCULAR  SEPTUM-2  6:46 


SUPERIOR  EXTREMITY  10. 

b.  Arteries 

BRACHIAL  ARTERY-49:14 

DEEP  BRACHIAL  ARTERY-49:15 

SUPERIOR  ULNAR  COLLATERAL  ARTERY-49:20 

INFERIOR  ULNAR  COLLATERAL  ARTSRY-49:21 

c  Veins 

BRACHIAL  VEINS- 54: 34 
BASILIC  VEIN- 54:3 9 
CEPHALIC  VEIN- 54:37 

d.  Nerves 


MEDIAL  BRACHIAL  CUTANEOUS   NERVE-69:44 
MEDIAL  ANTIBRACHIAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE- 69:45 
MEDIAN  NERVE-69:48 
ULNAR  NERVS-59:55 
MUSCULOCUTANEOUS  NSRVE-69:41 

MUSCULAR  RAMI- 69:42 

LATERAL  ANTIBRACHIAL  CUTANEOUS   NERVE- 69: 43 

e.  Muscles 

BICEPS  BRACHII  MUSCLS-25:69 

LONG  HEAD-25:70       Not  including  its   origin. 

SHORT  HEAD-25:72 
CORACOBRACKIALIS  MUSCLE -2 5 : 74 

4.  Cubital  fossa-83:45 

The   following  structures  are  dealt  with  here   only  in  so  far 
as  they  are  related  to  the  cubital   fossa. 
BRACHIAL  ARTERY-49:14 

RADIAL  ARTERY-49:22 

ULNAR  ARTERY-49:36 
TENDON  OF  BICEPS  BRACHII  MUSCLE 
MEDIAN  NERVE- 69: 48 
BRACHIALIS  MUSCLE-25:75 
SUPINATOR  EUSCLE-26:24 

The  following  structures  are  exposed  by  dividing  the  lacertus 
fibrosus  and  widening  the  space  between  the  pronator  teres  and 
brachioradialis  muscles. 
RADIAL  NERVE-69-.65 

DEEP  RAMUS-69:69 

SUPERFICIAL  RAMUS-60:71 
RADIAL  RECURRENT  ARTERY-49:23 
INFERIOR  ULNAR  COLLATERAL  ARTERY-49:21 
ULNAT  RECURRENT  ARTERY-49:47  Velar. 

5.  Arm:  posterior  aspect 

TRICEPS  BRACHII  MUSGLE-25:76 

LONG  HEAD-25:77 

LATERAL  HEAD-25:78 

MEDIAL  HEAD-25:79 
RADIAL  NERVE-69:65 

Exposed  by  dividing  the  lateral  head  of  the  triceps  muscle 

along  the  course  of  the  radial  nerve. 

POSTERIOR  CUTANEOUS  NERVE  OF  THE  ARM- 69: 66 

MUSCULAR  RAMI- 69: 67 

POSTERIOR  CUTANEOUS  NERVE  OF  THE  FOREARM- 69: 68 


SUPERIOR     EXTREMITY  H« 

DEEP  BRACHIAL  ARTERY-49:15 

DELTOID  RAMUS-49:17 

MIDDLE   COLLATERAL  ARTERY-49:13 

RADIAL  COLLATERAL  ARTERY-49:19 

NUTRIENT  ARTERIES   OF  THE  HUMERUS-49:16 
ULNAR  NERVE- 69: 55 

SUPERIOR  ULNAR  COLLATERAL  ARTERY-49:20 
INFERIOR  ULNAR  COLLATERAL  ARTERY-49:21 
SUBTENDINOUS  BURSA  OF  THE   0LECRAN0N-28:32 

6.  Dorsum  of  the  hand:   superficial   structures 

Skin  incisions:   a)   along  the  radial   and  ulnar  margins   of  the 
hand;  b)   along  the  middle  line  of  the  dorsal  aspect  of   each  digit, 
SUPERFICIAL  RAMUS  OF  THE  RADIAL  NERVE- 69: 71 

ULNAR  ANASTOMOTIC  RAMUS-69:72 

DORSAL  DIGITAL  NERVES-69:73 
DORSAL  RAMUS   OF  THE  HAND  FROM  THE  ULNAR  NERVE-69:57 

DORSAL  DIGITAL  NERVES- 69: 53 
VENOUS  NETWORK  OF  THE  BACK  OF  THE  HAND- 54: 44 

DORSAL  METACARPAL  VEINS-54:49 
DIGITAL  VENOUS  ARCH- 54: 52 
DORSAL  FASCIA  OF  THE-  HAND-26:50 
DORSAL  CARPAL  LIGALENT~26:51 

7.  Forearm:   volar  aspect  and  ulnar  margin 

a.  Deep   fascia  and   cutaneous   nerves  piercing  it 

For  the   superficial   fascia  and   certain  cutaneous  nerves   of  the 

forearm,    see     Superior  Extremity,   V:2. 

FASCIA   OF  THE  F0REARM-26:49 

PALMAR  CUTANEOUS  RAMUS  OF  THE  ULNAR  NERVE- 69: 56 

PALMAR  RAMUS   OF  THE  MEDIAN  NERVE-69:51 

SUPERFICIAL  RAMUS   OF  THE  RADIAL  NERVE- 69: 71 

VOLAR  CARPAL  LIGAMENT-26:55 

__      b«  Radial  artery  and  nerve 

Exposed  by  turning  aside  the  volar  ramus  of  the  medial  cutaneous 
nerve  of  the  forearm,  the  lateral  cutaneous  nerve  of  the  forearm, 
the  superficial  veins,  and  removing  the  deep  fascia  of  the  fore- 
arm except  where  it  gives  origin  to  underlying  muscles. 
RADIAL  ARTERY-49:22 

RADIAL  RECURRENT  ARTERY-49:23 

SUPERFICIAL  VOLAR  RAMUS-49:26 

MUSCULAR  RAMI-49:24 

VOLARCCARPAL  RAMUS-4 9:25 
RADIAL  NERVE-69:65 

DEEP  RAMU3-59:69       Origin  only 

SUPERFICIAL  RAMUS- 5 9 : 71 

c.  Superficial  muscles 

BRACKIORDIALIS  MUSCLE-26:17 
PALMARIS  LONGUS  MUSCLE-26:7 
PRONATOR  TERES  MUSCLE-26:3 

HUMERAL  HEAD-26:4 

ULNAR  HEAD-26-.5 
FLEXOR  CARPI  RADIALIS  MUSCLE-2  6:5 
FLEXOR  CARPI   ULNARIS  MUSCLE-26:8 


SUPERIOR     EXTERMITY  *2 • 

HUMERAL  HEAD-26:9 
ULNAR  HSAD-26:10 
FLEXOR  DIGITORUM  SUBLIMIS-26:X1 
HUMERAL  HEAD-2  6:12 
ULNAR  HEAD-26:13 

d.  Ulnar  vessels  and  median  nerve 
ULNAR  ARTERY-4S:36 

RECURRENT  ULNAR  ARTSRIE5-49:37 

COMMON . INTEROSSEOUS  ARTERY-49 :3  9 

VOLAR  INTEROSSEOUS  ARTERY-49 :42        Origin  only. 
DORSAL  INTEROSSEOUS  ARTERY-49 :40     Origin  only. 

VOLAR  CARPAL  RAMUS -49:46 

DORSAL  CARPAL  RAMUS-49:45 

MUSCULAR  EAMI-49:44 
ULNAR  VEINS- 54:36 
ULNAR  NERVS-69:55 

PALMAR  CUTANEOUS  RAMI-69:56 

DORSAL  RAMUS   0?  THE-  HAND-69:57 

VOLAR  RAMUS   OF  THE  HAND- 69: 59        Origin  only. 

MUSCULAR  RAMI-60:64 
MEDIAN  NERVE-69:48 

Exposed  by  reflecting  the  humeral  head  of  the  pronator  teres 

muscle  and  the  radial  head  of  the   flexor  digitorum  sublimis 

muscle. 

MUSCULAR  RAi.II-69:49 

VOLAR  INTEROSSEOUS  NERVE  OF  THE  FCREARM-69:50     Origin  only. 

PALMAR  RAMUS  OF  THE  MEDIAN  NERVE-69:51       Origin  only. 

e.  Deep  structures   on  the  volar  aspect   of  the  forearm 
FLEXOR  DIGITORUM  PROFUNDUS  MUSCLE-26:14 

FLEXOR  POLLICIS  LONGUS  MUSCLE-26:15 
PRONATOR  QUADRATUS  MUSCLE-26:16 
VOLAR  INTEROSSEOUS  ARTERY-49: 42 

MEDIAN  ARTERY-49: 43 

MUSCULAR  RAMI-49:44 
VOLAR  INTEROSSEOUS  NERVE-69:50 

VI. i  Wrist  and  Hand:   Volar  Aspect 

1.  Surface  anatomy 

THENAR  EMINSNCE-5:32 

HYPOTHSNAR  EMINENCE-5:33 

TUBERCLE  OF  THE  NAVICULAR  B0NE-14:54 

TUBERCLE  OF  THE   GREATER  MULTANGULAR  B0NE-14:59 

PISIFORM  B0NE-14:57 

METACARPAL  BONES -14: 68 

PHALANGSS-14:74 

2.  Fascia  and   cutaneous   nerves 

Skin  incisions:   a)   longitudinally  along  the  middle  line   of  the 

palm;  b)   transversely  at  the  level  of  the  proximal  ends   of  the 

interdigital  clefts   from  the  radial  to  the  ulnar  margin  of  the 

hand;   c)  longitudinally  along  the  middle  line   of  each  digit. 

SUPERFICIAL  FASCIA-23:36 

PALMARIS  BREVIS  MUSCLE-2  6:29 

PALMAR  BRANCH  OF  THE  MEDIAN  NERVE- 69: 51 


SUPERIOR    EXTREMITY  13. 

PALMAR  CUTANEOUS  BRANCH  OF  THE  ULNAR  NERV3-69:5S 
SUPERFICIAL  BRANCH  OF  THE  RADIAL  NERVE-69:71 
PALMAR  APONEUROSIS-26:52 

TRANSVERSE  FASICULI-26:53 
VOLAR  CARPAL  LIGAMEBT-26:55 

3.     Muscles,   nerves,   vessels  and  ligaments 

a.  Nerves  and  vessels  superficial  to  the  muscles  and  flexor  tendons 

of  the  palm.  

Exposed  by  dividing  the  proximal  part  of  the  palmar  aponeurosis 

transversely,  reflecting  it  distally  and  then  removing  the  entire 

aponeurosis  together  with  the  palmaris  brevis  muscle  and  the 

volar  carpal  ligament. 

SUPERFICIAL  VOLAR  ARCH-49:48 

SUPERFICIAL  VOLAR  RAMUS  OF  THE  RADIAL  ARTERY-49:26 

COMMON  VOLAR  DIGITAL  ARTERIES-49:49 

PRCESB  VCLAR  DIGITAL  AR2ESrS-49:50 
MEDIAN  NERVE-69:48 

MUSCULAR  RAMI-69:49 
COMMON  VOLAR  DIGITAL  NERVES-69 :  53 
PROPER  VOLAR  DIGITAL  NERVES-69:54 
VOLAR  RAMUS  OF  THE  ULNAR  NERVE  IN  THE  HAND-69:59 
DEEP  RAMUS-69:63  Origin  only. 

SUPERFICIAL  RAMUS- 69: 60 

COMMON  VOLAR  DIGITAL  NERVES-69:61 
PROPER  VOLAR  DIGITAL  NERVES-69;62 

b.  Ligaments  and  mucous  sheaths  of  the  flexor  tendons 

TRANSVERSE  CARPAL  LIGAMENT-26:54  ' 

VAGINA  TENDINUM  MM.  FLEXORUM  C0MMUNIUM-28:48 
VAGINA  TENDINIS  M.  FLEXORIS  POLLICIS  L0NGI-28:49 
VAGINAL  LIGAMENTS   OF  THE  DIGITS-26:59 

ANNULAR  LIGAMENTS   OF  THE  DIGITS-26:60 

CRUCIATE  LIGAMENTS  OF  THE  DIGITS-26:61 
VINCULUM  TENDINUM-26:57 
CARPAL  CANAL-20:24 
CHIASlviA  TENDINUM-26:56 

c»  Muscles 

LUMBRICALES  MUSCLES-26:37 

Exposed  by  dividing  the  superficial  volar  arch  just  distal 
to  the  deep  ramus  of  the  ulnar  artery  and  also  at  its 
junction  with  the  superficial  volar  ramus  of  the  radial 
artery  and  reflecting  the  arch  distally,  dividing  the  median 
nerve  at  the  level  of  the  wrist  and  reflecting  it  distally 
and  dividing  tne  flexor  digitorum  sublimis  muscle  at  the  * 
middle  of  the  forearm  and  reflecting  the  distal  part  toward 
its  ^insertion. 
The  demonstration  of  the  following  structures  may  be  completed  by 
dividing  the  flexor  digitorum  profundus  in  the  forearm  and  reflec- 
ting it  and  the  lumbricales  muscles  toward  their  insertions 
noting  at  the  same  time  the  muscular  rami  from  the  deep  branch  of 

ABmrni^1"  nerVe  t0  the  tv*°   ta«*>  lumbrical  muscles. 

ABDUCTOR  POLLICIS  BREVIS  MUSCLE-26:30 
OPPONENS  POLLICIS  MUSCLE-26:32 
ADDUCTOR  POLLIS  MUSCLE 


BISSHKR    EXTREMITY  14* 

ADDUCTOR  POLLICIS  MUSCLE-2  6:33 
ABDUCTOR  DIGITI   QUINTI  MUSCLE-26:34 
FLEXOR  DIGITI    QUINTI  BRSVIS  MUSCLE-2  6 :3  5 
OPPONENS  DIGITI   QUINTI  MUSCLE-2 6:3 6 

d.  Herves  and  vessels,    internal   to  the   flexor  tendons  and  muscles 

DEEP  RAMUS   OF  THE  ULNAR  NERVE-69:63 

MUSCULAR  RAMI- 69: 64 
DEEP   VOLAR  ARCH-49:33 

VOLAP,  METACARPAL  ARTERIES -4 9:34 
PERFORATING  RAMI-49:35 
PRINGSPS  POLLICIS  ARTSRY-49:31 

Demonstrated  by  detaching  the  adductor  pollicis  muscle  at 

its   origin  and  reflecting  it  toward  its   insertion. 

VOLAR  RADIAL  ARTERY  OF  THE  INDEX  DIGIT-49:32 


VII.  Fore-g.ru:  D o r sal  Aspec t  and  Radial  Margin 


1.  Fascia,  muscles,  nerves  and  vessels 

a.  Deep  fascia  of  forearm 

For  the   superficial   fascia,    cutaneous  nerve3  and  superficial 
vessels,  see  Superior  Extremity,  V:2. 
FASCIA  OR  F0REARM-26:49 
DORSAL  CARPAL  LIGAMENT-26:51 

b.  Superficial  muscles 

Exposed  by  removing  the  deep  fascia  from  the  dorsum  of   the   fore- 
arm,   except  where  it   gives  origin  to  subjacent  muscles  as  in  the 
region  of  the  elbow  (retaining  intact,   however,   the  dorsal  carpal 
ligament) . 

BRACHI ORADIALI S  MUS  CLE-2  6 : 1 7 
EXTENSOR  CARPI  RADIALIS  LONGUS  MUSCLE-26:18 
EXTENSOR  CARPI  RADIALIS  BREVIS  MUSCLE-26:19 

BURSA  OF  THE  EXTENSOR  CARPI  RADIALIS  BREVIS  MUSCLE-28:43 
EXTENSOR  DIGITORUM  COMMUNIS  MUSCLE-26:20 
EXTENSOR  DIGITI   QUINTI  PROPRIUS  MUSCLE-26:22 
ANCONAE  US  MUS  CLE  -26:1 
EXTENSOR  CARPI  ULHARIS  MUSCLE-26:23 

c.  Nerves  and  vessels 

Exposed  by  dividing  the  extensor  digitorum  communis  and  extensor 
digiti  quinti  muscles  at  the  middle   of  the   fc rearm,   and  reflecting 
the  proximal  and  distal   segments   of   tins   divided  muscles   toward 
their   origin  and  insertion,    respectively. 
DORSAL  INTEROSSEOUS  ARTERY-49:40 

RECURRENT  INTEROSSEOUS  ARTERY-49:41 
ARTERIAL  NETWORK  OF  THE  ELB017-49:38 
VOLAR  INTEROSSEOUS  ARTERY-49:42 
DEEP  RAMUS   OF  THE  RADIAL  NERVE- 69: 69 

DORSAL  INTEROSSEOUS  NERVE-69:70 

d.  Deep  muscles 

ABDUCTOR  POLLICIS  LONGUS  IiUSCLS-2  6:25 


SUPERIOR  EXTREMITY  15* 


EXTENSOR  POLLICIS  BREVIS  MUSCLE-26:26 
EXTENSOR  POLLICIS  LONGUS  MU3CLE-26:27 
EXTENSOR  INDICIS  PROPRIUS  MUSCLE-25:28 
SUPINATOR  MUSCLE-26:24 


VIII.  Wrist  and  Hand:  Dorsal  Aspect 


Muscles,  nerves  and  vessels 


a.  Vessels 

For  the  cutaneous  nerves  and  superficial  vessels  see  Superior 
Extremity,  V:6. 
RADIAL  ARTSRY-49:22 

DORSAL  CARPAL  RAMUS-49:27 

DORSAL  CARPAL  RETE-49:28 

DORSAL  METACARPAL  ARTERIES-49:29 

DORSAL  DIGITAL  ARTERIES -4 9:30 
PERFORATING  RAMI-49:35 

b»  Muscles,    nerves  and   ligaments 
DORSAL   CARPAL  LIGAMENT-2 6 : 51 
JUNCTURAE  TENDINUM-26:21 
DORSAL  INTEROSSEOUS   NERVE-69:?0 

TRANSVERSE  LIGAMENTS   OF  THE  HEADS   OF  THE  METACARPAL  B0NES-20:41 
VOLAR  INTEROSSEOUS  MUSCLES-26:39 
DORSAL  INTEROSSEOUS  MUSCLES-26:38 
FLEXOR  POLLICIS  BREVTS  MUSCLE-26:31  Deep  head. 

Demonstrated  by  reflecting  the  radial  head  of  the  first 

dorsal  interosseous  muscle. 
FLEXOR  CAxRPI  RADIALIS  MUSCLE-26:6 


IX.     Articulations   of  the  Superior  Extremity 
1.     Shoulder   joint-19:58 

ARTICULAR  CAPSULE-19:59 
CORACOHUMERAL  LIGAMENT-1 9 : 61 
GLENOID  LIP-19:60 

LONG  HEAD  OF  THE  BICEPS  MUSCLE-25:70 
SYNOVIAL  MEMBRANE-18:32 
INTERTUBSRCULAR  MUCOUS  SHEATH-25:71 
BURSA  SUBSCAPULARIS-28:28 


2.     Elbow   ,joint-19:62 


ARTICULAR  CAPSULE-19:66 
ULNAR  COLLATERAL  LIGAMENT-19:67 
RADIAL  COLLATERAL  LIGAMSNT-19:68 
SYNOVIAL  MEJMBRANE-18:32 
HUMEROULNAR  ARTICULATION-1 9 :  63 
HUMERORADIAL  ARTICULATION-1 9 : 64 


3.      Joint   of  the  hand-20:8 


Radiocarpal  articulation-2Q:9 
ARTICULAR  CAPSULE-20:11 
DORSAL  RADIOCARPAL  LIGAMENT-2 0:12 


fUPF'JOa     EXTREMITY  16. 

VOLAR  RADIOCARPAL  LIGAMSNT-20:13 
ULNAR  COLLATERAL  CARPAL  LIGAMEKT-20:15 
RADIAL  COLLATERAL  CARPAL  LIGAHSMT-20:16 

b.  Intercarpal  articulation-20:10 

ARTICULAR  CAPSULE-20:11 
RADIATE   CARPAL  LIGAMENT-20:14 
DORSAL  INTERCARPAL  LIGAM3NTS-20:17 
VOLAR  INTERCARPAL  LIGAMENTS -20: 18 
INTEROSSEOUS  INTERCARPAL  LIGAMENTS-20:19 

4.  Pisiform  articulation-2Q:20 

ARTICULAR  CAPS ULE-2 0:21 

PISOHAMATE  LIGAMENT-20:22 
PISOMETACARPAL  LIGAMENT-20:23 
CARPAL  CANAL-20:24 

5.  Radioulnar  art! epilations 

PROXIMAL  RADIOULNAR  ARTICULATI0N-19:65 

ANNULAR  LIGAMENT  OF  THE  RADIUS-19:69 

RECESSUS  SACCIF0RMIS-20:1 
DISTAL  RADIOULNAR  ARTICULATI0N-20:4 

ARTICULAR  DISC-20:6 

ARTICULAR  CAPSULE-20:5 

RECESSUS  SACCIF0RMIS-20:7 
INTEROSSEOUS  MEMBRANE  OF  FQREARM-20:2 
OBLIQUE   C0RD-20:3 

6.  Carpometacarpal  articulations-20:25 

ARTICULAR  CAPS ULES-2 0:32 
DORSAL  CARPOMETACARPAL  LIGAMENTS-20:27 
VOLAR  CARPOMETACARPAL  LIGAMENTS-20:28 
CARPOMETACARPAL  ARTICULATION  OF  THE  THUMB-20:29 
ARTICULAR  CAPS ULE-2 0:30 

7„     Intermetacarpal  articulations-20:31 
ARTICULAR  CAPSULES-20:32 
DORSAL  BASAL  LIGAMENTS-20:33 
VOLAR  BASAL  LIGAMENTS-20:34 
INTEROSSEOUS  BASAL  LIGAMENTS-20:35 

8.  Metacarpophalangeal  articulations-20:37 

ARTICULAR  CAPSULES-20:38 

COLLATERAL  LIGAMENTS-20:39 

VOLAR  ACCESSORY  LIGAMENTS-20:40 

TRANSVERSE  LIGAMENTS  OF  THE  HEADS  OF  THE  METACARPAL  B0NES-20:41 

9.  Artie  illations   of  the   digits-2Q:42 

ARTICULAR  CAPS ULES-2 0:43 
COLLATERAL  LIGAMSNTS-20:44 


THORAX 


AND   DEEP   STRUCTURES   OF   THE   BACK 


THORAX  AND  DEEP  STRUCTURES  OF  THE  BACK  17. 


Sw'—*  fc-^WJi 


I.   General., Char acteristdcs 

1.  Subdivisions  of  thorax  and  back 

TH0RAX-4:47 

THORACIC  CAVITY-4:48 

BBEAST-4:49 

MAMMA»4:50 

MAMMARY  PAPILLA-4:51 
BACK~4:52 

VERTEBRAL  C0LUMN-4:53 

SPINAL  CANAL-4:54 

2.  Surface  anatomy 

For  the  surface  anatomy  of  the  thorax  and  back  see  Superior 
Extremity,  1:1  and  11:1. 

3.  General  osteological  characteristics  of  thorax 

THORACIC  CAVITY-7:58 

SUPERIOR  APERTURE  OF  THE  TH0RAX-7:'59 

INFERIOR  APERTURE   OF  THE   TH0RAX-7:60 

COSTAL  ARCKES~7:61 

INTSRCOS  TAX,  SPA  CES-7 :  62 

INFRASTERNAL  ANGLE-7:63 

4.  Regions   of  thorax-;  and  back 

For  regions  of  the  thorax  and  back  refer  to  Superior  Extremity, 
1:2, and  11:2. 


II.  Thoracic  Wall:  Anterior  and  Lateral  Parts 

Intercostal  muscles,   ligaments  and  nerves 

For  structures   of  the  thoracic  wall  external  to  the  costal  arches 
and  intercostal  muscles  see  Superior  Extremity,   11:3,   4. 

EXTERNAL  INTERCOSTAL  MUSCLES-25:5 
EXTERNAL  INTERCOSTAL  LIGAMENTS-19:32 
INTERNAL  INTERCOSTAL  MUSCLES-25:6 

Exposed  by  dividing  the  external  intercostal  muscles  and 

external  intercostal  ligaments  along  the  inferior  margins 

of  the  intercostal  spaces  and  reflecting  the  muscles  and 

ligaments  upward » 
INTERNAL  INTERCOSTAL  LIGAMENTS-19:33 
ANTERIOR  RAMI    (INTERCOSTAL  NERVES)    OF  THORACIC  NERVES-70:1 

MUSCULAR  RAMI-70:2 

LATERAL  CUTANEOUS  RAMI-70:3 

POSTERIOR  AND  ANTERIOR  RAMI-70:4,    5 
LATERAL  MAMMARY  RAMI-70:6 

INTERCOSTOBRACHIAL  NERVES-70:7 

ANTERIOR  CUTANEOUS  RAMI-70:8 
MEDIAL  MAMMARY  RAMI-70:9 


THORAX  18- 

2.     Blood  Vessels 

HIGHEST  INTERCOSTAL  ARTERY-4S:63 
INTERCOSTAL  ARTERIES-49:59 
ANTERIOR  RAMI-49:65 

MUSCULAR  RAMI-49:66 
LATERAL  CUTANEOUS  RAMI-49:67 
POSTERIOR  RAMI-49:68 
ANTERIOR  RAMI-50:l 
LATERAL  MAMMARY  RAMI-50:2 
ANTERIOR  CUTANEOUS  RAMI- 50: 3 
MEDIAL  MAMMARY  RAMI- 50:4 
POSTERIOR  RAMI-49;60       See  also  Superior  Extremity,   1:3. 
INTERCOSTAL  VEINS-54 : 5 6 
INTERNAL  'J-iAMMARY  ARTERY-48:34 

Exposed  by  removing  the  intercostal  muscles  and  ligaments 
from  the  anterior  ends   of  the   intercostal   spaces,    guarding 
against  injury  to  the  pleura. 
STERNAL  RAMI-48:39 
PERFORATING  RAMI-48:40 
MAMMARY  RAMI-48:41 
MUSCULAR  RAM-48:42 
CUTANEOUS  RAMI-43:43 
INTERCOSTAL  RAMI-44 : 45 
MUSCULOPHRENIC  ARTERY-44:46 

Exposed  by  cutting  away  the  medial   end   of  the   sixth 
costal  cartilage. 
SUPERIOR  EPIGASTRIC  ARTERY-44:47       Its   origin  only. 
INTERNAL  MAMMARY  VEIN-52:65 
TRANSVERSE  THORACIC  MUSCLE-25:8 


Ij.I  .  Thoracic  Cavity  and  Viscera 


1.  Pleura  and  pleural  cavities 

The  pleura  is  exposed  by  removing  the  intercostal  muscles, 
separating  the  pleura  from  the  internal  surfaces  of  the  sternum 
and  ribs,  and  with  a  saw  and  bone-forceps,  removing  the  sternum 
and  costal  arches  by  the  following  incisions,  but  retaining  the 
pleura  intact?  a)  transversely  through  the  sternum  at  the  level 
of  the  lower  margin  of  the  first  costosternal  juncxion;  b)  trans- 
versely through  the  sternum  at  the  level  of  the  upper  margin  of 
the  sixth  costosternal  junction;  c)  dividing  the  second,  third, 
fourth,  and  fifth  ribs  at  the  junction  of  the  middle  and 
posterior  thirds  of  each. 
ENDOTHORACIC  FASCIA-38:2 

The  pericardium  may  be  identified  by  inserting  the  finger  between 
the  lines  of  sternal  reflection  of  the  right  and  left  pleurae 
and  passing  it  through  the  areolar  tissue  of  the  anterior 
mediastinal  cavity. 

Incisions  through  the  pleura  exposing  the  pleural  cavity: 
a)  longitudinally  through  the  costal  pleura  midway  between  the 
sternum  and  vertebral  column  extending  from  the  first  to  the 
sixth  rib;  b)  transversely  along  the  inferior  margin  of  the  first 
rib  and  along  the  superior  margin  of  the  sixth  rib,  extending 


THORAX  19- 

medially  to  within  about  2  cm.  of  the  line  of  sternal  reflection 
of  the  pleura  and  laterally  to  the  line  of  the  cut  ends  of  the 
second  to  fifth  ribs, 

PULMONARY  LIGAlvENT-38:l6 
CUPULA  OF  PLEURA-38:5 
PULMONARY  PJ EURA-3  3 : 5 
PARIETAL  PLEURA-38:7 

COSTAL  PLEURA-38:ll 

MEDIASTINAL  PLEURA-38:8 

MEDIASTINAL  LAYERS-38:9 
PERICARDIAL  PLEURA-38:1C 

DIAPHRAGMATIC  PLEURA-38:12 
PLEURAL  SINUSES -3 8:13 

PHRENICOCOSTAL  SINUS-38:14 

COSTOMSDIASTINAL  SINUS-38:15 
ADIPOSE  F0LDS-38:17 

PLEURAL  VILLI-38:18 
MEDIASTINAL  SEPTLM-38:19 

ANTERIOR  MEDIASTINAL  CAVTTY-38:20 

POSTERIOR  MEDIASTINAL  CAVITY-38:21 


2 .     Lungs . 


The^lung  is  removed  by  dividing  its  root  close  to  the  medial 
surface  of  the  lung. 

a.  Surface  ana tomy__o f_lungs 
BASE  OF  LUNG-S7:57 
APEX  OF  LUNG-37:58 
COSTAL  SURFACE-37:60 
MEDIASTINAL  SURFACS~37:6l 
DIAPHRAGMATIC  SURFACE~37:62 
ANTERIOR  MARGIN-37:63 
INFERIOR  MARGIN-37;64 
HILUS   OF  LUNG-37:65 
ROOT  OF  LUNG-37:66 
SUBCLAVIAN  GROOVE-37:59 
INTERLOBAR  INCISURE-37:7I 
SUPERIOR  L0BE-37:68 
MIDDLE  LOBE-37:69 
INFERIOR  L0BE-37:70 
CARDIAC  N0TCH-37:67 

b^  Internal  structure   of  lun^a 
BR0NCHI-37:41  " 

Demonstrated  by  tearing  and  removing  parts   of  the   pulmonary 
tissue  and  following  the  bronchi  and  blood  vessels  and 
their  subdivisions  as  far  as  possible  into  the  substance  o* 
the  lung. 

BR0NCHI0LES-37:74 
RESPIRATORY  BR0NCHI0LES-37:75 
ALVEOLAR  DUCTULES~37:76 
PULMONARY  ALVS0LI-37:77 
BRONCHIAL  LYMPH  GLANDS-37:78 
BRONCHIAL  LYMPHATIC  N0DULBS-37:79 
PULMONARY  LYMPH  GLANDS-37:80 


THORAX  20. 

3.  Root  of  lung  and  related  structures 

a.  Structures   in  relation  to  the  right  and  left  roots 
Anterior: 

ANTERIOR  PULMONARY  PLEXUS   OF  THE  VAGUS  NERVE- 68:4 5 

PHRENIC  NERVE-69:21 

PERICARDIACOPHRENIC  ARTERY-48:38 
Posterior: 

VAGUS  N3RVE-68:22 

POSTERIOR  PULMONARY  PLEXUS  OF  THE  VAGUS   NERVE- 68:46 
Inferior: 

PULMONARY  LIGAMENT-3S:16. 
In  relation  to  the  right  root  only: 

AZYGOS   VEIN- 54: 53 

SUPERIOR  VENA  CAVA-52:50 
In  relation  to  the  left  root  only: 

AORTIC  ARCH-46:49 

DESCENDING  A0RTA-46:51 

b.  Structures  vithin  the   root  of   each  lung 
BRONCHIAL  ARTERIES-49: 53 

PULMONARY  ARTERY-4  6:40 

RIGHT  AND  IEFT  RAMI-46:41,   42 
PULMONARY  VEINS - 52 : 3  7 

RIGHT  AND  LEFT  PULMONARY  VEINS-52:38,   39 
BRONCHUS,   RIGHT  AND  LEFT-37:47 
BRONCHIAL  RAMI-37:48 

EPARTERIAL  BRONCHIAL  RAMUS-37:49 
HYPARTERIAL  BRONCHIAL  RAMI-37:50 
BRONCHIAL  LYMPH  GLANDS-56:52 

4.  Phrenic  nerve  and  nerves  to  the  superficial  part  of  the  cardiac  plexus 

PHRENIC  NERVE-69:21    ■   ■ 

PERICARDIAC  RAMUS-69:22 

PHRENICCABDOMINAL  RAMI-69:23 
Nerves  in  relation  to  the  superficial  part  of  the  cardiac  plexus! 
SUPERIOR  CARDIAC  NERVE-71:59       From  the   cervical  sympathetic. 
INFERIOR  CARDIAC  RAMUS-6S:37       From  the  left  vagus  nerve. 
CARDIAC  GANGLI0N-72:ll 

5.  Thvmus-38:3l 

Usually  in  a  condition  of  atrophy  in  the  adult,   but  shov/ing  the 
following  structures   in  the   child: 
RIGHT  AND  LEFT  LGBES-38:32 
CENTRAL  TRACT-38:33 
LOBULES  OF  THE  THYMUS-33:34 

6.  Peridardium 

STERNOPERICARDIAL  LIGAMENTS-45:43 

Incisions  exposing  the  pericardial  cavity:  a)  longitudinally 

through  the  pericardium  from  the  aorta  to  the  diaphragm; 

b)  transversely  from  the  middle  of  the  right  to  the  middle  of 

the  left  root  of  the  lung. 


THORAX  21- 

PERICARDIUM-45.T41 

EPJCARDIUM«45:45 

PERICARDIAL  FLUID»45:42  _ 

TRANSVERSE  SINUS   OF  THE  PERICARDlUM-*45:44 

7.  Great  veins   of  the  the  rax  and,  their  tributaries. 

SUPERIOR  VENA  CAVA-52:50 

RIGHT  AND  LEFT  INNOMINATE  VEINS-52:51 

INFERIOR  THYREOID  VEINS-52:52        Termination  only.    • 

THYPEOIDEA  IMA  VEIN-52:53 

The   first  five    of  the  following  tributaries  are  small 

and  usually  difficult  to  demonstrate: 

fir/MIC  VEINS -52:56 

PERICARDIAC  VEINS-52 :57 

SUPERIOR  PHRENIC  VEINS»52:58 

ANTERIOR  MEDIASTINAL  VEINS-- 52 :  59 

ANT3R.I OR  BRONCHIAL  VEINS - 52 : 60 

VERTEBRAL  VEIN- 52: 63  Termination  only. 

INTERNAL  MAMMARY  VSIN~52:65 

HIGHEST  INTERCOSTAL  VEIN-52:68 
AZYGOS  VEIN- 54: 53 
INFERIOR  VENA  CAVA-55:3 

8.  Heart  and  aorta 

a.  Surface  anat ony_ 
APEX  OF  rHrT»45:36 
STERNOCOSTAL  SURFACE-45 : 34 
DIAPRRAGMATI C  S  URFACE-4  5 : 3  5 
RIGHT  ATRCUM.-46;i 

RIGHT  AURICLE-46:7 
LEFT  ATRIIM-46:26 

LEFT  AUEICIJE-4  6  :2  7 
RIGHT  VENTRICLE -46:13 
LEFT  VENTRICLE-46:29 
CORONARY  SULCUS -4 5:40 
ANTERIOR  LONGITUDINAL  SULCUS-45:38 
POSTERIOR  LONGITUDINAL  SULCUS-45:39 
NOTCH  AT  APEX  OF  HEART-45:37 

b.  Nerve  and  vascular  supply 

RIGHT  CORONARY  ARTERY  OF  THE   HEART-46:52 

POSTERIOR  DESCENDING  RAMUS -4 6: 53 
LEFT  CORONARY  ARTERY  OF  THE  H3ART--46:54 

CIRCTWFLEX  RAMUS-46:55 

ANTERIOR  DESCENDING  RAMUS-46:56 
CORONARY  SINUS- 52:41 

GREAT  CARDIAC  VEIN- 52  :42 

POSTERIOR  VEIN  OF  LEFT  VENTRICLE-52:43 

OBLIQUE  VEIN  OF  LEFT  ATRIUM- 52: 44 

MIDDLE  CARDIAC  VEIN- 52:46 

SMALL  CARDIAC  VEIN -55 =47 
ANTERIOR  VEINS   OF  THE  HEART- 52:48 
SMALLEST  VEINS    OF  THE, HEART- 52 $4 9 
ANTERIOR  CORONARY  PLEXUS -72 *10 
POSTERIOR  CORONARY  PLEXUS-72:i2 


THORAX  22. 

c.  Cavities   of   the   heart.     Pulmonary  vessels 
RIGHT  ATRIUM-46:!' 

Incisions   exposing  the   cavity  nf  the   right  atrium: 

a)   longitudinally  from  a  point    just  anterior  to  the 

superior  vena   cava,    downward  and  backward  to  the   inferior 

vena,  cava;   b)    from  the  middle  point  of  the  preceding 

incision  obliquely  upward  to  the  tip  of  the  right  auricle. 

EPICARDIUM-45:45 

MY0CARDJUM-45:46 

END0CARDIUM-45:47 

SULCUS  TERMINALIS   OF  RIGHT  ATRIUM-46 :3 

CRISTA  TERMINALIS-46:4 

SINUS   VENARUM     CARVARUM  -46:5 

PECTINATE  MUSCLES-46:2 

INTERVENOUS   TUBERCLE -46:8 

SEPTUM  OF  THE  ATRIA-45:54 

MEMBRANOUS  PART-4  5 : 5  5 
FOSSA  OVALIS-46:].0 

LIMBUS  FOSS.AE   0VALIS-46:6 
VALVE   OF  THE  INFERIOR  VENA  CAVA-46:9 
VALVE   OF  THE  CORONARY  SINUE-46:11 
VENOUS   CRIFICE»45:56 

FORAMINA  OF  THE  SMALLEST  CARDIAC  VEINS-46:12 
RIGHT  VEMTRICLE-46:13 

Incisions   exposing  the   cavity  of  the   right  ventricle: 

a)    from  the  diaphragmatic  surface   of  the  heart  upward  jr  cm. 

to  the   right   of  and  parallel  with  the  anterior  longitudinal 

sulcus  to  the   origin  of  the  pulmonary  artery;  b)    from  the 

upper  end  of  the  preceding  incision  transversely  to  the 

right,   parallel  with  and  1  cm.  inferior  to  the  coronary 

sulcus. 

CONUS  ARTERI0SUS-46:19 

SUPRAVENTRICULAR  CREST-46:18 

VENOUS  0RIFICE-45:56 

TRICUSPID  VALVE-46:14 

ANTERIOR  CUSP-46:15 
POSTERIOR  CUSP-46:16 
MEDIAL  CUSP-46:17 
PAPILLARY  MUSCLES-45:60 

CHORDAE  TENDINAS-45:61 
TRABSCULAE   CARI3EAE-45:58 
PULMONARY  ARTERY-46:40 

RIGHT  AND  LEFT  RAMUS -4 6: 41,   42 

LIGAMENTUM  ARTSRIOSUM-46 :44 

DUCTUS  ARTERI0SUSx-46:43 
ARTERIAL  ORIFICE^  RIGHT  VENTRICLEJU45:57 

SEMILUNAR  VALVES   OF  PULMONARY  ARTERY-46:20 

ANTERIOR,   RIGHT,   AND  LEFT  SEMILUNAR  VALVES-46:21,23 
NODULES   OF  THE  SEMILUNAR  VALVE3-46:24 
LUNULAE   OF  THE  SEMILUNAR  VALVES-46:25 
LEFT  ATRIUM-46 :2 6 

The  cavity  and  vascular  communications  of  the  left  atrium  are 
exposed  by  dividing  the  inferior  vena  cava,   turning  the  heart 
upward  and  making  an  incision  through  the  left  atrial  wall 
extending  from  the  middle   of  its  posterior  margin  forward  to 
the  tip  of  the  left  auricle. 


THORAX  23 . 

VALVE   OS'  THE  FORAMEN  0VALIS-46:28 
LEFT  VENTRICLE-46:29 

Inciscions   exposing  the   cavity  of  the  left  ventricle: 
a)   beginning  near  the  coronary  sulcus  anteriorly  and  extend- 
ing parallel  and  1   cm.   to  the   left   of   the  anterior  longituniel 
sulcus  to  the  apex  of  the  heart;  b)   beginning  posteriorly  near 
the  coronary  sulcus  and  extending  parallel  and  1  cm.  to  the 
left  of  the  posterior  longitudinal  sulcus  and  joining  the 
end  of  the  first  incision  at  the  apex  of  the  heart. 
TRABECULAE   CARNEAE-45:58 
PAPILLARY  MUSCLES-45:60 
CHORDAE  TENDINEAE-45:61 
VENOUS   0RIFICE-45:56 
ARTERIAL  0RIFICE-45:57 
BICUSPID  VALVE-46:30 

ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  CUSPS-46:31,   32 
VENTRICULAR  SEPTUM-45:49 

MUSCULAR  SEPTUM  OF  VENTRICLE-45 : 50 

MEMBRANOUS  SEPTUM  OF  VENTRICLE-45: 51 

d.  Aortq  and  its   branches 
ASCENDING  A0RTA-46:46 

BULB  OF  A0RTA-46:47 

SINUS   OF  A0RTA-46:48 

RIGHT  AND  LEFT  CORONARY  ARTERIES -4 6: 52 ,    54 
AORTIC  ARCH-46:49 

■  ISTHMUS   OF  A0RTA-46:50 

INNOMINATE  ARTERY-46 : 57 

(THYREOIDEA  IMA.  ARTERY) -46: 58 

COMMON  CAROTID  ARTERY  £lEFT}-46:  50 

SUBCLAVIAN  ARTERY  £lEFt} -48:20 
DESCENDING  AORTA  ^THORACIC  P0RTI0$-46:51  Origin  only. 

SEMILUNAR  VALVES   OF  A0RTA-46:33 

RIGHT,   LEFT  AND  POSTERIOR  SEMILUNAR  VALVES-46 '-34-36 

NODULES  AND  LUNULAE   OF  THE  SEMILUNAR  VALVES-46 :37.  38 

e.  Myocardium  and   fibrous   rings   of  the   heart 

The  subsequent  structures  are  exposed  to  better  advantage  after 
the  great  blood  vessels  have  been  divided  near  their  juncture 
with  the  heart  and  the  heart  removed. 
ATRIOVENTRICULAR  BUNDLE      OF  HIS 

Demonstrated  more   favorably  in  the  sheepfs  heart. 
FIBROUS  RINGS-45:63 

Exposed  by  removing  the  atria  of  the  heart. 

FIBROUS  TRIG0NES-45:62 

f .  Cardiac  plexus 

For  the  superficial  part  of  the  cardiac  plexus,  see  111:4. 

The  following  nerves  entering  into  the  formation  of  the  deep  part 

of  the  cardiac  plexus  are  exposed  by  dividing  the  aortic  arch  at 

its  junction  with  the  descending  aorta  and  turning  aside  the 

aortic  arch. 

MIDDLE  CARDIAC  NERVE  OF  SYMPATHETIC  SYSTEM-71:61 

INFERIOR  CARDIAC  NERVE   OF  SYMPATHETIC  SYSTSM-71:64 

SUPERIOR  CARDIAC  NERVES   OF  VAGUS-68:34 

(DEPRESSOR  NERVE) -68:3 5 
INFERIOR  CARDIAC  RAMI   OF  THE  RECURRENT  NERVE-68'37 
CARDIAC  PLEXUS-72:9 


THORAX  24< 

9.  Trachea  and  bronchi 

BRONCHIAL  LYMPH  GLANDS-56:52 
TRACHEA--37:41 

BIFURCATION  OF  THE  TRACHEA-37:46 

RIGHT  AND  LEFT  BR0NCHI-37:47 
BRONCHCESOPHAGEAL  MUSCLE^32:72 

10.  Posterior  mediastinal   cavity  and  structures  within  it 

POSTERIOR  MEDIASTINAL  CAVITY-38:21 

The   following  structures   are   exposed,    so   far  as   they  are   in 

relation  to  the   posterior  mediastinal   cavity,    by  making  a 

longitudinal  incision  through  the   posterior  wall   of  the 

pericardial   cavity  and  reflecting  the   pericardium. 

VAGUS   NERVE-68:?2 

RECURRENT  NERVE-63:36 

ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  BRONCHIAL  RAMI- 68: 43,   44 

ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  PULMONARY  PLEXUSES-68:45,   46 
Cf.  Thorax,   m:3. 
OESOPHAGEAL  RAMI-68;47 

ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  OESOPHAGEAL  PLEXUSES-68:48,   49 
THORACIC  PART  OF  OESOPHAGUS-32 :68 
THORACIC  A0RTA-59:51 

VISCERAL  RAMI-49:52 

BRONCHIAL  ARTERIES -4  9 : 53 
OESOPHAGEAL  ARTERIES-49:54 
PERICARDIAC  RAMI-49:55 
PARIETAL  RAKI-49:56 

MEDIASTINAL  RAMI-49:57 
SUPERIOR  PHRENIC  ARTERIES-49:58 
INTERCOSTAL  ARTERIES-49:59 
THORACIC  DUCT-56:25 
POSTERIOR  MEDIASTINAL  LYMPH  GLANDS-56:54 

IV.     ThcracXc  Wall:     Posterior  Part 


1.  Thoracic   part   of   the   sympathetic   nervous   system 

Exposed  by  removing  the  parietal  pleura   from  the  posterior  part 
of  the  thoracic  wall. 
S YMPATHETI C  TRUNK-71 : 3  0 
THORACIC  GANGLIA-72 :2 

RAMI   COMMUNICANTES-68:72 
GREAT  SPLANCHNIC  MERVE-72:3 

SPLANCHNIC  GANGLION- 72 :4 
SMALL  SPLANCHNIC  HERVE-72:5 
(LOVEST  SPLANCHNIC  NERVE) -72: 7 

2.  Structures   in  relation  to   the   internal   surface   of  the   posterior 

thoracic  wall 

SUBCOSTAL  MUSCLES-2  5:7     Not  constant  in  degree   of  development. 
INTERNAL  INTERCOSTAL  MUSCLES-25:6 
INTERCOSTAL  ARTERIES-49:59 
HIGHEST  INTERCOSTAL  ARTERY-48:63 
INTERCOSTAL  NERVES-70:! 


TH08AX  25* 

INTERCQgSAL  VSPS-54 :  56 
AZYGOS  VEXN-54:53 

HEMIAZYGOS  VEIN- 54: 54 

The  following  veins  are  variable  in  their  relationship  and 

degree  of  development: 

ACCESSORY  HEMIAZYGOS  VEIN-54:55 

OESOPHAGEAL  VEINS-54:59 

POSTERIOR  BRONCHIAL  VEINS-54:60 


V.  Deep  Structures  of  the  Back 

1.  Posterior  serrati  muscles  and  the  lumbodorsal  fascia 

For  the  muscles  and  related  structures  external  to  the  posterior 

serrati  muscles,  see  Superior  Extremity,  1:3,  4. 

For  the  structures  of  the  back  of  the  neck  see  Head  and  Neck, 

IV:2-4. 

SERRATUS  POSTERIOR  SUPERIOR  MUSCLE-23 :22 

SERRATUS  POSTERIOR  INFERIOR  MUSCLE-23 :21 

LUMBODORSAL  FAS CIA-2 4 : 5 

A  longitudinal  incision  through  its  posterior  layer  and  a 
medial  displacement  of  the  subjacent  sacrospinalis  muscle 
exposes  its/ ani^rior' -layer.  A  longitudinal  incision  through 
this  anterior/ layer  close  to  its  attachment  to  the  tips  of 
the  transverse  processes  and  a  medial  displacement  of  the 
lateral  margin  of  the  subjacent  quadra tua  lumborum  muscle 
exposes  the  transversalis  fascia. 

2.  Intrinsic  muscles  of  the  back.^- 

For  the  corresponding  muscles  of  the  neck  see  Head  and  Neck,  IV:3. 
SACROSPINALIS  MUSCLE-23 :2 5 

ILIOCOSTALS  MUSCLE-23  :2  6 

Demonstrated  by  successive  lateral  eversions  of  its 
inferior,  middle  and  superior  subdivisions,  guarding 
the  nerves  and  vessels  emerging  between  the  iliocostalis 
and  the  longissimus  dorsi  muscles. 
ILIOCOSTALIS  LUMBORUM  MUSCLE-23 :2 7 
ILIOCOSTALIS  DORSI  MUSCLE-23 ;28 

ILIOCOSTALIS  CERVICIS  MUSCLE-23 :2 9    Origin  only. 
LONGISSIMUS  MUSCLE-23 :30 

LONGISSIMUS  DORSI  MUSCLE-23 :31 

LONGISSIMUS  CERVICIS  MUSCLE-23 :32    Origin  only. 
LONGISSIMUS  CAPITIS  MUSCLE-23 :44   Thoracic  origin  only. 
SPINALIS  MUSCLE-23 :45 

SPINALIS  DORSI  MUSCLE-23 :46 
SEMISPINALIS  MUSCLE-23 :49 

Exposed  by  removing  the  spinalis  dorsi  muscle  and  reflecting 
the  longissimus  dorsi  muscle  laterally. 
SEMISPINALIS  DORSI  MUSCLE-23: 50  ■ 

SEMISPINALIS  CERVICIS  MUSCLE-23: 51   Thoracic  portion  only. 
MULTIFIDUS  MUSCLE-23: 53 

Demonstrated  by  detaching  the  semispinalis  muscle  at  its 

insertion  and  reflecting  it  laterally. 

•*■  Many  of"  the  structures  indicated  in  sections  2  to  6  may  also 
te  demonstrated  as  exposed  in  a  cross  section  of  the  posterior 
xhoracic  wall  made  at  about  the  level  of  the  fourth  thoracic 


THORAX  26. 

ROTATORES  !viU5CLS-23:54 

Exposed  by  removing  the  multifidus  muscle,    guarding  against 
injury  to  thoracic  and  lumbar  nerves  and  vessels. 
ROTATGRES  LONGI  MUSCLE-23:55 
ROTATORES  BREVES  MUSCLES-23  :56 

The  following  muscles  are  not  as  well  developed  in  the  back  as 

in  the  neck: 

INTERSPIIJALIS  MUSCLES-23 :  57 

INTERTRANS VERII  MUSCLES-2 3:58 

INTSRTRANSVERSARII  MEDIALES  MUSCLES-23 : 60 
INTERTRANSYERSARII  LATERALES  MUSCLES-23: 59 

3.  Nerves  and  blood   vessels 

POSTERIOR  RAID   OF  THORACIC  NERVES-69:75 

LATERAL  CUTANEOUS  RAMI-69:76 

MEDIAL  CUTANEOUS  RAMI-69:77 
POSTERIOR  RAMI   OF  LUMBAR  NERVES-70:12 

MEDIAL  RAMUS-70H3 

LATERAL  RAMUS-70:14 
POSTERIOR  RAMI   OF  SACRAL  AND  COCCYGEAL  NERVES-70:18 
POSTERIOR  RAMI   OF  INTERCOSTAL  ARTERIES-49 : 60 

MUSCULAR  RAMI-49:62 

MEDIAL   CUTA:EOUS  RAMI-49:63 

LATERAL  CUTANEOUS  RAMI-49:64 
DORSAL  RALE  OF  THE  HIGHEST  INTERCOSTAL  ARTERY-43:64 
DORSAL  RAMUS   OF  LUMBAR  ARTERIES -50: 10 
DORSAL  RAMUS   OF  INTERCOSTAL  VEINS-54:57 

The  lumbar  veins  also  have  dorsal  tributaries   from  the  back 
comparable  to  the  dorsal  rami  of  the  lumbar  arteries. 

4.  Vertebral   canal:     blood-vessels   and  meninges 

The  contents   of  the  vertebral  canal  are  exposed  by  cutting 

through  the  laminae   of  the  vertebral  arches  close  to  the 

articular  processes,    dividing  the  ligamentum  flava  and  removing 

the  posterior  wall   of  the  vertebral   canal. 

LI GAMENTA  FLAVA-1 8:40 

SUPRASPINOUS  LIGAMENT-18:44 

INTERSPINOUS  LI GAMENTS-18 : 43 

Arteries  supplying  the  vertebral  column: 

SPINAL  RAMUS   OF  POSTERIOR  RAMI   OF  INTERCOSTAL  ARTERIES-49:61 

SPINAL  RAMUS   OF  LUMBAR  ARTERIES- 50: 11 
CAVUt:  EPIDURALE-65:42 
DURA  MATER  SPINALIS- 65:40 

SILUM  DURAE  MATRIS  SPINALIS -65: 41 
The   following  structures  are  exposed  by  making  a  median  incision 
through  the  dura,    guarding  against  injury  tc  the  subjacent 
arachnoidea . 
CAVUM  SUBDURALS-65:43 
PIA  MATER  SPITIALIS-65:54 
ARACHNOIDEA  SPINALIS-65:44 
CAVUM  SUBARACHNOIDEALE-65 :46 
LIGAMENTUI..I  D1NTICULATUM-65 :  55 


THORAX  27. 

5.  Spinal  cord:  nerves,  blood  vessels  and  surface  anatomy 

For  the  cervical  part  of  the  spinal  cord  see  Head  and  Neck,  IX:4. 

.  a.  Spinal  nerve s_ 

THORACIC  NERVES-69:74 

LUMBAR  K5nvSS-70:iO 

SACRAL  NSRVES-70:17 

COCCYGEAL  NSRVES-70:17 

CAUDA  EQUINA- 68: 74 

ANTERIOR  RC0T-68:67 

POSTERIOR  R00T-68:68 

FILIA  RADICULARIA-68:66 

SPINAL  GANGLION- 68 : 69 

ANTERIOR  RAMUS- 68: 70 

POSTERIOR  RAMUS-68:71 

RAMUS  MENINGEUS-68:73  Difficult  to  demonstrate. 

In  demonstrating  the  remaining  structures   of  the  spinal   cord, 

the  spinal  nerve  trunks  are   cut,   the  cord  divided  transversely 

at  about  the   level   of  the   first  thoracic  vertebra,   and  the  cord, 

and  its  membranes   removed   from  the  vertebral   canal. 

b.  Blood   vessels   of  the   spinal   cord.  Usually  difficult  to 

demonstrate. 

SPINAL  RAM  OF  POSTERIOR  RAMI  OF  INTERCOSTAL  ARTSRIES-49:61 

SPINAL  RAMI  OF  LUMBAR  ARTERIES -50: 11 

SPINAL  RAMUS  OF  ILIOLUMBAR  ARTERY-50:60 

SPINAL  RAMI   OF  LATERAL'  SACRAL  ARTERY- 50: 63 

INTERNAL  SPINAL  VEINS-55:2 

POSTERIOR  EXTERNAL  SPINAL  7EINS-55:1 

ANTERIOR  EXTERNAL  SPINAL   VEINS- 54: 70 

INTERVERTEBRAL  VEINS-54 : S9 

c.  Surface  anatomy  of  the  spinal   cord 
THORACIC  PART- 58:23 

LUMBAR  PART-58:24 

LUMBAR  ENLARGEMENT-58:25 
MEDULLARY  CONE- 58.. 2 6 

VENTRICULUS   TERMINALIS-58:28 
FILUM  TERMINALE-58:27 
ANTERIOR  MEDIAN  FISSURE-58:29 
POSTERIOR  MEDIAN  SULCUS-58:30 
ANTERIOR  LATERAL  SULCUS-58:31 
POSTERIOR  LATERAL  SULCUS-58:32 
POSTERIOR  INTERMEDIATE  SULCUS-58:33 
(ANTERIOR  INTERMEDIATE  SULCUS) -58:34 
FUNICULI  OF  THE  SPINAL  C0RD-58:45 

ANTERIOR  FUNICULUS-58:3  6 

LATERAL  FUNICULUS -58: 37 

POSTERIOR  FUNICULUS- 58:38 

6.     Spinal  cord:    internal   structure 

Demonstrated  by  making  transverse  sections   through  the   spinal 
cord  at  various   levels,, arid  in  some   instances   requiring  the 
aid  of  a  hand  lens. 


THORAX  28, 

a.  Gray  matter 
CENTRAL  CANAL- 58:40 
CENTRAL  GRAY  MATTER- 58: 41 
ANTERIOR  GRAY  COMMISSURE- 58: 43 
POSTERIOR  C0MMISSURE-58:44 
GRAY  COLUMNS- 58:45 

ANTERIOR  COLUMN-48 : 4  6 
LATERAL  C0LUMN-58:47 

RETICULAR  FORMATION- 58: 53 
POSTERIOR  C0LUMN-58:48 

NECK  OF  POSTERIOR  COLUMN- 58:49 

APEX  OF  POSTERIOR  COLUMN- 58: 50 

GELATINOUS  SUBSTANCE-58:51 

b.  Whi+.e   matter 

ANTERIOR  WRITE   C0MMISSURE-5S.42 
ANTERIOR  FUNICULUS-58:54 

ANTERIOR  CEREBROSPINAL  OR  PYRAMIDAL  FASICULUS-58:55 
LATERAL  FJNICULUS-59:2 

LATERAL  CEREBROSPINAL  OR  PYRAMIDAL  FASICULUS-59:3 

CEREBELLOSPINAL  FASICULUS-59 :4 
POSTERIOR  FTJNICULUS~59:7 

FASICULUS   GRACILIS-59:8 

FASICULUS   CUNEATUS-59:9 


VI ^Articulations  of  the  thorax 

1.  Sternocostal  articulaticns-19:2  5 

ARTICULAR  CAPSUIE-19:26 

INTERARTICULAR  STERNOCOSTAL  LIGAMENT-19:27 

RADIATE  STERNOCOSTAL  LIGAMENTS-19:28 

MEMBRANE   OF  STERNUM~19:29 

COSTOXIPHOID  LIGAMENTS-19:30 

INTERCHONDRAL  ARTICULATI0NS-19:34 

2.  Synchondrosis  sternalis-7:49 

3>     Costovertebral  articulations-19:12 

a.  Capitular  articulati ons-19:13 
ARTICULAR  CAPSULES-19:14 

RADIATE  LIGAMENT  OF  HEAD   OF  RIB-19:15 
INTERARTICULAR  LIGAMENT  OF  HEAD  OF  RIB-19:16 

b.  Coctotransverse  articulations -19: 17 

ARTICULAR  CAPSULES-19:18 
LIGAMENT  OF  TUBERCLE  OF  RIB»19:19 
LIGAMENT  OF  NECK  OF  RIB-19:20 
ANTERIOR  COSTOTRANSVERSE  LIGAMENT~19:21 
POSTERIOR  COSTOTRANSVERSE  LIGAMENT-19:32 
LUMBOCOSTAL  LIGAMENT»19;23 
COSTOTRANSVERSE  F0RAMEN~19:24 


THORAX  29. 

4.     Articulations   of  the  vertebral   column 

For  the  ligaments   in  relation  to   the  vertebral  arches,    see 
Thorax,   V:4. 

ANTERIOR'  LONGITUDINAL  LTGAMENT-18:4S 

POSTERIOR  LONGITUDINAL  LIGAMENT-18:47 

INTERVERTEBRAL  FIBROCARTILAGES-18 :3  7 

Tne  following  structures  may  be  demonstrated  by  dividing  the 

tnorax  at  about  the  level  of  the  fourth  thoracic  intervertebral 

disc,  and  making  incisions  through  the  disc: 

ANNUL US  FIBR0SUS-18:38 

NUCLEUS  PU?L0SUS-18:39 


MEAD       AND       NECK 


HEAD     ALT!     NECK  31. 

POSTERIOR  AURICULAR  VEIN~54s21 
OCCIPITAL  VEIN»54:2C 

3.  Scalp:      deeper  gtructnres 

a.  liuscles 

EPICRANIUS  MUSCLE-24:8 

FRONTAL  MUSCLE-24:9 

PROCERUS  MUSCLE-24;li 
OCCIPITALI S  MUS  CLE  -2  4 : 1 0 

AURICULARIS  ANTERIOR  LIUSCLE-24:20 

AURICULARIS  SUPERIOR  MUSCLE-24:21 

AURICUIARIS  POSTERIOR  MUSCLE-24:22 

GALEA  AP0NEUR0TICA-24:42 

PERICRANIUM-12  :16 

Exposed  by  dividing  the   galea  aponeurotica  by  two  incisions, 
about  4  cnu   in  length,    intersecting  each  other  at  right 
angles  at  the  vertex  and  reflecting  the  flaps,   identifying  at 
the  same  time  the  loose  areolar  connective  tissue  external 
to  it„ 

b.  Lymphatics 

OCCIPITAL  LULPH  GLANDS-55:35 
POSTERIOR  AURICULAR  GLANDS-56:36 
ANTERIOR  AURICULAR  GLANDS-56:37 

4.  Auricle   or  external   ear 

LOBULE   OF  THE  AURICLE-73:33 

TRAGUS-78:46 

INCISURA  INTERTRAGICA-78:49 

INCISURA  ANTERI0R-78:4-> 

CONCHA  OF  AURICLE-78:43 

CYlffiA   OF  C0NCHA-78:44 
CAJITY  OF  C0NCHA-78:45 
HSLIX-73:35 

CRUS  HELICISx^-78:36 

SPINA  HELICISXX-78:37 

CAUDA  HSLICISxx-78:38 
ANTHELIX-78:39 

Cm. . .  ANTHELICTSXx_78 :41 
FOSSA   TRIANGULARISXX.78C40 
(Tuberculum  auriculae)x:,c-78:50 
FOSSA  ANTHELIXxx-78 : 59 
EMINENTIA  CONCHAEXX_78:60 
EMINENTIA  SCAPHAEXX.78 : 61 
EMINENTIA  FOSSAE  TRIArJGULARISxx-78:62 

The  muscles  and  ligaments  of  the  external  ear-78: 67-74-  are 
exposed  by  removing  the  skin  from  the  auricle. 

II.  Intracranial  structures  in  relation  to  the  brain  and  cranial  wall 


1.  Structures  exposed  by  the  removal  of  the  calvaria 

The  calvaria  may  be  removed  by:  a)  making  a  median  longitudinal 
incision  through  the  galea  aponeurotica  and  pericranium,  extending 
from  the  glabella  to  the  external  occipital  protuberance,  and  refleci 
ting  the  two  flaps  laterally  to  the  level  of  the  temporal  lines; 


HEAD  AND  NECK  34. 

INTERNAL  CAROTID  ARTERY-47:68 
VERTEBRAL  ARTERY-48:21 
MIDDLE  MENINGEAL  ARTERY-47:50 

e.  Hvpohhvsis-62 :3Q 

Isolated  for  study  by  detaching  the  diaphragma  sellae  and 
removing  the  hypophysis  from  the  sella  turcica. 
ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  LOBES-62 :31,  32 

The  relations  of  its  lobes  may  be  further  examined  by  divid- 
ing the  hypophysis  in  the  sagittal  plane. 

To  retain  the  structure  in  the  floor  of  the  cranium  for  later 
study  the  cranial  cavity  may  be  filled  with  tow  or  gauze 
soaked  with  preservative  fluid,  the  calvarium  replaced  and 
the  scalp  flaps  stitched  in  position  over  it. 

III.  Structures  in  the   lateral  and  anterior  regions  ofjhg   neck 

1.  Surface  anatomy 

HYOID  B0NE-12:10 

GREATER  C0RNUA-12:13 
LARYNGEAL  PROMINENCE-3 6:19 
THYREOID  CARTILAGE-3  6:21 
CRICOID  CARTILAGE-3 6:3 5 
TRACKS A-3 7:41 

CAROTID  TUBERCLE   OF  THE   6th  CERVICAL  VERTEBRA-6:42 
JUGULAR  iiOTCH-7 :  54 
CLAVICLE-13 : 59 

MANDIBLE-11 : 60       Its  inferior  margin. 
MASTOID  PR0CESS-8:78 
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID  MUSCLE-24 : 55 

2.  Regions   of  the  neck 

ANTERIOR  REGIONS   OF  THE   NECK-82:24 

SUBMENTAL  REGI0N-82:25 

HYOID  REGI0N-82:26 

SUBHYOID  RSGI0N-82:27 

LARYNGEAL  RE  GI ON- 83 : 2  8 

THYREOID  REGI0N-82:2  9 

SUPRASTERNAL  REGION- 82 : 3  0 
JUGULAR  FOSSA-82:31 

S  UBMAXILLARY  REGI ON- 82 : 32 

CAROTID.  F0SSA-82:33 
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID  REGION-32:34 

LESSER  SUPRACLAVICULAR  D0SSA-82-'35 
LATERAL  REGIONS   OF  THE  NECK- 82 :36 

LARGER  SUPRACLAVICULAR  FOSSA-82:37 

OMOCLAVICULAR  TRIANGLS-82 :33 
POSTERIOR  REGIONS    OF  THE   NECK-82:3  9 

NUCHAL  REGI0N-32:40 

3.  Superficial   fascia,    platvsma .    veins  and  cutaneous   nerves 

Incisions  for  skin  reflection:  a)  in  the  middle  line  from  the  chin 
to  the  manubrium;  b)  from  the  middle  of  the  superior  margin  of  the 
manubrium  obliquely  upward  and  backward  along  the   sternocleido- 


S13A3   Ai*D   NECK  3  5. 

mastoid  musc3<?  to  the  mastoid  process;  c)  from  the  middle  of  the 

superior  margin  of  the  manubrium  laterally  along  the  clavicle  to 

the  a cr onion. 

SUPERFICIAL  FASCIA-23:36 

PLATYSMA  MU5CLE-24:54 

Tne  following  structures  are  exposed  by  reflecting  the  platysma 

upward : 

EXTERNAL  JUGULAR  VEIN- 54:19 

POSTERIOR  AURICULAR  VEIN--54:21 

ANTERIOR  JUGULAR  VEIN- 54:22 
SUPERFICIAL  CERVICAL  LYMPH  GLANDS-56:41 
LESSER  OCCIPITAL  NERVE-69:10 
GREAT  AURICULAR  NERVE-69.-.11 
CUTANEOUS  NERVE   OF  THE  NECK-69U4 

SUPERIOR  RAL/1I-69:15 

INFERIOR  RAMI~69:16 
SUPRACLAVICULAR  NE'RVES-69:17 

ANTERIOR  SUPRACLAVICULAR  NERVES- 69: 18 

MIDDLE   SUPRACLAVICULAR  NERVES- 69:19 

POSTERIOR  SUPRACLAVICULAR  NERVES-69:20 
CERVICAL  BRANCH  OF  THE  FACIAL  NERVE- 67: 62 

Cervical  fascia  and  sternocleidomastoid  muscle 

CERVICAL  FASCIA-24:70 

The  various  subdivisions  and  certain  deeper  relations  of 
the  fascia  can  as  yet  not  be  completely  exposed.  In  the 
region  of  tne  sternum  the  superficial  or  investing  layer  of 
the  cervical  fascia  divides  into  two  layers  and  encloses  a 
suprasternal  space  (sometimes  called  the  space  of  Burns)  which 
may  be  exposed  by  making  a  transverse  incision  through  the 
fascia  immediately  above  the  sternum  and  a  second  incision 
about  2  cm,  in  length  along  the  anterior  border  of  each 
sternocleidomastoid  muscle,  reflecting  the  fascial  flap  up- 
wards and  demonstrating  the  areolar  tissue,  content  of  the 
space  and  the  lower  parts  of  the  anterior  jugular  veins  and 
their  anastomoses. 

STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID  MUSCLE -2 4: 55 

Posterior  triangle  of  the  neck. 

The  following  contents  of  the  posterior  triangle  of  the  neck 
are  exposed  by  carefully  removing  the  cervical  fascia,  noting 
its  relations  to  the  omohyoid  muscle  and  the  chain  of  deep 
cervical  lymph  glands  along  the  posterior  margin  of  the 
sternocleidomastoid  muscle  and  confining  the  dissection  to 
the  triangle  and  its  two  subdivisions. 

a.  Occipital  triangle 

OCCIPITAL  ARTERY-47:22 

TRANSVERSE   CERVICAL  ARTSRY-48:67 

OCCIPITAL  VEIN- 54:20 

TRANSVERSE   CERVICAL  VEINS-54:28 

SUPRACLAVICULAR  NERVES-69: 17-20 

ACCESSORY  NERVE- 68: 57 

MUSCULAR  RAMI  OF  THE  CERVICAL  IJERVES  TO  THE  TRAPEZIUS  AND  LEVATOR 

SCAPULAE   MUSCLES. 

SUPERIOR  DEEP  CERVICAL  LYMPH  GLANDS-56:42 


HEAD     AND     NECK  36. 

b.   Supraclavicular  triangle 

This  triangle   has  also  been  designated  the  subelavius  triangle. 
Cf»  omoclavicular  trigone-82:38. 
INFERIOR  BELLY  OF  THE  OMOHYOID  MUSCLE-24:59 
PREVERTEBRAL  FASCIA-24:71 

The  following  structures  are  exposed  by  removing  the  prevertebral 
fascia. 

TRANSVERSE  CERVICAL  ARTERY-48 : 67 

TRANSVERSE  SCAPULAR  ARTERY-48: 60       Slightly  inferior  to  the  level 
of  the  triangle ,   strictly  speaking. 
SUBCLAVIAN  ARTERY-48 :20       Its  third  part. 
EXTERNAL  JUGUIAR  VEIN-54:19 
.  ANTERIOR  JUGUIAR  VEIN- 54: 22 
TRANSVERSE  CERVICAL  VEINS-54:28 
TRANSVERSE  SCAPULAR  VEIN- 54:2 5 

SUBCLAVIAN  VEIN- 54:2 6       Slightly  inferior  to  the  level   of  the 
triangle,   strictly  speaking. 
INFERIOR  DEEP  CERVICAL  LYMPH  GLANDS- 56:43 

c.  Supraclavicular  part  of  the  brachial   plexus-69:25 
POSTERIOR  THORACIC  NERVES -6 9:2 6 

DORSAL  SCAPULAR  NSRVE~69:27 

LONG  THORACIC  NERVE- 69:2  8 
ANTERIOR  THORACIC  NERVES-69:29 
SUBCLAVIAN  NERVS-69:30 
SUPRASCAPULAR  NERVE- 69:31 
THORACODORSAL  NERVE-69:33 
AXILLARY  NERVE-69:34 

d.  Muscles  in  floor   of  posterior  triangle 
SPLENDIUS   CAPITIS  MUSCLE-23:24 
LEVATOR  SCAPULAE  MUSCLE-23:20 
SCALENUS  MEDIUS  MUSCLE-24:67 
SCALENUS  POSTERIOR  MUSCLE-24:63 

Anterior  triangle 

The   following  structures   should  be   dissected  with  reference  to 
both  their  continuity  throughout  the  anterior  triangle  as  a  whole 
as  well  as  their  relations  to  its  three  subdivisions    (the 
submaxillary,    carotid  and  muscular  triangles),   removing  at  the 
same  time  the  cervical   fascia  but   guarding  against  injury  to 
nerves. 

a.  Submaxillary  or  digastric   triangle 

The   following  structures  may  be  identified  with  very  little  if 

any  dissection: 

SUBMAXILLARY  LYMPH  GLANDS -5 6:3 8 

SUBMAXILLARY  GLAND-31:11 

EXTERNAL  MAXILLARY  A RTERY-47: 13 

SUBMENTAL  ARTERYXX-47:16 
MYLOHYOID  RAMUS   OF  THE   INTERNAL  MAXILLARY  ARTERY  xx-47:48 
ANTERIOR  FACIAL  VEIN-53:70 
LINGUAL  VEINxx-53:6 
HYPOGLOSSAL  NERVE-68:60 
MYLOHYOID  NERVE-67:32 
MYLOHYOID  MUSCLE-24:51 
HYOGLOSSUS  MUSCLE -3 2 :3 


HEAD  AND  NECK  37. 

By  making  a  short  vertical  slit  in  the  byoglossus  muscle 
between  the  hypoglossal  nerve  and  the  tendon  of  the  digastric 
muscle  the  lingual  artery  may  be  exposed  at  a  point  where  it 
is  frequently  ligated. 

b.  Carotid   triangle 

COMMON  CAROTID  ARTERY-46:59 

In  determining  the  relations  of  the  carotid  artery  to  the  carotid 
sheath  of  the  cervical  fascia  it  will  be  observed  that  throughout 
the  greater  part  of  their  course  the  structures  within  the  carotid 
sheath  together  with  cervical  part  of  the  sympathetic  nerve-  trunk 
are  strictly  speaking  internal  to  the  sternocleidomastoid  muscle 
rather  than  within  the  carotid  triangle,  and  that  their  exposure 
consequently  involves  a  lateral  retraction  of  this  muscle. 
EXTERNAL  CAROTID  ARTERY-46:60 

SUPERIOR  THYREOID  ARTERY-46:61 
HYOID  RAMUS-46:62 
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID  RAMUS -4$ : 63 
SUPERIOR  LARYNGEAL  ARTERY-46:64 

LINGUAL  ARTERY-47:8 

EXTERNAL  MAXILLARY  ARTERY-47: 13 

STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID  ARTERY-47 : 21 

OCCIPITAL  ARTERY-47: 22 

ASCENDING  PHARYNGEAL  ARTERY-47 :4 
INTERNAL  CAROTID  ARTERY-47: 68 
INTERNAL   JUGULAR  VEIN-52:69 

LINGUAL  VEIN-53:6 

(SUPERIOR  THYREOID  VEINS) -53: 10 
COMMON  FACIAL  VEIN-53:69    ■ 

ANTERIOR  FACIAL  VEIN- 53: 70 

POSTERIOR  FACIAL  VEIN-54:6 
HYPOGLOSSAL  NERVE-68:60 

DESCENDING  RAMUS- 68: 61 

ANSA  HYP0GL0SSI~68:62 

THYREOHYOID  RAMUS- 68: 63 
ACCESSORY  NERVE-68:57        Its  external  ramus-68:59 
VAGUS   NERVE-68:22 

SUPERIOR  LARYNGEAL  NERVE-68:30 
EXTERNAL  RAMUS-68:31 
INTERNAL  RAMUS -68: 32 
CERVICAL  PART  OF  THE  SYMPATHETIC  TRUNK- 71: 34 

SUPERIOR  CERVICAL  GANGLI0N-71:35 

EXTERNAL  CAROTID  NERVES-71:45 

EXTERNAL  CAROTID  PLEXUS-71:46 
SUPERIOR  DEEP  CERVICAL  L'JMPH  GLAHDS-56:42 
LARYNX-36:18       Identified  without  dissection. 
PHARYNX-32:29     Identified  without  dissection. 
GLOMUS   CAR0TICUM-38:30 

c.  Muscular  triangle 
STERNOHYOID  MUSCLE-24:56 
STERNOTHREOID  MUSCLE-24:60 

NERVES  TO  THE  STERNOTHYREOID  AND  STERNOHYOID  MUSCLES 
EXTERNAL  RAMUS   OF  THE  SUPERIOR  LARYNGEAL  NERVE- 68: 31 
RECURRENT  NERVE -66:3  6' 
The   following  structures  are   identified  without  dissection: 


HEAD     AND     NECK  33- 

LARYNX-3  6:18 
TRACHEA-37:41 
THYREOID  GLAND-38:22 
0ESCPHAGUS-32:66 

Structures   in  relation  to  the  anterior  median  line   of   the   neck 


Note  the  relations  of  the   following  structures  to  the  muscular 
triangle  with  very  little,    if  any,    dissection: 

a.  Suprahyoid  region 

PLATYSMA  MUSCLE -24: 54    Already  exposed,  111:3. 

S  UPSRFI CIAL  FfiS  CIA-2 3:36 

ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  BELLIES  OF  THE  DIGASTRIC  MUSCLES-24:48,   49. 

The  submental  triangle  and  its   contents  are  situated  between 

them. 
MYLOHYOID  MUSCLES-24:51         Separated  by  a  raphe. 

b.  Infrahyoid  region 
HYOTKYREO'iD  MBMBRANE-3  6:34 
THYREOID  CARTILAGE-3 6:21 
CRICOTHYROID  LIGAMENT-3 5 :45 
CRICOID  CARTILAGE-3 6:3 5 
CBICOTHYREOiD  MUSCLES~36:78 
TRACHEAL  7: 41 

ISTHMUS  OF  THYREOID  GLAND-38:23 
(PYRAMIDAL  LOBE  OF  THYREOID  GLAND) -3 8:24 
INFERIOR  THYREOID  VEINS- 52: 52 

8.  Muscles  of  the  neck:  second  and  thrid  layers 

D^T GASTRIC  MUSCLE-24:47 
STYLOHYOID  MUSCLE-24 : 50 
OMOHYOID  MUSCLE-24: 57 
STERNOHYOID  MUSCLE-24: 56 
STERNOTHYREOID  MUSCLE-24 : 60 
THYREOHYOID  MUSCLE-24 : 61 

9;     Sternoclavicular  articulation-19:52 

Exposed  by  dividing  the   sternal  and   clavicular  heads   of   the 

sternocleidomastoid  muscle  and  reflecting  the  muscle  toward  its 

insertion. 

STERNOCLAVICULAR  LIGAMENT-1 9 : 55 

INTERCLAVICULAR  LIGAMENT-1 9 : 57 

COSTOCLAVICULAR  LIGAMENT-19:56 

ARTICULAR  CAPSULE-19:53 

ARTICULAR  DISC-1 9: 54 

10.  Root   of  the   neck 

a.  Muscles 

ANTERIOR  SCALENE  MUSCLE-24: 66 
MIDDLE  SCALENE  MUSCLE-24: 67 
POSTERIOR  SCALENE  MUSCLE-24: 68 

b.  Blood  vessels  and  lymphatics 

Many  of  the  following  structures  have  already  been  partly  exposed 
in  preceding  dissections  and  are   here  relisted  with  more   especial 


HEA3  AH9  NECK  39- 

reference  to  their  relations  to  the  root  of  the  neck. 

SUBCLAVIAN  ARTERY-48:20 

VERTEBRAL  ARTERY-48:21 
INTERNAL  MAMMARY  ARTERY-48:34 
THYREOCERVICAL  TRUNK-48 : 48 

INFERIOR  THYREOID  ARTERY-49:49 
ASCENDING  CERVICAL  ARTERY-48:55 
SUPERFICIAL  CERVICAL  ARTERY-48:59 
TRANSVERSE  SCAPULAR  ARTERY-48:60 
COSTOCERVI CAL  TRUNK-48 : 62 

HIGHEST  INTERCOSTAL  ARTERY-48:63 
DEEP   CERVICAL  ARTERY-48:66 
TRANSVERSE   CERVICAL  ARTERY-48:67 
RIGHT  AND  LEFT  INNOMINATE   VEINS-52:51 
INFERIOR  THYREOID  VEINS-52:52 
INFERIOR  LARYNGEAL  VEIN-52:55 
LOWEST  THYREOID  VEIN~52:53 
UNPAIRED  THYREOID  PLEXUS-52:54 
VERTEBRAL  VEIN-52:63 

DEEP  CERVICAL  VEINxx-52:64 
INTERNAL   JUGULAR  VEIN-52:69 

INFERIOR  BULB  OF  THE   JUGULAR  VEIN-52:70 
SUBCLAVIAN  VEIN-54:26 

THORACOACROMIAL  VEIN~54:27 
TRANSVERSE   CERVICAL  VEINS-54:28 
THORACIC  DUCT-55:25 
RIGHT  LYMPHATIC  DUCT-56:24 

c .  Nerves 


PHRENIC  NERVE-69;21 

VAGUS   NERVE-68:22 

CERVICAL  SYMPATHETIC  TRUNK-71:34    Its  lower  part. 

MIDDLE  CERVICAL  GAjNGLION-71:60 

INFERIOR  CERVICAL  GANGLIQN-71:62 

SUPERIOR  CARDIAC  NERVE-71:59 

MIDDLE  CARDIAC  NERVE-71:61 

INFERIOR  CARDIAC  NERVE-71:64 

ANSA  SUBCLAVIA-7l:63 

d.  Remaining;  structures  at  the  root  of  neck 
Structures  identified  without  dissection. 
SUMMIT  OF  PLEURA-38:5 
TRACHEA-37:41 
OESCPHAGUS-32 : 66 

11.  Cervical  plexus  and  viscera  of  thenttegk 

CERVICAL  PLEXUS-69:9 

The  following  organs  should  be  left  in  situ  for  later  reference: 

THYROID  GLAND-38:22 

ISTHMUS-38:23 

(PYRAMIDAL  LOBE) -3 8:24 

RIGHT  AND  LEFT  LOBES -3 8:2 5 

(ACCESSORY  THYREOID  GLANDS)-38:28       Also   designated 
parathyreoid   glands, 
TRACHEA-37:41 


HEAD     AND     NEGK  40* 


TRACHEAL  CARTILAGES  *3  7 : 42 
MEMBRANOUS  WALL-3  7 ;  44 
CERVICAL  PART  OF  0SS0PHAC-US-32  :  67 


IV.     Back  of  the  head  and  neck 

1.  Regions   of  the  back   of  the  head  and   neck 

PARIETAL  REGION-82 :4 
OCCIPITAL  REGION-82 : 5 
POSTERIOR  REGION  OF  THE  NECK-82:39 
NUCHAL  REGION-82 :40 

FOVEA   NUCHAE-83:l 

2.  Fascia,  superficial  nerves  and  vessels 

Incisions  for  skin  reflection:  a)  from  the  external  occipital 

protuberance  to  the  spine  of  the  vertebra  prominens;  b)  from  the 

spine  of  the  vertebra  prominens  laterally  on  each  side  to  the 

medial  border  of  the  acromion;  c)  from  the  external  occipital 

prptuberance  laterally  on  each  side  for  about  5  cm. 

SUPERFICIAL  FASCJA-23:3  6 

GREAT  OCCIPITAL  NERVE-69:6 

SMALL  OCCIPITAL  NSRVS-69:10 

OCCIPITAL  VEIN- 54:20 

(THIRD  OCCIPITAL  NERVE) -69: 7 

POSTERIOR  RAMI  OF  CERVICAL  NERVES  IV-VIII-69:2 

POSTERIOR  RAMUS  OF  GREAT  AURICULAR  NERVE~69:12 

The  following  structures  may  be  exposed  in  the  suboccipital 

triangle : 

FIRE?:  CERVICAL  NERVE-69:1 

VERTEBRAL  ARTERY-48:21    Its  third  part. 

3.  Muscles  in  relation  to  the  back  of  the  neck 

TRAPEZIUS  MUSCLE-23 :15  -  Its  cervical  part  only. 

LEVATOR  SCAPULAE  MUSCLE-23 :20 

Exposed  by  dividing  the  trapezius  muscle  at  its  origin  from 

the  superior  nuchal  line  and  external  occipital  protuberance, 

and  cutting  through  the  muscle  about  1  cm,  from  the  cervical 

vertebral  spines  and  reflecting  the  cervical  part  of  the 

muscle  laterally,  guarding  against  injury  to  underlying 

structures. 

The  following  structures  are  either  internal  to  the  levator 

scapulae  muscle  or  in  relation  to  the  superior  margin  of  the 

scapula. 

DESCENDING  RAMUS   OF  THE  TRANSVERSE   CERVICAL  ARTERY-48 : 69 

DORSAL  SCAPULAR  NERVE-69:27 

INFERIOR  BELLY  OF  OMOHYOID  MUSCLE-24:59 

TRANSVERSE  SCAPULAR  ARTERY-48: 60 

SUPRASCAPULAR  NERVE-69:31 

RHOMEOIDEUS  MINOR  MUSCLE-23 :19         Its   origin  only. 

In  demonstrating  the  following  structures  the  rhomboideus  minor 

muscle  should  be  detached  at  its   origin  and  reflected  laterally. 

FASCIA  NUCHAS-24:6 

LIGAMENTUM  NUCHAE-18:45 

SERRATUS  POSTERIOR  SUPERIOR  MUSCLE-23 :22 


J-IEAJ3     AND     NECK  41. 

In  demonstrating  the  following  two  muscles  the  serratus  posterior 

superior  muscle  snoull  be  detached  at  its  origin  and  reflected 

laterally. 

SPLENIUS   CAPITIS  i.USCLE-23  :24 

SPLENIUS   CERVICIS  MUSCLE-23  S2.3 

The   following  muscles   are   exposed  by  dividing  the  attachments   of 

the  splenius  capitis  and  splenius  cervicis  muecies  close  to  the 

spines   of  the  vertebrae  and  reflecting  the  muscles. 

ILIOCOSTALIS  CERVICIS  MUSCLE-23:29 

LONGISSIMUS   CAPITIS  MUSCLE-23:44 

SPINALIS  CERVICIS  MUSCLE-23,:  47 

SPINALIS  CAPITIS  MUSCLE-23:48 

In  demonstrating  the  following  two  muscles  the  longissimus  capitis 

should  be  detached  at  its  origin  and  reflected  toward  its 

insertion, 

SEMISPINALIS   CERVICIS  MUSCLE-23:51 

SEMISPINALS   CAPITIS  MUSCLE-23: 52 

MULTIFIDUS  MUSCLE-23: 53 

Exposed  by  detaching  the  semispinalis  capitis  muscle  from  the 
transverse  processes   of  the  cervical  vertebrae  and  reflecting 
the  muscle  toward  its  insertion.     Guard  the  vessels  and 
nerves  internal  to  the  muscle. 
ROTATERES  MUSCLES»23:54 

Exposed  by  removing  the  multifidus  muscle. 
ROTATERES   LONGI  MUCLES-23:56 
ROTATERES   BREVES  MUSCLSS-23 :57 
INTERSPINALS  MUSCLES-23 :  58 
RECTUS   CAPITIS  POSTERIOR  MAJOR  MUSCLE-23: 64 
RECTUS   CAPITIS   POSTERIOR  MINOR  MUSCLE~24:1 
OBLIQUUS   CAPITIS   SUPERIOR  MUSCLE-24:3 
OBLIQUUS   CAPITIS  INFERIOR  MUSCLE-24:4 

The  following  structures  are  in  relation  to  the  suboccipital  space 
or  triangle   formed  by  rectus   capitis   posterior  major  and  the 
oblique   capitis   superior  and   inferior  muscles. 
SUBOCCIPITAL  NSRVE-69-.5  Its  posterior  ramus. 

VERTEBRAL  ARTERY-48:21  Its   third  part   only. 

POSTERIOR  ARCH  OF  ATLAS-6:59 

4.     Deeper  blood  vessels  and  nerves   of  the  back  of  the  neck 

For  the  more   superficial  vessels  and  nerves   see  I :2c. 
OCCIPITAL  ARTERY-47:22 

MUSCULAR  RAMIXX«47:2  5 

RAMUS  DSS CENDENS  xx-47 :2  6 

MASTOID  RAMUS  xx~47 : 2  3 

AURICULAR  RAMUS xx~4? : 24 

OCCIPITAL  RAMIxx-47:28 
ASCENDING  CERVICAL  ARTERY-48:55 
DEEP   CERVICAL  ARTSRY-48: 66 
OCCIPITAL  VEIN- 54:20 

MASTOID  EMISSARY  VEIN-53:35 
DEEP   CERVICAL   VEIN-52:64 
POSTERIOR  RAMI   OF  CERVICAL  NERVES- 69:2 

MEDIAL  RAMI- 69: 3 

LATERAL  RAMI-69:4 


HEAD  AND  NECK  43. 

IUFRAORBITAL  RE3I0N-82:20 
BUCCAL  REGICN-82:19 
ZYGGMATIC  REGICN-82  :20 
PATROTIDEOMASSETERIC  REGION- 82  :21 
RETROMANDIBULAR  F0SSA-82:22 

3.  Fascia  and  parotid  gland 

Inciscions  for  skin  reflection:  a)  median  longitudinal  from  the 
forehead  to  the  tip  of  the  chin;  b)  from  the  anterior  median 
line  tra.nsversely  at  the  level  of  the  rima  palpebrarum,  encirc- 
ling the  eye,  and  extending  posteriori y  to  the  ear;  c)   trans- 
versely from  the  angle  of  the  mouth  to  the  posterior  border  of 
the  ramus  of  the  mandible. 
PAROTID  GLAND-31:13 

Exposed  by  removing  the  -oarotide ©masseteric  fascia. 

RETROMANDIBULAR  PRGCSSS-3l:14 

ACCESSORY  PAROTID  GLAND-31:15 

PAROTID  DUCT-3 1:16 

4.  Superficie.!  nerves  of  thei  face 

ANTERIOR  RAMUS  OF  THE  GREAT  AURICULAR  NERVS^-e^lS 

Branches  of  the  facial  nerve: 

Exposed  by  carefully  removing  the  parotid  gland,  a  part  at 

a  time.  The  exit  of  the  facial  nerve  from  the  stylomastoid 

foramen  is  exposed  by  cutting  amy  (with  saw  and  chisel)  ths 

free  projecting  part  of  the  mastoid  process,  guarding 

against  Injury  to  the  posterior  auricular  nerve. 

PAROTID  PLEXUS-67:57 

TEMPORAL  RAMI-67-.58 

ZYGOMATIC  RAMI-67:59 

BUCCAL  RAMI-67:60 

MARGINAL  MANDIBULAR  RAMU5-67:S1 

DIGASTRIC  RAMUS-67:54 

STYLOHYOID  RAMUS-67:55 

Branches  of  the   opthalmic  division  of  the  trigeminal  nerve: 
SUPRAORBITAL  IJERVE-66 :2 0 

FRONTAL  RAMUS-65:21  Of  the   frontal  nerve 

SUPRATROCHLEAR  NERVE-65:22 

ANTERIOR  NASAL  RAMI   OF  THE  NASOCILIARY  NSRVExx-66:28 
SUPERIOR  AID  INFERIOR  PALPEBRAL  RAMI  OF  THE  INFRATROCHLEAR 
NERVExx-66:34,   35 

Branches   of  the  maxillary  division  of  the   trigeminal  nerve: 
ZYGOMATICOTEMPORAL  RAMUS   OF  THE  ZYGOMATIC  NSRVE-66:41 
ZYGOMATICOFACIAL  RAMUS   OF  THE  ZYGOMATIC  IER'7E-56:42 
INFERIOR  PALPEBRAL  RAMI  OF  THE  INFRAORBITAL  NERVE- 66: 52 
EXTERNAL  NASAL  RAMI  OF  THE  INFRAORBITAL  NERVE-66:53 
SUPERIOR  LABIAL  RAMI  OF  THE  INFRAORBITAL  NERVE-65:55 

Branches   of  the  mandibular  division  of  the  trigeminal  nerve: 
BUCCINATOR  NERVE-67:13 

May  be   identified  at  this  sta.^e   of  the  dissection 
through  its  anastomoses  with  tfte   facial  nerve. 
AURICULOTEMPORAL  NERVE-57  C,i 
MENTAL  NERVE- 67: 33 


HEAD  AND  NECK  44. 

5„,  Superficial  blood  vessels  of  the  face 

Branches  of  the  external  carotid  artery: 

SUPERFICIAL  TEMPORAL  ARTERY-47:36 

PAROTID  RAMI-47:37 

TRANSVERSE  ARTERY  OF  FACE-47:38 

ANTERIOR  AURICULAR  RAMI-4'7:39 

ZYGOMATICOORBITAL  ARTERY-47:40 

MIDDLE  TEMPORAL  ARTERY-47:41 
INTERNAL  MAXILLARY  ARTERY-47:44  Its   origin  only. 

EXTERNAL  MAXILLARY  ARTERY-47:13 

INFERIOR  LABIAL  ARTERY-47:18 

SUPERIOR  LABIAL  ARTERY-47:19 

ANGULAR  ARTERY- 47:20 
POSTERIOR  FACIAL  VEIN  AND  ITS  TRIBUTARIES- 54: 6-9,    13,   14 
ANTERIOR  FACIAL  VEIN  AND  ITS  TRIBUTARIES-53: 70-77,    54:1-5 

6.  Muscles  of  the  face  and  front  of  head 

PLATYSMA  MUSCLE-24:54 
FRONTALIS  MUSCLE-24:9 
PROCERUS  MUSCLE -24: 11 
ORBICULARIS   OCULI  MUSCLE-24:16 

PARS  PALPEBRALIS-24:17 

PARS  GRIBTALIS-24:18 

PARS   LACRIMALIS-24:19 
NASALIS  MUSCLE-24:12 

PARS  TRANSVERSA-24:13 

PARS  ALARIS-24:14 
DEPRESSOR  SEPTI   NASI  MUSCLE-24:15 
ORBICULARIS   ORIS  MUSCLE-24:23 
QUADRATUS  LABII  SUPERIORIS  MUSCLE-24:28 

CAPUT  ZYG0MATICUM-24:29 

CAPUT  INFRA 0RBITALE-24:30 

CAPUT  ANGULARE-24:31 
ZYGOMATIC  MUSCLE-24:27 
RISORIUS  MUSCLE-24:26 
TRIANGULARIS  MUSCLE-24:24 
QUADRATUS  LABII  INFERIORIS  MUSCLE -2 4: 32 
CANINUS  MUSCLE-24:33 
BUCCINATOR  MUSCLE-24:34 

BUCCOPHARYNGEAL  FASCIA-24:43 
INCISIVI  LABII  SUPERIORIS  AND  INFERIORIS  MUSCLES-24:35,   36 

VI.   Structures   in  relation  to  the  temporal  and  infratemporal   fossae 

1.     Fascia,   muscles  and  vessels 

TEMPORAL  FASCIA-24:45 

ZYGOMATIC  AND  TEMPORAL  RAMI   OF  THE  FACIAL  NERVE-67:59„   58 

ZYGOMATICOFACIAL  AND  ZYGOMATICOTEMPORAL  RAMI   OF  THE  ZYGOMATIC 

NERVE- 66: 42,   41 

MIDDLE  TEMPORAL  ARTERY-47:41 

MASSETER  MUSCLE-24:38 

The  following  nerve  and  artery  may  be  exposed  as  they  pass  through 

the  mandibular  notch  by  detaching  the  temporal  fascia  from  the 


ZpAD  AND  NECK  45. 

zygomatic  arch,  with  a  saw  and  bone  forceps  dividing  the 
zygomatic  arch  immediately  anterior  and  posterior  to  the  origin 
of  the  masseter  muscle  (the  anterior  saw-cut  being  made  obliquely 
downward  and  anteriorly  connecting  the  anterior  ends  of  the 
superior  and  inferior  margins  of  the  arch),  and  carefully 
reflecting  the  detached  segment  of  the  zygomatic  arch  and  masseter 
muscle  (the  dissection  may  be  complicated  by  a  union  of  the 
masseter  and  temporal  muscles). 
MASSETER  NERVE-67:9 
MASSETERIC  ARTERY-47:54 
TEMPORAL  MUSCLE-24:3  9 

Exposed  by  dividing  the  masseteric  nerve  and  artery  and 
completing  the  reflection  of  the  masseter  muscle  toward 
its  insertion. 
The  deeper  structures  of  the  temporal  fossa  are  demonstrated  by 
removing  the  coronoid  process  of  the  mandible  by  a  cut  extending 
from  the  middle  of  the  incisure  mandibulae  downward  and  anterior- 
ly to  the  junction  of  the  ramus  with  the  body  of  the  mandible 
(making  the  incision  partially  with  a  saw  and  completing  the 
division  with  a  bone  forceps),  reflecting  the  coron.id  process 
and  the  attached  temporal  muscle  upward  (guarding  at  the  same 
time  against  cutting  the  buccinator  nerve),  and  with  the  handle 
of  a  scalpel  detaching  the  deeper  portion  of  the  temporal  muscle 
at  its  origin. 

ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  DEEP  TEMPORAL  NERVES-67:11,  12 
ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  DEEP  TEMPORAL  ARTERIESxx-47:56,  55 
MEDIAN  TEMPORAL  ARTERY-47:41 

ZYGOMATICOTEMPORAL  BRANCH  OF  THE  ZYGOMATIC  NERVEXX-66:41 
The  following  structures  in  the  infratemporal  fossa  are  more  fully 
exposed  by  removing  a  segment  of  the  ramus  of  the  mandible.  To 
this  end  two  incisions  may  be  made,  one  through  the  neck  of  the 
condyloid  process  of  the  mandible  and  a  second  transversely 
through  the  ramus  of  the  mandible  immediately  superior  to  the 
level  of  the  mandibular  foramen  (locating  the  level  of  the 
foramen  by  inserting  the  hand  of  a  scalpel  between  the  ramus  and 
the  subjacent  structures  and  carrying  it  downwards  until  its 
progress  is  arrested  by  the  vessels  and  nerves  entering  the 
foramen) .  In  the  case  of  both  incisions  the  cut  should  be  made 
through  the  lateral  table  of  the  bone  with  a  saw  and  the  incision 
completed  with  a  bone  forceps;  the  isolated  segment  of  the 
mandibular  ramus  is  removed  and  the  subjacent  nerves,  vessels 
and  muscles  exposed. 
EXTERNAL  PTERYGOID  MUSCLE-24:40 
INTERNAL  PTERYGOID  MUSCLE -2 4: 41 
BUCCINATOR  MUSCLE-24:34 

BUCCOPHARYNGEAL  FASCIA-24:43 

PTERYGOMANDIBULAR  RAPHE-32 : 52 
INTERNAL  MAXILLARY  ARTERY-47 :44*x  Its  first  and  second  parts 

DEEP  AURICULAR  ARTERYXX-.47-.45   J%s   origin  only. 

ANTERIOR  TYMPANIC  ARTERY**-47:46   Its  origin  only 

INFERIOR  ALVEOLAR  ARTERY-47:47 
MYLOHYOID  RAMUS-47:4S 

MIDDLE  MENINGEAL  ARTERY-47 : 50 

(ACCESSORY  MENIGEAL  RAMUS) -47: 51 

MASSETERIC  ARTERY-47 : 54 

POSTERIOR  AND  ANTERIOR  DEEP  TEMPORAL  ARTERY  -47:55,  5S 


HEAD  AND  NECK  46, 

PTERYGOID  tu-- •■iIxj:-47 :  57 

BUCCINATOR  ARTERYxx-47:58 

POSTERIOR  SUPERIOR  ALVEOLAR  ARTERY-47:59 

The  following  tributaries  of  the  posterior  facial  vein  are 

seldom  well  enough  preserved  to  be  satisfactorily  d«mans+,ra+.ed 

by  dissection: 

ARTICULAR  MANDIBULAR  VEINSXX-54:10 

STYLOMASTOID  VE IN**  - 54 : 12 

PTERYGOID  PLEXUS 54: 13 

TRANSVERSE  FACIAL  VEINX*-54:13 

2.  Mandibular  articulation-19:35 

ARTICULAR  CAPSULE-19:36 
TEMP  ORAMANDIBULAR  LIGAMENT-1 9:38 
SPHENOMANDIBULAR  LIGAMENT-1 9:3  9 
STYLOMANDIBULAR  LIGAHENT-19 : 40 
ARTICULAR  DISC-19:37 

Exposed  by  removing  the  temporomandibular  ligament. 

3 .  Nerves 

Tne  demonstration  of  the  following  nerves  is  completed  by 
disarticulating  the  condyloid  process  and  reflecting  it  together 
with  the  external  pterygoid  muscle  anteriorly,  guarding  at  the 
same  time  against  cutting  the  auriculotemporal  nerve. 
MANDIBULAR  KERVE-67:6 

SPINOSUS  NERVE- 67 : 7 
MASTICATOR  NERVE- 67 : 8 

MASSETERIC  NERVE- 67 : 8 

ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  DEEP  TEMPORAL  NERVES-67:11,    12 
BUCCINATOR  NERVE- 67: 13 
EXTERNAL  PTERYGOID  NSRVE-67:14 
INTERNAL  PTERYGOID  NERVE- 67:15 
AURICULOTEMPORAL  NERVE- 67:1 6 

NERVE   OF  THE  EXTERNAL  AUDITORY  MEATUS^-e?:!? 
RAMUS   TO  THE  TYMPANIC  MEMBRANEXX-67r.8 
LINGUAL  NERVE-67:23 
INFERIOR  ALVEOLAR  NERVE-67:32 

MYLOHYOID  *ERVE-67:32 
CHORDA  TYMFANI-67:64 

4.  Mandibular  canal-12 :3 

Exposed  by  removing   (by  means   of  a  saw,    chisel  and  bone   forceps) 
the   outer  compact  layer   of  the  mandible. 
INFERIOR  ALVEOLAR  ARTERY-4?:47 
MYLOHYOID  RAMUS-47:4S 
MENTAL  ARTSRY-47:49 
INFERIOR  ALVEOLAR  NSRVE-67:28 

INFERIOR  DENTAL  PLSXUS-67:2  9 

INFERIOR  DENTAL  RAMI- 67:2 9 
INFERIOR  GINGIVAL  RAIV2-67  :31 
MYLOHYOID  NERVE- 67: 32 
MENTAL  NERVE- 67: 33 

MENTAL  RAMI -67:33 
MENTAL  RAMI- 67: 34 
INFERIOR  LABIAL  RAMI-67:3  5 


HEAD     AND     NECK  47. 

VII.      Submaxillary  region 

1.  Superficial   structures   in  the   submaxillary  region 

With  the   exception  of  the    following  structures   the  more   super- 
ficial  structures   in  this   region  have  already  been  listed  in 
connection  with  the   submaxillary  or   digastric   triangle,    III :6a. 
DIGASTRIC  MU3CLE-24: 47-49 
STYLOHYOID  MUSCLE-24:50 
SUBMAXILLARY  GLAND-31:11       Its  superficial  part  only. 

2.  Deeper  structures   in  the   submaxillary  region 

MYLOHYOID  MU3CLE-24:51 

Exposed  by  dividing  the  anterior  belly  of  the  digastric 
muscle  near  its  attachment  to  the  mandible,    sawing  through 
the  mandible  slightly  lateral  to  the  median  plane   on  each 
side    (ho  as  to  leave   intact  the  attachments   of  the   genio- 
hyoid and   genioglossus  muscles),    and  everting  the   inferior 
border   of   the  lateral  part   of   the  mandible. 

LINGUAL  NERVS-67:23 

Exposed  by  dividing  the  mylohyoid  muscle  slightly  below  its 
origin  from  the  raylohyoid  line    of  the  mandible  and  along  the 
median  raphe,   and   reflecting  the  muscle  downward   over  the 
hyoid  bone,    guarding  at  the   same  time  against  cutting  the 
mucous  membrane   of  the  mouth. 
SUBLINGUAL  NERVExx-67:26 
LINGUAL  RAMI  xx- 67:27 

HYPOGLOSSAL  NERVE-68:60 
LINGUAL  RAMIx-68:64 

SUBMAXILLARY  GANGLION- 57 : 43 

COMMUNICATING  RAMI  WITH  THE  LINGUAL  NERVE-67:44 
SUBMAXILLARY  RAMI- 67 :45 

GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL  NERVE-68 : 8 

SUBMAXILLARY  GLAND-31:11       Its  deep  part. 
SUBMAXILLARY  DUDT-3H12 

S  UBLI NGUAL  GLAND-3 1 : 8 

MAJOR  AND  MINOR  SUBLINGUAL  DUCTS-31:9,    10 

HYOGLOSSUS  MUSCLE-32 :3 

STYLOGLOSSUS  MUSCLE-32: 5 

CH0NDR0GL05SUS  MU5CLB3«-32 :4 

GENIOGLOSSUS  MUSCLE-32 :2 

GENIOHYOID  MUSCLE-24:52 

LINGUAL  ARTERY-47:8 

Exposed  by  detaching  the  hyoglossus  muscle   from  the   hyoid 

bone  and  reflecting  it  upward 

DORSAL  RAMI   OF  THE  TONGUE  xx-47: 11 

SUBLINGUAL  ARTERYXX.47-.10 

DEEP  ARTERY  OF  THE  TONGUE xx_47; 12 

LINGUAL  VSIN-53:6 

STYLOHYOID  LIGAMSNT-18 : 54 

VIII.      Structures   in  relation  to   the  deeper  regions   of   the   neck 
and   base    ol    th^*~cTanium  ' 

Is Otic   ganglion,   tensor  veli  palatini,    stylopharvngeus  muscles 

OPTIC  GANGLION- 67:3 6 

Exposed  by  dividing  the  lingual  and  inferior  alveolar  nerves 


HEAD  AND  NECK  48. 

immediately  inferior  to  their  orfgins  and  carefully  dis- 
placing the  mandibular  nerve. 
Roots: 

A  SHORT  ROOT  FROM  THE  MANDIBULAR  NERVE xx 

A  LONG  ROOT,  .THE  LESSER.  SUPERFICIAL  PETROSAL  NERVE^- 

67:37 

A  SYMPATHETIC  ROOT  FROM  THE  PLEXUS   OF  THE  MIDDLE 

MENINGEAL  ARTERY** 
Branches  of  distribution: 

TENSOR  VELI  PALATINI  NFRVEXX  -67:38 

TENSOR  TYMPANI   NERVE**-67:39 
Communicating  rami: 

ANASTOMOTIC  RAMUS  Vi/ITH  THE  SPINOUS   NERVEXX_67:40 

ANASTOMOTIC  RAMUS  WITH  THE  AURICULOTEMPORAL  NERVExx. 

67:41 

ANASTOMOTIC  RAMUS  WITH"  THE  CHORDA  TYMPANI xx_67: 42 
TENSOR  VELI  PALATINI  MUSCLE-32:2  5 

Exposed  by  detaching  the  internal  pterygoid  muscle  from  the 
posterior  border  of  the  lateral  lamina  of  the  pterygoid 
process--8:61 
STYLOPHARYNGEUS  MUSCLE-32 :32 

Exposed  by  dividing  the  posterior  belly  of  the  digastric 
muscle  near  its  origin  and  reflecting  it  toward  its  attach- 
ment to  the  hyoid  bone,  cutting  through  the  external  carotid 
artery  just  inferior  to  its  termination,  dividing  the 
posterior  auricular  and  occipital  arteries  at  their  origins 
and  displacing  the  external  carotid  artery  anteriorly 
(guarding  against  injury  to  the  glossopharyngeal  nerve). 

2.  Blood  vessels 

INTERNAL  CAROTID  ARTERY-47:68 

In  completing  its  exposure  the  base  of  the  styloid  process 
may  be  divided  (with  a  bone  forceps)  and  the  styloid  pro- 
cess together  with  the  attached  muscles  reflected  downward 
and  anteriorly.  The  correlation  of  the  structures  at  the 
base  of  the  cranium  with  the  structures  previously  exposed 
in  the  floor  of  the  cranium  may  be  facilitated  by  removing 
the  calvarium  (guarding,  however,  against  drying  of  the 
cranial  floor) . 

In  demonstrating  the  superior  portion  of  the  cervical  part 
of  the  internal  carotid  artery,  the  pharyngeal  rami  of  the 
vagus  nerve  should  first  be  secured  and  the  following  four 
nerves  identified  in  the  interval  between  the  internal 
jugular  vein, -namely,  the  glossopharyngeal,  vagus,  accessory 
and  hyphglossal  nerves. 
ASCENDING  PHARYNGEAL  ARTERYxx-47:4 
ASCENDING  PALATINE  ARTERYXX~47;14 

TONSILLAR  RAMUS  OF  THE  EXTERNAL  MAXILLARY  ARTERYXX-47:15 
INTERNAL  JUGULAR  VEIN- 52: 69 

SUPERIOR  BULB  OF  THE  JUGULAR  VEIN- 52 :70 

LINGUAL  VEIN-53:6 

(SUPERIOR  THYREOID  VEINS)-53:10 

COMMON  FACIAL  V3IN-53:69 

By  slitting  open  the  inferior  part  of  the  internal 
jugular  vein  the  valve  situated  near  the  termina- 
tion of  the  vein  may  be  demonstrated. 


HEAD     AND     NECK  49. 

3.  Nerves 

GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL  NERVE- 68: 8 

LINGUAL  RAMI35* -68:21    '      Their   origin  only. 

TONSILLAR  RAMlx^-68:20 

S  TYLOPHARYNGE  AL  RAMUS  xx- 68 : 1 9 

PHARYNGEAL  RAMI305- 68: 13 

SUPERIOR  GANGLION-68:9 

PETROUS   GANGLI0N-68:10 

TYMPANIC  NERVE-68:11 

The   following  nerve  in  the  middle  cranial  fossa 
is   in  relationship  with  the   tympanic   nerve: 
LESSER  SUPERFICIAL  PETROSAL  NERVE-67:37 
VAGUS  NERVE-68:22 

GANGLI ON  JUGULARE- 68:23 

GANGLION  N0D0SUM-68:24 

The  following  rami  cannot  be  satisfactorily  demonstrated  in 

an  ordinary  dissection. 

MENINGEAL  RAMUS3™- 68:2  5 

AURICULAR  RAIvKJS^-eS-^e 

ANASTOMOTIC  RAMUS  WITH  THE  GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL  !ERVExx-68:27 

Review  the  following  rami: 

PHARYNGEAL  RAKE- 58:2 8 

SUPERIOR  LARYNGEAL  NERVE  AND  ITS  RAMI-68:30-33 

SUPERIOR  CARDIAC  RAMI- 68:34 

(DEPRESSOR  NERVE) -63:3 5 

RE  CURRENT  NERVE- 68:36 
ACCESSORY  NSRVS-68:57 

INTERNAL  RAMUS01  -68:58 

EXTERNAL  RAMUS- 68:59 
HYPOGLOSSAL  NERVE-68: 50 

The  demonstration  of  its  exit  from  the  hypoglossal  canal  is 

facilitated  by  dividing  the  internal  jugular  vein  5  cm.  belot 

the  base  of  the  skull  and  reflecting  it  upward. 

The  following  rami  have  already  been  exposed  in  preceding 

dissections: 

RAMUS  DES  CSNDE  KS - 68 : 61 

ANSA  HYP0GL0SSI-68:62 

THYRE  OHYOID  RAMUS- 6  8 : 63 

LINGUAL  RAMI- 68: 64 

4.  Sympathetic  trunk 


CERVICAL  PART  OF  THE  SYMPATHETIC  TRUNK-71:34 
SUPERIOR  CERVICAL  GANGLI 011-71:3 5 

JUGULAR  NERVEXX-71:3  6 

INTERNAL  CAROTID  NERVE  »t.71:37 

INTERNAL  CAROTID  PLEXUS™  -71:38 

EXTERNAL  CAROTID  NERVES3™  -71 :45 

EXTERNAL  CAROTID  PLEXUS3™ -71:46 

LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL  RAMI3™  -71 :  57 

SUPERIOR  CARDIAC  NERVE-71:59    - 
MIDDLE  CERVICAL  GANGLI0N-71:60 
INFERIOR  CERVICAL  GANGLI0N-71 : 62 

The  remaining  rami  and  plexuses    of  the   cervical   part   of  the 
sympathetic   system  are   indicated   in  -71:47-54,    56,    58,    65-6J 
RECTUS   CAPITIS  LATERALIS  MUSCLE*31 -24:2 


HEAD  AND  NECK  50. 

IX.  Structures  in  relation  to  the  cervical  part  of  the  vertebral  column 
and  thejppsts'rior  rtfart  cf  the  base  of  the  skull 

The  head  and  neck  may  be  divided  into  anterior  and  posterior  parts 
by:  a)  cutting  the  nerves  and  vessels  of  the  neck  at  the  level  of 
the  first  rib  and  forcibly  displacing  these  structures  together  with 
the  oesophagus  and  trachea  anteriorly,  a*.*ay  from  the  cervical 
vertebrae  and  exposing  the  periosteum  investing  the  base  of  the  skull 
between  the  pharynx  and  prevertebral  muscles;  b)  making  a  transverse 
incision  through  this  thick  periosteum  and  exposing  the  pars 
basilaris  of  the  occipital  bone;  c)  resting  the  floor  of  the  cranium 
upon  the  end  of  a  wooden  block  and  with  a  chisel  and  mallet  dividing 
the  pars  basilaris  along  the  line  of  the  preceding  incision  (direc- 
ting the  chisel  as  nearly  as  possible  at  right  angles  to  the  plane 
of  the  bone) ;  d)  making  two  saw-cuts  through  the  skull,  one  on  each 
side,  beginning  at  a  point  2  cm.  posterior  to  the  mastoid  process 
and  extending  obliquely  anteromedian y  to  a  point  immediately  post- 
erior to  the  jugular  foramen;  e)  with  a  chisel  comp.eting  the  divi- 
sion of  the  base  of  the  skull  by  an  incision  on  each  side  uniting 
the  end  of  the  preceding  chisel-cut  (c)  with  the  adjacent  end  of  the 
saw-cut  (the  incision  in  each  case  passing  medial  and  posterior  to 
the  jugular  foramen) ;  f )  dividing  any  remaining  intervening  soft 
pr.rts  and  completing  the  separation  of  the  anterior  and  posterior 
parts  of  the  head  and  neck.  The  hypoglossal  nerve  would  be  divided 
close  to  the  base  of  the  vkull  and  superior  to  the  ganglion  nodosum 
of  the  vagus  nerve,  but  all  other  cerebral  nerves  should  remain 
intact  and  be  carried  away  with  the  anterior  part  of  the  skull. 

1.  Muscles,  nerves  and  blood  vessels 

RECTUS  CAPITIS  LATERALIS  MUSCLExx-24:2  Previously  listed  in 
Section  X:4. 

RECTUS  CAPITIS  ANTERIOR  MUSCLE** -24: 65 

LONG-US  CAPITIS  MUSCLExx-24:64 

LONGUS  COLLI  MUSCLExx-24:63 

ANTERIOR,  MIDDLE  AND  POSTERIOR  SCALENE  MUSCLES-24:66-68  Their 
attachments  only. 

ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  INTERTRANSVERSE  MU3riESxx-23 : 62 ,  63 

CERVICAL  NERVES,  I-VIII-69:! 

Exposed  by  removing  the  prevertebral  and  scalene  muscles. 
ANTERIOR  RAl£E-69:8 
POSTERIOR  RAMI- 69:2 

VERTEBRAL  ARTERY-48:21 

Exposed  by  removing  the  intertransverse  muscles,  the  rectus 
capitis  lateralis,  the  obliquus  capitis  superior  and  the 
obliquus  capitis  inferior  muscles,  and  with  a  bone  forceps  cut- 
ting away  the-  anterior  tubercles  and  costal  portions  of  the 
transverse  processes  of  the  third  to  sixth  cervical  vertebral. 
SP  i  NAL  R&lEf*  -43 :22 

VERTEBRAL  VSIN-52:63 

2.  Articulations  of  the  cervical  vertebrae  III-VII 

INTERVERTEBRAL  EIBR0CARTTLAGES~-18:37 

FIBROUS  RING-IS :3 8 

NUCLEUS  PELPOS 05-18:38 
LIGAMENTA  FLAVA-18 :40 
ARTICULAR  CAPSULES-18:41 


HEAD     AND     ISCE  51. 

INTERTRANSVERSE  LIGAMENTS^ -18 142        Not  well  developed  in  the  neck. 

INT3RSPIN0US-  LIGAMENTS -18: 43 

LIGAMENTUM  NUCHA3-18:45 

ANTERIOR  LONGITUDINAL  LI@AMENT-18:46 

POSTERIOR  LONGITUDINAL  LIGAM3NT-I8:47 

3  .     Artie ulatl qnsT  g|_th 3  epistropheus,   atlas  and   occipital  bone 

ATLANTOOaiPPITAL  ARTICULATION--19:l 
ARTICULAR  CAPSULE-19:2 

ANTERIOR  ATLANTOOCIPPITAL  MEMBRANE -19:3 
POSTERIOR  ATLANTOOCIPPITAL  MEMBRANE-19:4 

ATLANTGEPISTROPHEAL  ART!CULATION-19:5 
ARTICULAR  CAPSULE-19:6 

TECTORIAL  MEM3EANE-19;11 

Demonstrated  by  removing  (with  a  bone   forceps)    the  posterior 
arches   of  the  atlas  and  epistropheus,   traking  a  saw-cut   on 
each  side   of   the   occipital  bone  extending  from  just  posterior 
to  the   jugular  process  and  occipital   condyle   to  the   foramen 
magnum,    detaching  the   squamous  portion  of  the   occipital  bone 
ani   removing  the  exposed  portion   of  the  dura  mater. 

CRUCIATE  LIGAMENT  OF  ATLA3~13:10 

Exposed  by  detaching  the  tectorial  membrane   from  the 
epistropheus  and  reflecting  it  upward. 
TRANSVERSE  LIGAMENT  OF  THE  ATLAsll9:9 

ALAR  LIGAM5KTS-19:7 

Demonstrated  by  detaching  the  vertical  part  of  the  cruciate, 
ligament  at  its  superior  attachment  to  the  occipital  bone  and 
reflecting  it  downward. 

APICAL  LIGAMENT  OF  THE  DSNS-13:8 

4.     Cervical  portion  of   the  vertebral   canal  and  spinal   cord 

The  contends   cf  the  cervical  portion  of  the  vertebral  canal  may  be 
exposed  by  cutting  away  all  the  muscles  still  remaining  attached  to 
the  spinous  processes  and  arches   of  the  cervical  vertebrae  and 
removing  the  laminae   of  the  vertebral  arches.     For  the  meninges 
and  related  structures,   see   Thorax,   Y:4. 
CERVICAL  NERVES -69:1 

ANTERIOR  ROOTS -68:67 

POSTERIOR  R00TS-68:63 

SPINAI ,  GANGLIA- 68 : 6  9 

ANTERIOR  RAMI -68:70 

POSTERIOR  RAMI-68:71 
SPINAL  RAMI  OF  THE   VERTEBRAL  ART£RY-48:22 
POSTERIOR  SPINAL  ARTERY-48:23 
ANTERIOR  SPINAL  ARTERY-48:24 
CERVICAL  PART  OF  SPINAL  C0RD-58:21 

CERVICAL  ENLARGEMENT-58:22 

For  surface  anatomy  and  internal   structure   of  the  Spinal  cord 

see  Thorax,   V:5. 


X.  Remaining  structures  in  the  anterior  part  of  the  head  and  neck 

See  Section  IX  for  division  of  the  head  and  neck  into  anterior  and 
posterior  parts. 


HEAP     AND     NECK  52. 

1.     Pharynx-32:29.   4: -'3 

a.  Muscles  and   fascia   of  the   pharynx 
BUCCOPHARYNGEAL  FASCIA-2 4 : 43 

PTERYGOMANDIBULAR  RAPHE-32 :  52 
TUNICA  MUSCULARI3   OF  THE  PHARYNX-32 : 50 

CONSTRICTOR  PHARYNGEUS  INFERIOR  MUSCLE-32: 62-64 

CONSTRICTOR  BHARYNGEUS  ME  DUE  MUSCLE-32  :  59-61 

CONSTRICTOR  PRARYNGEUS   SUPERIOR-32  :53-57 

Exposed  by  dividing  the  pterygoideus  internus  muscle 
transversely  at  its  middle  and  reflecting  the  two  ends 
toward  their  origin  and  insertion,    guarding  against  cut- 
ting the  tensor  veli  palatini  muscle. 
FASCIA  PHARYNG03A3ILARIS-32 :44 

b.  Cavity  of  the   rharvnx-32 :30 

Exposed  by  taking  the   following  incisions:   a)   longitudinally  in  the 
middle  line  throughout  the  entire  extent  of  the  posterior  wall  of  the 
pharynx;  b)    from  the  superior  extremity  of  the  preceding  incision, 
transversely  through  the  fascia  pharyngobasilaris,    close  to  the  base 
of  the   cranium  and  extending  laterally  as   far  as   the  cartilage   of 
the  Eustachian  tube. 

The  following  structures  may  be  identified  by  inspection: 
PARS  NASALIS-32 :22 

FORNIX  PHARYNGIS-32 :31 

PHARYNGEAL  OPENING  OF  THE  EUSTACHIAN  TUBE-32:35 
ANTERIOR  LIP-32:3  6 
POSTERIOR  LIP~32:37 
TORUS  TUBARlUS-32:38 
SALPINGOPHARYNGEAL  F0LD-32:39 
PHARYNGEAL  RE CESS -32: 40 
PHARYNGEAL  TONSIL-32 :47 

TONSILLAR  CRYPTS-32:48 
(Pharyngeal  bursa)-32:41 
SOFT  ?MA7E-30:41 
UVUIA-32  ;13 
PARS  QRALIS-32 ;33 

GLOSSCPALATINE  ARCH-32:15 
PHARYNOPALATINE  ARCH-32:I6 
LATERAL  GLOSSGSPIGLGTTIC  F0LD-37:27 
MEDIAN  GLOSSOEPIGLOTTIC  F0LD-37:26 
EPIGLOTTI C  VALLE  CULA-3  7 : 12 
PARS  LARYNGI3-32:34 

ARYEPIGLOTTIC  FCLD-37:28 
OPENING  INTO  THE  LARYHX-37:13 
PERIFORM  RECESS-32  :42 

FOLD  OF  THE  LARYNGEAL  NERVE-37:29 
Looking  anteriorly  from  the  nasal  part  of  the  pharynx  the   following 
are  visible  in  relation  to  the  posterior  part   of  the  nasal   cavity: 
NASAL  SEPTIi:-35:3  9 
MS  ©PHARYNGEAL  MSATUS-3  5:59 
INFERIOR  NASAL  MEATUS-35:57 
MIDDLE  NASAL  MEATUS -3  5: 55 
INFERIOR  NASAL  CCNGHA-35:48 
MIDDLE  NASAL  C0NCHA-35':47 


HEAT)     AMD     KECK  53. 

2.     Mouth  and   fauces 

To   facilitc+s  the  demonstration  of  the    following  structures  the 
anterior  part   of  the  head  and  neck  cay  be  divided  into  two   lateral 
halves  by  making  the   following  incisions:   a)  with  a  knife  dividing 
the  uvula  and  soft  palate   in  the  median  sagittal  plane;  b)   in  a 
similar  manner  dividing  the  cartilaginous  part  of  the  nose  as  far 
as  the   nasal  bone  as  nearly  as  possible  in  the  mid-sagittal  plane, 
(before  making  this  incision  it  should   be  ascertained  whether  the 
nasal  septum  deviates   to  either  the   right   or  left  of  the  mid-plane, 
and  if   sc,   making  the   cut  through  the   cartilage   close  to   concave- 
side   of  the  septum  and  thus   guarding  against  cutting  the   septum 
itself)  ;   c)   with  a  saw  cutting  through  the  floor   of  the  anterior 
part   of  the   skull,   beginning  posteriorly  and  sawing  forward  making 
the  cut  pass  through  the  hard  palate  and  root  of  the  nose   just 
lateral  to  the  nasal  septum  and,   in  line  with  preceding  incision, 
through  the  cartilaginous  part  of  the  nose;  d)  with  a  knife  dividing 
the  tongue  and  soft  structure   in  the   floor  of  the  mouth,   the  pharynx, 
larynx,   trachea  and  any  other  remaining  soft  structure  in  the  median 
sagittal  plane;  e)   completing  the  division  of  sawing  through  the 
anterior  part  of  the  mandible  in  the  same  plane. 

a.  General   char?xt^ri?tics    of   the   oral   cavity 
CHSEK-30:2  9 

FAT  BODY  OF  THE  CHEEK»t-30:30 
VESTIBULE  OF  THE  M0UTH-3O:31 
MOUTH  CAVITY  PR0PER-30:32 
ORAL  FISSURE-30:33 
LIPS-3 0:34-3 6 
LABIAL  C0MMISSURE-3O:37 
ANGLES   OF  THE  M0UTH-30:38 
PALATE-30:39 

HARD  PALATE-30:40 

SOFT  PALATE~30:41 

RAPHE  OF  THE  PALATE-30:42 

b.  Mucous  membrane   of   the  mouth-30:43 


FRENULUM  OF  THE  UPPER  AND  LOSER  LIPS-3 0:44,   45 

GUM-30:46 

SUBLING UAL  CARUKCLE-3  0:47 

SUBLINGUAL  F0LD-30:48 

TRANSVERSE  PALATINE  FOLDS-30:49 

INCISOR  PAPILLA-30:50 


c.  Glands  of  the  mouth-31;l 

Only  the  openings  of  the  ducts  of  the  following  glands  can  be 
demonstrated  at  this  stage  of  the  dissection. 
SUBLINGUAL  GLAND-31:8 

MAJOR  AND  MINOR  DUCTS-31:9,  10 
S  UBMAX1LLARY  GLAND-3 1 : 11 

SUBMAXILLARY  DUCT-3l:12 
PAROTID  GLAND-31:13-15 

PAROTID  DUCT-31:16 
The  following  structures  are  usually  difficult  to  demonstrate  in  an 
ordinary  dissection: 
LABIAL  GLAHDS-3i:2 
BUCCAL  GLANDS-3l:3 
MOLAR  GLAHDS-31:4 


HEAD     AND     NECK  54. 

PALATINE   GLANDS-31:5 
LINGUAL  GLANDS-3l:6 
ANTERIOR  LINGUAL  GLAND-31:7 

d.  Teeth~31:18 

SUPERIOR  AND  INTERIOR  DENTAL  ARCHES-31:45,   46 
INCISOR  TEETH-33 :47 
CAMIIE  TEETH-3l:48 

PREMOLAR  TEETH-31:49 
MOLAR  TEETH-31;50 

DENS  SER0TINUS-31-.51 
PERMANENT  AND  DECIDUOUS   TEETH-31:52,    53 

e.  Tongue-3l:54 

DORSUM  OF  THE   T0NGUE-31:55 

ROOT  OF  THE   TONGUS-31:56 

BODY  OF  THE  TONGUE-31:57 

INFERIOR  SURFACS~31:58,    59 

LATERAL  MEGIN-3I : 60 

APEX-3l:6I 

MUCOUS  MEMSRAKE-3i:62 

For  the  muscles  and  papillae  of  the  tongue  see  X:7. 

f .  Fauces-32:10 

Isthmus   of  the  fauces-32:ll 

Velum  palatinum-32 :12 

Uvula-32:13 

Palatine  arches-32:i2 

GLOSSOPALATINS  ARCHES-32:15 

PHARYNGOFALATINE  ARCHES-32 :16 
SALPINGOPALATINE  FOLD** -32: 17 
PALATINE   TONSIL-32 :18 

TONSILLAR  CRYPTS-32:19 
TONSILLAR  SINUS-32:20 
PLICA  TRIANGULARIS-32 :2i 
SUPRATONSILLAR  FOSSA-32 :22 

3.  Soft  palate  and  related  structures 

A  satisfactory  dissection  of  the  soft  palate  is  made  with  difficulty 
In  the  ordinary  cadave  material;  in  demonstrating  its  structures  the 
soft  palate  should  he  made  tense  by  means  of  a  hook  and  the  mucous 
membrane  removed  from  its  oral  and  pharyngeal  surfaces  and  from  the 
surface  of  the  gloss opalatine  and  pharyngopalatine  arcnes. 

a.  Muscles 

GLOSS  OPALATINE  MUSCU:xx-32 :27 

PHARYNGOPALATINE  MUSCLSxx-32  :23 

SALPINGOPHARYNGEUS  BSUB CLE301  -32:58 

UVULAE  MUSCLE  xx-32:26 

LEVATOR  VELI  PALATINE  MUSCLE** -32 :24 

Exposed  by  removing  the  wall  of  the  pharynx  between  the  auditory 
tube  superiorly  and  the  upper  usrgin  of  the  superior  pharyngeal 
constrictor  muscle   inferiorly. 

TENSOR  VELI  PALATINI  MUSCLE-32 :25 


HEAD     AMD     NECK  55. 

b.  Arteries 

ASCENDING  PALATINE  ARTERY  >:3Mr7:14 

PHARYNGEAL  RAMI  OF  THE  ASC3NDING  PHARYNGEAL  ARTERY**-^ :  6 

DESCENDING  PALATINE  FROM  THE  INTERNAL  MAXILLARY  ARTSRYxx-47:62 

c .  Nerves 

PHARYNGEAL  RAMI   C?  THE   VAGUS   NERVE ^-SS^S 

Component   fibres   of  these   rami  are  derivatives   of  the 
accessory  nerve. 

NERVE   OF  THE  TENSOR  VELI  PALATINI ^-67:3 8 

POSTERIOR  PALATINE  NSRVE^-o?^ 

MIDDLE  PALATINE  NERVE **- 67: 4 

Auditory  tuhe-78:ll 

OSSEOUS   PART  OF  THE  AUDITORY  TUEE-78:13 
CARTILAGINOUS  PART  OF  THE  AUTORY  TURE-78:16 
CARTILAGE   OF  THE  AUDITORY  TUBE-78:17 

MEDIAL  CARTILAGINOUS  LAMINA-73:18 
LATERAL  CARTILAGINOUS  LAMINA-7G:19 
MEMBRANOUS  LAMINA-78:20 
TUNICA  MUC0SA-73:21-23 
PHARYNGEAL  OPENING  CF  THE  AUDITORY  TUBE-78:24 

Nasal  cavity 


a.  Nasal  septum-35 :3 9 
CARTILAGINOUS  SI?TUM-35:40 

Exposed  by  removing  the  mucous  membrane   from  the  septum. 
MEMBRANOUS  SEPTUM-3 5 : 41 

The   follomng  structures  may  be  demonstrated  by  carefully  removing 
the   cartilage  and  thin  bony  part   of  the   septum   (a  small  piece  at 
a  time),   but  retaining  intact  the  mucous  membrane   of  the   opposite 
side . 

OLFACTORY  NSRVES-56:3 
MEDIAL  SUPERIOR  POSTERIOR  NASAL  RAMI-66:62 

NAS  OPALATINE   NERVE- 66 : 63 
MEDIAL  NASAL  RAMI  OF  THE  INTERNAL  BRANCH  OF  THE  ANTERIOR  ETHMOIDAL 
NERV£-66:31 

POSTERIOR  NASAL  ARTERIES   OF  THE  SSPTUM-47:67 
ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  ETHMOIDAL  ARTSRISS-4G : 6 ,    7 

Difficult  to  demonstrate  in  ordinary  material. 

b.  Cavity  and  lateral  walls  of  the  nose 
NARSS-3  5:37 

CHOANAE -35:38 

VESTIBULE   OF  THE  N0SS-35:42 

VIBRISSAE-79:34 
LIMEN  NAS 1-3 5:43 
OLFACTORY  SULCUS -3 5:44 
SUPERIOR  NASAL  CONCHA-35:4S 
MIDDLE   NASAL  CONCHA-35:47 
INFERIOR  NASAL   CCNCHA-35:43 
(CONCHA  SUPREMA)-3  5:45 
MUCOUS  MSMBRANS-3  5:49 
CAVERNOUS  PLEXUS    OF  TIE   C0NCHA-35:50 
AGGER  FASI-35:51 
SPHENOETHMOIDAL  RF.C3SS-35:52 
MEATUSES   OF  THE  N0SS-35'-53 


HBAP  AND  NNECK  56- 

SUPERIOR  MEATUS-35:54 

MIDDLE  MEATUS -3 5: 55 

ATRIUM  OF  THE  MIDDLE  MEATUS~35:56 

INFERIOR  MEATUS-35:57 

COMMON  MEATUS-3 5  i  58 

NAS  OPHARYNGEAL  MEATUS-3 5:59 
RESPIRATORY  REGION-3 5 :60 
OLFACTORY  REGICN-3 5 : 61 
OLFACTORY  GLA ND3-3 5 : 62 
NASAL  GLANDS~S5i71 
ETHMOIDAL  INFUNDIBUI  UM-3  5:63 

Exposed  by  forcing  the  middle   concha  upwards, 

HIATUS  SEMII,UNARIS-35:70 
BULLA  ETHMCIDALIS-35:50 

NASOLARCRIMAL  DUCT-75:54         Its  inferior  opening  only. 
ETHMOIDAL  GELLS»35:67         Only  their  openings  are  exposed. 

c.  Paranasal   s inusss°3  5:63 
MAXILLARY  3INUS-35:64 

Its  cavity  is  exposed  by  sawing  upwards  through  the  base  of  the 
zygomatic  process   of  the  maxilla  and  removing  its  lateral  wall. 

SPHENOIDAL  SIKUS-35:65 

FRONTAL  SINUS-35:66 

d.  Nerves  and  vessels   in  the  lateral  wall   of  the  nasal  cavity 
OLFACTORY  NERVES- 66 ;3 

LATERAL  NASAL  RAMI  OF  THE  INTERNAL  BRANCH  OF  THE  ANTERIOR 

ETHMOIDAL  NERVE- 66:30 

Branches   from  the  sphenopalatine   ganglion: 

LATERAL  SUPERIOR  POSTERIOR  NASAL  RAMI- 66: 61 

Difficult  to  demonstrate   in  an  ordinary  dissection. 

^LATERAL)  INFERIOR  POSTERIOR  NASAL  RAMI-67:1 
SPHENOPALATINE  ARTERY-47:66 

The  descending  palatine  branch  of  the  internal  maxillary  artery-47: 
62,  and  the  anterior  and  posterior  ethmoidal  arteries-48:6.  7,  also 
contribute   small  twigs  to  the  nasal  muco-periosteum. 

e.  Nasal  cartilages"? 6:6 
LATERAL  NASAL  CARTILAGE-3 6 : 9 

CARTILAGE  OF  THE  NASAL  SEPTUM-36:7       See  also  X:5a. 
GREATER  ALAR  CARTILAGES-36:10 

LATERAL  CRU3-36:I2 

MEDIAL  CRUS-3 1:12 
LESSER  ALAR  CARTILAGES-3 6 : 13 


6..     Larvnx-36:1G 


a.  Cavity  of  the  larynx-37:ll 

The  laryngeal  cartilages  constituting  the   ground  plan  of  the  larynx 
are  listed  under  subhead  6d. 
APERTURE  OF  THE  LARYNX-37:13 
ARYEPIGLOTTIC  F0LD-37:2C 

CUNEIFORM  TUEERCLE-36:74  ■ 

CORNICULATE  TUEERCLE-36:75 
INTERARYTENOID  N0TCH-37:35 
MEDIAN  GLOSSOEPIGLOTTIC  F0LD-37:26 
LATERAL  GLOSSOEPIGLOTTIC  F0LD-37:27 


HEAD  AND  NECK  57. 

EPIGLOTTIC  VALLECULA-37:I2 

VESTIBULE  OF  THE  LARYNX-37:14 

RIM  VESTIBULI-37-.15 

VENTRICULAR  FOLDS -3 7:30 

SUPERIOR  APERTURE  OF  THE  GLOTTIS -3 7: 34 

LARYNGEAL  VENTRICUSW3  7 :21 

APPENDIX  OF  THE  LARYNGEAL  VENTRICLE-37:22 

VOCAL  F0LD-37:31 

MACULA  FLAVA-37:32 

The  vocal  and  ventricular  folds  subdivide  the  laryngeal  cavity 
into  three  subdivisions;  a  superior,  or  the  vestibule,  a  middle 
subdivision  corresponding  to  the  ventricles,  and  an  inferior 
subdivision  inferior  to  the  level  of  the  vocal  cords. 

VOCAL  LIP-37:16 

GL0TTIS-37:17 

RIMA  GL0TTIDIS-37:10 

INTSRMSI4BRAN0US  PART-3  7 : 1 9 
INTERCARTIIAGINOUS  PART-37:20 

INFERIOR  APERTURE   OF  THE  GLOTTIS- 37:33 

LARYNGEAL  MUCOUS  MEMBRANE-37:23 
LARYNGEAL  GLANDS-3 7:36-39 

LYMPHATIC  NODULES   OF  THE  LARYNX-37:40 

b.  Laryngeal  muscles,    rtyothreoid  and  elastic  membranes 

Having  examined  the   relations   of  the   thryreoid   gland,   the   following 
structures  are   exposed  by  removing  tnis   organ  together  with  the 
omohyoid,   sternohyoid,    sternothyroid,    thyreohyoid  and  inferior 
pharyngeal  constrictor  muscles,    guarding  against  injury  to  the 
internal  and  external  rami  of  the  superior  laryngeal  nerve,  the 
inferior  laryngeal  nerve,   and  the  superior  and  inferior  laryngeal 
arteries . 
KYOTHYREOID  MEMBRANE-36:34 

MIDDLE  KYOTHYREOID  LIGAMENT-36:33 
LATERAL  HYOTHYREOID  LIGAMENT-36:31 
TRITICEOUS  CARTILAGS-36:32 
CRICOTHYREOID  MUSCLE-36:70 
STRAIGHT  PART-3 6: 79 
OBLIQUE  PART-37:l 
POSTERIOR  CRICOARYTAENOID  MUSCLE-37:2 

Exposed  by  removing  the  tunica  mucosa   from  the  posterior  aspect 
of  the  cricoid  and  arytaenoid  cartilages,   retaining  intact, 
however,  the  superior  and  laryngeal  artery  and  nerve. 
OBLIQUE  ARYTAENOID  MUSCLE-37:9 

ARYEPI GLOTTIC  MUSCLE-3&:77 
TRANSVERSE  ARYTAENOID  MUSCLE-37:10 

It  is  preferable  to  demonstrate  the  following  muscles  and  the  elastic 
membrane  in  only  one  half  of  the  larynx,   reserving  the  other  half 
for  the  demonstration  of  nerves  and  vessels. 
LATERAL  CRICOARYTAENOID  MUSCLE-37:4 

Exposed  by  removing  the   cricothyreoid  muscle,   making  an  incision 
through  the  lamina  of  the  thyreoid  cartilage  parallel  to  and  a 
little  to  the  right  of  the  anterior  median  line,  dividing  the 
right  lateral   hyothyreoid  ligament,    disarticulating  the   right 
inferior  cornu  of  the  thyroeid  cartilage  and  completing  the 
removal   of  the  lamina. 
THYREOARYTAENOID  MUSCLE-37:8 
VOCAL  MUSCLE-37:6 


HEAD     AND     NECK  58. 

Exposed  by  carefully  removing  the  lateral  cricoarytaenoid  muscle, 
THYROEPIGLOTTIC  MUSCLE-37:7 
VENTRICULAR  MOSCLE»37:5 

Difficult  to  demonstrate  in  an  ordinary  dissection. 
ELASTIC  MEMBRANE  OF  THE  LARYNX-37:24 

Exposed  by  removing  the  vocal  muscle. 

ELASTIC  C0H3-37:25 

VOCAL  LIGAMENT-3 6: 63 

(SESAMOID  CARTILAGE) -3 6: 64 

VENTRICULAR  LIGAMENT-36:62 

c.  Laryngeal   nerygs_and  vessels 

The   following  structures  may  be  demonstrated  in  the  remaining  half 

of  the  larynz: 

INTERNAL  RAMUS  OF  THE  SUPERIOR  LARYNGEAL  NERVE- 68: 32 

Its   position  in  the   piriform  sinus  may  be  determined  by  produc- 
ing a  traction  on  the  nerve  external  to  the  hyothyreoid  membrane 
and  demonstrating  the   fold  of  the  laryngeal  nerve-37:29 
ANASTOMOTIC  RAMUS  WITH  THE  INFERIOR  LARYNGEAL  NERVS-68:33 

INFERIOR  LARYNGEAL  NERVE- 68: 40 
ANTERIOR  RAMUS~68:41 
POSTERIOR  RAMUS-68:42 

SUPERIOR  LARYNGEAL  ARTERY-46:64 

INFERIOR  LARYNGEAL  ARTERY-48:50 

d„  Larynge a 1  cartil ages  and  ligaments 
EPIGL0TTIS-36:67 

PETIOLUS  EPIGL0TTIDIS~36:68 

EPI GLOTTIC  TUBERCLE-3  6:69 

EPIGLOTTIC  CARTILAGE-3  6:70 
THYREOEPIGLOTTIC  LIGAMENT-3 6 : 71 
HYOEPIGLOTTIC  LIGAMENT-3 6 : 72 
THYREOID  CARTILAGE-3 6:21 

RIGHT  AND  LEFT  LAMINA-36:22 

PROMINENTIA  LARYKGEA-3  6:16 

SUPERIOR  THYREOID  INCISURE-36:23 

INFERIOR  THYREOID  INCISURE-36:24 

SUPERIOR  THYREOID  TUBERCLE-3 6:25 

INFERIOR  THYREOID  TUBERCLE-3 6:2 6 

''OBLIQUE  LINE) -3  6:2 7 

SUPERIOR  CORNU-3  6:28 

INTERIOR  CORNU-3 6:2 9 

(THYREOID  FORAMEN) -36 :30 
CRICOTHYRECID  ARTICULATI0N-36:40 

ARTICULAR  CAPSULE-36:41 

CERATOCRICOID  LAGAMENTS^-S 6:42-44 
CRICOID  CARTILAGE-36--35 

The  exposure   of  the  cricoid  cartilage  is   completed  by  dividing 

the  ligaments   connecting  the  thyreoid  and  cricoid  cartilages 

and  removing  the  thyroeid  cartilage. 

ARCH-35:36 

LAMINA-36:37 

ARYTAENOID  ARTICULAP  SGRFACE-36:38 

THYREOID  ARTICULAR  SURFACE-3 6 :3 9 
CRICOTRACHEAL  LIGAMSNT-36:46 
CORNICULATE  CARTILAGE-3 6 : 57 

ARYCORNICULATE  SYNCH0NDR0SIS-3 6 :  58 


HEAD     AND     NECK  59. 

CORNicULOPHARtMOEAt  ild^MENT**-^  6 :  61 
CRICOPHARYNGEAL  LIGAMENT3"-^  6: 60 
ARYTAENOID  CARTILAGE-36:47 

APEX-36:54 

BASE-36:49 

ARTICULAR  SURFACE-36:48 

CRISTA  ARCUATA^-SecSO 

C0LLICULUSXX-36:51 

FOVEA  0BL0NGAxx-36:52 

FOVEA  TRIANGULARIS^-SeiSS 

VOCAL  PR0CESS-36--55 

MUSCULAR  PR0CESS-36:56 
CUNEIFORM  CARTILAGE-36:73 
CRICOARYTAENOID  ARTICULATI0N-36:59 

ARTICULAR  CAPSULE-36:65 

POSTERIOR  CRICOARYTAENOID  LIGAMENT3"^ 6:  66 

Tongue -31: 54 

a.  General  characteristics  and  surface  anatomy 
DORUM  OF  T0NGUB-31;55 

ROOT  OF  T0NGUE-31:56 
BODY  OF  T0NGUE-3H57 
INFERIOR  SURFACE-31:58 

FIMBRIATED  F0LD-31:59 
LATERAL  MARGIN-31:60 
APEX  OF  T0NGUS-31:61 
MUCOUS  MEMBRANE  OR  T0NGUE-31:62 
FRENULUM  OF  T0NGU£-31:63 
LINGUAL  PAPILLAE-31:64 

FILIFORM  PAPILLAE-31:65 
.   CONICAL  PAPILLAE-31:66 
FUNGIFORM  PAPILLAE-3H67 
LENTICULAR  PAFILLAE-31:68 
VALLATE  PAPILLAE-31-.69 
FOLIATE  PAPILLAE-3l:70 
MEDIAL  SULCUS-3I:71 
TERMINAL  SULCUS-31;72 
FORAiiEN  CAECUM-31C73 

(LINGUAL  DUCT)-31:74 

THYREOGLOSSAL  DUCT-31:75 
LINGUAL  T0NSIL-3l:76 

LINGUAL  F0LLICLES-3l:77 

b,  Muscles  of  the  tongue-32:l 

Preferably  demonstrated  in  one  half  of  the  tongue  only  retaining 

the  other  half  for  the  demonstration  of  nerves  and  vessels. 

GENIOGLOSSUS  MUSCLE*-32:2 

HYOGLOSSUS  MUSCLE~32:3 

CHONDROGLOSSUS  MU6CLE-32:4 

STYLOGLOSSUS  MUSCLE-32:5 

The  four  preceding  muscles  may  be  characterized  as  extrinsic  and 

the  following  three  muscles  as  intrinsic  muscles  of  the  tongue: 

LONGITUDINALIS  SUPERIOR  MUSCLExx-32 : 6 

LONGIIUDINALIS  INFERIOR  MUSCLExx-32:7 

TRANSVERSES  LINGUAE  MUSCLEXX-32:S 

VARTICALIS  LINGUAE  MUSCLExx-32:9 


HEAD     AND     NECK  60, 

SEPTUM  OF  TCNGUE~31:78 

c.  Nerves  and  vessels   of  the  tongue 

LINGUAL  RAH   OF  THE  GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL  NERVE-58:21 
LINGUAL  NERVE- 57:23 

SUBLINGUAL  NERVE-67:26 

LINGUAL  RAMI- 67:27 
HYPOGLOSSAL  NERVE-68:60 

LINGUAL  RAMI- 68: 64 
LINGUAL  ARTERY-47:8 

DORSAL  RAMI   OF  T0NGU£-47:11 

DEEP  ARTERY  OF  T0NGUE-47:12 

Structures  in  the  middle  cranial  fossa 


Incisions  for  removal  of  the  dura  mater;  a)  having  secured  the  cut 
ends  of  the  oculomotor,  trochlear  and  trigeminal  nerves  as  they 
pierce  the  dura  an  incision  is  cade  through  the  dura  just  lateral  to 
these  nerves  from  the  anterior  clinoid  process  to  the  apex  of  the 
petrous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone  (the  cut  should  be  made  no 
deeper  than  the  thickness  of  the  dura) ,  and  then  extended  from  the 
apex  of  the  petrous  bone  backward  and  laterally  along  the  superior 
petrosal  sinus  to  the  sigmoid  sulcus ;  b)  a  second  incision  is  made 
through  the  dura  frbza  the  clinoid  process  anterolaterally  along  the 
posterior  margin  of  the  small  wing  of  the  sphenoid  bone;  d)  the  dura 
may  then  be  reflected  lateralmrd,  carefully  disengaging  it  from  any 
underlying  nerves  or  other  structures  -which  may  be  attached  to  it. 
CAVERNOUS  SINUS- 53:24 

SUPERIOR  OPHTHALMIC  VEIN-53:54 

INFERIOR  OPTHALMIC  VEIN-53:68 

SPHENOPARIETAL  SINUS-53:28 
TRIGEMINAL  NERVE-66:11 

PORH0MAJOR-66:12   Sensory  root. 

PORTIO  MIN0R-66:14   Motor  root. 

SEMILUNAR  GANGLICN-56:13 

MANDIBULAR  NERVE-67:6    Origin  and  foramen  of  exit  only. 
An  accessory  meningeal  artery- (47: 51)  is  sometimes 
associated  with  it  in  its  foramen  of  exit. 

MAXILLARY  NERVE-66:38  Origin  and   foramen  of  exit. 

MENINGEAL  RAMUS-66:39 

OFHTHALMALIC  NSRVS-66:15 

LACRIMAL  NERVE-66:17  Its   origin  only. 

NASOCILIARY  NERVE- 66:23       Its   origin  only. 
FRONTAL  NERVE-66:19       Its  origin  only. 
The  following  three  nerves  are  listed  with  reference  to  the  cavernous 
sinus   only: 
OCULOMOTOR  NERVE- 66; 5 
TROCHLEAR  NERVE- 66: 9 
ABDUCENT  NERVE- 67: 46 

CAVERNOUS  PLEXUS  OF  THE  SYMPATHETIC-71:39       Difficult  to  demonstrate. 
INTERNAL  CAROTID  ARTERY-47:68 

OPHTHALMIC  ARTSRY-47:70         Its   origin  only. 
INTERNAL  CAROTID  PLEXUS   OF  THE  SYMPATHETIC-71:38       Difficult  to 

demonstrate  in  an  ordinary  dissection. 
GREATER  SUPERFICIAL  PETROSAL  NERVE-66:59 
LESSER  SUPERFICIAL  PETROSAL  NERVE- 67:3 7 
MIDDLE  MENINGEAL  ARTERY-47:50 


K3AD    AND     KECK  61. 

SUPERFICIAL  PETROSAL  RAMUS**  -47 :  52 
(ACCESSORY  MENINGEAL  PAMUS}-47:51 

9,  Eyelids  and  lacrimal  apparatus 

For  the  surface  anatomy  of  the  eye  see  Section  V:l. 

a.  Eyelids-75:11 

In  demonstrating  the  following  structures  the  palpebral  part  of  the 

orbicularis   oculi  muscle   is   removed,    guarding  against  injury  to 

underlying  nerves  and  vessels. 

ORBITAL  SE?TUM-75:5 

SUPERIOR  TARSUS-75:2:- 

INFERIOR  TARSUS-73:24 

TARSAL  GLANDS-75:27 

LATERAL  PALPEBRAL  RAPHE-75:2  6 

MEDIAL  PALPEERAL  LIGAMSNT-75:25 

LEVATOR  PALPS3RAE  SUPERIORIS  MUSCLE-75  '-3        Its  tendon  of  insertion 

only. 
For  nerves  and  vessels  of  the  eyelids  see  L:2a  and  V;4. 

b»  Lacrimal  apparatus- 75:41 

SUPERIOR  LACRIMAL  GLAND-75:42 

Should  be  identified  with  a  minimum  dissection. 

Exposed  by  dividing  the  palpebral  fa.scia  at  the  upper  and  lat- 
eral angle  of  the  orbit. 
INFERIOR  LACRIMAL  GLAND-75:43 
(ACCESSORY  LACRIMAL  GLAND) -7 5:44 

EXCRETORY  DUCTULES-75:45 
LASPJMAL  DUCT-75:49 

Exposed  by  reflecting  the  medial  palpebral  ligament. 

AMPULLA  OF  THE  LACRIMAL  DUCT-75:51 
LACRIMAL  SAC-75:52 

FORNIX  OF  THE  LACRIMAL  SAC-75:53 
NASOLACRIMAL  DUCT-75:54 

The  following  muscles  are  exposed  by  dividing  the  eyelids  through 
the  middle  by  a  sagittal  section  and  removing  the  conjunctiva  at 
the  medial  angle  of  the  eye. 
TARSALIS  SUPERIOR  MUSCLE**  -7 5:2 9 
TARSALIS  INFERIOR  MUSCLE** -75:30 

10.  Structures  in  relation  to  the  orbit 

a.  Structures  in  the  superior  part  of  the  orbit  and  fascia  of  the 
eyeball 
Exposed  by  removing  (with  a  bone  forceps,  saw  and  chisel)  the  thin 
roof  superior  wall  gi  the  orbit  (12:67),  the  thick  cranial  wall 
above  the  orbital  opening  (12:64),  and  the  superior  wall  of  the 
superior  orbital  fissure  (12:71),  retaining  intact,  however,  the 
superorbital  margin  (12:65)  of  th?. orbital  opening  and  a  ring  of  bone 
around  the  optic  foramen  (cutting  a;vay  the  anterior  clinoid  process 
will  also  facilitate  the  subsequent  dissection) ,  dividing  the 
periosteum  longitudinally  midway  between  the  medial  and  lateral 
walls  of  tne  orbit  and  §lso  transversely  close  to  the  anterior 
margin  of  the  superior  orbital  wall,  and  reflecting  the  two 
periosteal  flaps  laterally  and  medially. 


HEAD     AND     NECK  62. 

FRONTAL  NERVE-65:19 

SUPRAORBITAL  NERVE- 66:20 

FRONTAL  RAMUS-66:21 

SUPRATROCHLEAR  NERVS-66:22 

Attention  has  already  been  directed  to  the  peripheral 

distribution  of  these  nerves,  I:2a  and  V:4. 
CORPUS  ADIPOSUM  0R3ITAE-75:9 

To  be  removed   gradually  during  the  ensuing  dissection. 
TROCHLEAR  NERVE-66:9 
LACRIMAL  NERVE-66:17 

LACRIMAL  GLANDS-7 6:42-45  See  also  9b. 
LEVATOR  PALPEBRAE  SUPERIORIS  MUSCLE-75:3 
FASCIA  OF  EYEBALL-75:7 

Exposed  by  dividing  the  frontal  nerve  and  levator  palpebrae 

superioris  muscle  in  the  middle  of  the   orbit  and  reflecting 

their  cut  ends. 

INTERFASCIAL  SPACE-75:8 

Its  extent  nay  be  determined  by  aaking  an  opening  through 
fascia  and  introducing    the  the  nandle   of  a  scalpel  or  a 
blunt  forceps  into  the   opening. 
RECTUS  SUPERIOR  MUSCLE-74:65 
OBLIQUUS  SUPERIOR  MUSCLE-74:71 

TR0CHLEA-75:1 

b.  Optic  nerve,   nasociliary  nerve  and  ciliary  ganglion 

The   following  structures  are   exposed  by  dividing  superior  rectus 
muscle  midway  between  its  origin  and  insertion,    reflecting  the  cut 
ends   (noting  the  superior  division  of  the  oculomotor  nerve  subjacent 
to  its  posterior  part),  and  carefully  removing  the  orbital  fat. 
OPTIC  NERVE-66:4 
NASOCILIARY  NERVE-66:23 

LONG  ROOT  OF  THE  CILIARY  GANGLI0N-66:24 

LONG  CILIARY  NERVES-65:25 

POSTERIOR  ETHMOIDAL  NERVE-66:26 

ANTERIOR  ETHNOIDAL  NERVE- 66:2 7 

INFRATROCHLEAR  NERVE-66:33-35 
CILIARY  GANGLION-66:63 

SHORT  CILIARY  NERVES-66:37 

c .  Blood  vessels  of  the   orbit 
OPHTHALMIC  ARTSRY-47 : 71 

CENTRAL  ARTERY  OF  RETINA-47:72 

LACRIMAL  ARTERY-47:72 

MUSCULAR  RAMI-47:74 

CILIARY  ARTERIES-47:75,   76,  48:1-4 

SUPRAORBITAL  ARTERY-48:5 

ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  ETHMOIDAL  ARTER3ES-48 : 6 ,    7 

MEDIAL  PALPEBRAL  ARTERIES-48 : 9-11 

FRONTAL  ARTERY-48:12 

DORSAL  ARTERY  OF  N0SE-48:13 
SUPERIOR  OPHTHALMIC  VEIN-53:54 
INFERIOR  OPHTHALMIC  VEIN«53:68 
CENTRAL  VEIN  OF  RETINA-53:63 
Tributaries   of  the   ophthalmic  veins  are   indicated  in  53:55,    53:64-67 

d.  Remaining  structures  of  the   orbit 

RECTUS  MEDIALIS  MUSCLE- 74: 67 


- 


HEAD    A«0     KECK  63. 

RECTUS  INFERIOR  MUSCLE-74:66 
RECTUS  LATERALIS  MUSCLE-74:68 

LACERTUS  OF  RECTUS  LATERALIS  MUSCLE-74:69 
COMMON  TENDINOUS  RING  OF  ZINN- 74:70 

Exposed  by  dividing  the  optic  nerve  close  to  the  optic  foramen 

and  turning  the  eyeball  anteriorly. 
OCULOMOTOR  NERVE-66:5 

SUPERIOR  RAMUS-66:6 

INFERIOR  RAMUS-66:7 

SHORT  ROOT  OF  CILIARY  GANGLI0N-66:8 
ABDUCENS   NERVE- 67:46 
OBLIQUUS  INFERIOR  MUSCLE-75:2 

Exposed  by  replacing  the  eyeball  in  its  normal  position, 

everting  the  lower  eyelid,   carefully  removing  the  conjunctiva 

in  the  region  of  the  inferior  fornix. 
ZYGOMATIC  NERVE-66:40 

11.  Structures  in  the  carotid  and  infraorbital  canals,  and  in  the 

pterygopalatine  fossa. 

a.  Carotid   canal-9:41 

The  contents   of  the  carotid  canal  may  be  exposed  by  removing  (with 
a  bone  forceps  )  the  inferior  wall  of  the  carotid  canal,    guarding 
against  injury  to  the  auditory  tube. 
INTERNAL  CAROTID  ARTERY-47 : 63 

CAROTICOTYMPANIC  RAMUSxx-47:69 
INTERNAL  CAROTID  NERVE  OF  SYMPATHETIC  SYSTEM-71:3? 

INTERNAL  CAROTID  PLEXUS-71:38 

DEEP  PETROSAL  NERVE-66:60         Its  origin  only 

b.  Maxillary  nerve  and  infraorbital  canal 

The  structures  in  relation  to  the  infraorbital  canal  and  pterygopal- 
atine fossa  may  be  exposed  by  making  the  following  dissections:  a) 
begin  at  the  cut  margin  of  the  skull   just  above  the  external  acoustic 
meatus  and  sawing  through  the  squamous  part  of  the  temporal  bone  and 
great  wing  of  the  sphenoid  bone  in  a  plane  passing  obliquely  down- 
ward and  forward  to  the  medial  end  of  the  superior  orbital  fissure, 
the  saw-cut  passing  just  lateral  to  the  foramen  rotundum;  b)  making 
a  second  saw-cut  extending  from  the  cut  margin  of  the  cranial  wall, 
just  above  the  anterior  margin  of  the  great  *ir,i.  if^pnenoid,  down- 
ward into  the  superior  orbital  fissure,    joining  the  first  saw-cut; 
c)   detaching  the  wedge  of  bone  included  between  the  two  saw-cuts  and 
with  a  bone   forceps  removing  what  remains  of  the   great  wing  of  the 
sphenoid  bone  lateral  to  the   foramen  rotundum,   retaining  intact, 
however,   the  bony  circumference  of  this  aperture;  d)  and  finally  with 
a  bone  forceps   (and  chisel  if  necessary)   removing  the  superior  wall 
of  the  infraorbital  canal. 
MAXILLARY  NERVE-S6:38 

ZYGOMATIC  NERVE-66-.40 

SPHENOPALATINE  NERVES-66:43 

POSTERIOR  SUPERIOR  ALVEOLAR  RAMI-66:45 

INFRAORBITAL  NERVE- 66:4 6 

MIDDLE  SUPERIOR  ALVEOLAR  RAMUS- 66:47 
ANTERIOR  SUPERIOR  ALVEOLAR  RAMI-66:48 
SUPERIOR  DENTAL  PLEXUS-66:49 

This  plexus  also  includes  the  posterior  superior  al- 
veolar rami. 


HEAD     AND     NECK  64. 

SUPERIOR  DENTAL  RAMI-56:50 
SUPERIOR  GINGIVAL  RAMI- 66: 51 
INFRAORBITAL  ARTERY-47 : 6C 

ANTERIOR  SUPERIOR  ALVEOLAR  ARTSRIES-47 : 61 

c.  Sphenopalatine   ganglion 

The  sphenopalatine   ganglion  nay  be  located  by  following  the  lateral 
superior  nasal  rami  together  with  the  nasopalatine  nerve  bar.1:  to  the 
sphenopalaxine  foramen,  and  the  lateral  posterior  inferior  rami  of  the 
anterior  palatine  nerve  back  to  the  pterygopalatine  canal,    carefully 
opening  the  canal  and  following  the  palatine  nerves  upward  to  the 
sphenopalatine   ganglion  which  is  situated  in  the  pterygopalatine 
fossa;  the  exposure   of  the   ganglion  may  also  be   facilitated  by  re- 
moving the  orbital  process   of  the  palatine  bone  and  a  portion  of 
the   body  of  the  sp&enoid  bone. 
SPHENOPALATINE  GANGLI ON- 6  6 : 5  6 

NERVE  OF  THE  PTERYGOID  CANAL- 66: 58 

This  nerve  may  be  exposed  by  cutting  away  the  sphenoidal 
process   of  the  palate  bone  and  carefully  opening  the 
pterygoid  process   of  the  sphenoid  bone,  a  dissection  dif- 
ficult,   however,   to  Lake. 

GREATER  SUPERFICIAL  PETROSAL  NERVE-66:59 
DEEP  PETROSAL  NERVE-66:60 
ORBITAL  RAMI- 65:57 

LATERAL  SUPERIOR  POSTERIOR  NASAL  RAMI- 66: 61 
MEDIAL  SUPERIOR  POSTERIOR  NASAL  RAMI- 66: 62 

NASOPALATINE  NERVE- 66: 63 
[LATERAL]   INFERIOR  POSTERIOR  NASAL  RAMI- 67:1 
PALATINE  NER7ES-67;2 

ANTERIOR  PALATINE  NERVE-67:3 
MIDDIE  PALATINE  NERVE-67:4 
POSTERIOR  PALATINE  NERVS-67:5 

d.  Internal  maxillary  artery 

The  following  terminal  branches  of  the  internal  maxillary  artery  are 

in  relation  to  the  pterygopalatine  fossa  with  reference  to  tneir 

origin  only. 

POSTERIOR  SUPERIOR  ALVEOLAR  ARTERY-47:59 

INFRAORBITAL  ARTERY-47: 60 

DESCENDING  PALATINE  ARTSRY-47:62 

SPHENOPALATINE  ARTERY-47:66 

12.  Auditory  apparatus:  external  and  middle  ear 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  incisions  made  through  the  skull  in  the 
course  of  the  preceding  dissections  have  restulted  in  the  isolation  of  a 
somewhat  wedge-shaped  segment  of  the  cranium  including  the  greater  part  of 
the  temporal  bone  and  the  organ  of  hearing.  With  reference  to  the  three 
subdivisions  of  the  organ  of  hearing,  some  of  the  structures  relative  to 
the  external  ear  have  already  been  listed  under  Section  1:4,  and  attention 
directed  to  the  auditory  tube  of  the  middle  ear. under  Section  X:4. 

c.   c.  Tlgalls  of  the  tympanic  cavity 

The  tympanic  cavity  and  its  several  walls  may  be  demonstrated  by 
removing  the  squamous  part  of  the  temporal  bone  by  a  horizontal  saw- 
cut  made  just  above  the  level  of  the  petrous  part  of  the  temporal 
bone  and  making  an  opening  through  the  tegmen  tympani  of  the  temporal 
bone  (9:12)  just  lateral  to  the  arcuate  eminence  (9:13),  and  about 


HEAD  AND  NECK  65. 

1  cm.  anterior  to  the  superior  angle  (9:8)  of  the  pyramids  of  pars 

petrosa  (9:3),  and  exposing  the  tympanic  antrum  of  the  mastoid  wall 

of  the  tympanic  antrum  of  the  mastoid  wall  of  the  tympanic  cavity 

(77:17);  this  opening  may  then  be  carefully  enlarged  with  a  bone 

forceps  and  the  entire  roof  or  tegmental  wall  of  the  tympanic  cavity 

removed. 

TEGMENTAL  WALL-7S:69 

EPITYMPANIC  RECESS-77:1 
PARS   CUPULARIS-77:2 
JUGULAR  WALL-77:3 

STYLOID  PR0MINENCE-77:4 
MASTOID  WALL-77:16 

TYMPANIC  ANTRUM-77:17 

PROMINENCE  OF  LATERAL  SEMICIRCULAR  CANAL-77:18 
PROMINENCE  OF  FACIAL  CANAL-77:19 
PYRAMIDAL  EMINENCE-77 :2 0 
FOSSA  OF  INCUS-77:21 
POSTERIOR  SINUS-77:22 

TYMPANIC  APERTURE  OF  CANALICULUS  OF  THE   CH0RDA-77:23 
CAROTID  WALL-77:26 
LABYRINTHIC  WALL-77:5 

FENESTRA  VESTIBULI-77:6,   7 
PROMONTORY- 77 : 8-10 
SINUS  OF  TYMPAMUM-77:11 
FENESTRA  CBCHLAE-77 :12-14 
PROCESSUS   C0CHLEARIF0RMIS-77:15 
MASTOID  CELLS-77:24 
TYMPANIC  CELLS-77:25 
MEMBRANOUS  WALL-77:27 

TYMPANIC  MEffiRANE-77:28 
PARS  FLACCIDA-77-.29 
PARS  TENSA-77:30 
LIMBUS  MEMBRANAE  TYMPANI-77 :31 
ANTERIOR  MALLEOLAR  F0LD-77:32 
POSTERIOR  MALLEOLAR  F0LD-77:33 
MALLEOLAR  PR0MINENCE-77:34 
MALLEOLAR  STRIA-77:35 
UMBO  MEMBRANE  TYMPANl-77:36 
FIBROCARTILAGINOUS  RING-77 :3 8 

Structurally  the  tympanic  membrane  consists  of  several 
tissue  layers-77:37,   77:41 
MUCOUS  MEMBRANE   OF  THE  TYMPANIC  CAVITY-78:l 

b.  Auditory  ossicles,  articulations,   ligaments  and  muscles 
STAPES-77 :43  

HEAD-77:44 

ANTERIOR  LIMB-77:45 

POSTERIOR  LIMB-77:46 

BASE-77 :47 
INCUS-77:4S 

B0DY-77;49 

LONG  LIMB-77.-50 

LENTICULAR  PROCESS-77 : 51 

SHORT  LIMB-77:52 
MALLEUS-77:53 

MANUBRIUM-77:54 

HEAD-77:55 


;    ' 


HEAD  AND  NECK  66- 

NECK-77:56 

LATERAL  PR0CESS-77:57 

ANTERIOR  PROCESS-77:58 
ARTICULATIONS  OF  THE  AUDITORY  05SICLES-77:59 

ARTICULATION  BETWEEN  INCUS  AND  MALLEUS-77:60 

ARTICULATION  BETWEEN  INCUS  AND  STAPES-77:6l 

SYNDESMOSIS  OF  STAPES  AND  TYMPANUM-77 : 62 
LIGAMENTS   OF  THE  AUDITORY  OSSICLES-77 : 63 

The   following  ligaments  are  difficult  to  expose  in  an  ordinary 

dissection: 

ANTERIOR  LIGAMENT  OF  MALLEUS-77:64 

SUPERIOR  LIGAMENT  OF  MALLEUS-77:65 

LATERAL  LIGAMENT  OF  MALLEUS-77:66 

SUPERIOR  LIGAMENT  OF  INCUS-77:67 

POSTERIOR  LIGAMENT  OF  INCUS-77:68 

OBTURATOR  MEMBRANE  OF  STAPES-77:69 

ANNULAR  LIGAMENT  OF  BASE   OF  STAPES-77:70 
MUSCLES   OF  AUDITORY  OSSICLES-77: 72 

TENSOR  TYMPANI  MUSCLE-77:73 

STAPEDIUS  MUSCLE-77:?4 
AUDITORY  TUBE-78:11         See  also  Section  X:4« 

c.  External  acoustic  raeatus-78:25 

Its  interior  is  exposed  by  removing  (with  a  bone   forceps  and  chisel). 

the  anterior  wall   of  the  external  acoustic  meatus,   guarding  against 

injury  to  the  tympanic  membrane. 

EXTERNAL  ACOUSTIC  P0RUS-78:2  6 

TYMPANIC  INCISURE-78:27 

CARTILAGINOUS  EXTERNAL  ACOUSTIS  MEATUS-78:28 

CARTILAGE  OF  ACOUSTIC  MEATUS-78:29-31 

The  auricle  of  the  external  ear  has  been  dealt  with  under  Section  1:4, 

13.  Intraosseous  course  of  the  ixcial,  intermediate  and  acoustic  nerves 

The  squamous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone  has  already  been  removed, 
X:l?a,  and  the  upper  part  of  the  petrous  part  of  the  bone  may  now 
be  removed  by  a  horizontal  saw-cut  just  above  the  roof  of  the  inter- 
nal acoustic  meatus,  the  cut  extending  laterally  into  the  tympanum* 
In  relation  to  the  mastoid  wall  of  the  tympanum  attention  has  already 
been  directed  to  the  prominence  of  the  facial  canal  in  which  runs 
the  facial  nerve,  X:12a.  This  canal  may  now  be  opened  with  a  bone 
forceps  and  chisel,  followed  into  the  labyrinthic  wall  of  the 
tympanum,  the  roof  of  the  internal  acoustic  meatus  removed  and  the 
facial  nerve  exposed  through  the  superior  part  of  the  facial  canal. 
The  inferior  part  of  the  facial  canal  may  be  demonstrated  by  remov- 
ing the  bone  posterior  and  lateral  to  it  by  means  of  the  two  follow- 
ing saw-cuts:  a)  a  frontal  (vertical  transverse)  cut  in  a  plane  just 
posterior  to  the  stylomastoid  foramen;  b)  a  sagittal  (vertical 
anteroposterior)  cut  just  lateral  to  the  stylomastoid  foramen  to 
meet  the  first  cut,  removing  the  excieed  bone  with  a  bone  forceps 
and  chisel, 
FACIAL  NERVE- 67:47 

GENU  OF  THE  FACIAL  NERVE- 57: 48 

GENICULATE  GANGLION- 67: 49 

STAPEDIUS  MSRVE-67: 50 

ANASTOMOSING  RAMUS  WITH  THE  TYMPANIC  PLEXUS-67:51 
INTERMEDIATE  NERVE-67:63 


HEAD  AND  NECK  67. 

GREATER  SUPERFICIAL  PETROSAL  NERVE- 66: 59 

This  nerve,  while  transmitting  sensory  fibers  of  the 
intermediate  nerve,  is  classed  systematically  with  the 
sphenopalatine  ganglion  and  not  as  a  branch  of  the 
intermediate  nerve. 

CHORDA  TYHPANI  -  67  :  64 
ACOUSTIC  NERVE-67:65 

XI.  Brain:  General  Characteristics,  Meninges.  Blood  Vessels  and  Cerebral 

Nerves 

1.  Larger  subdivisions  of  the  brain 

For  the  removal  of   the  brain  see  II :2a.     A  demonstration  of  its 
structures  can  best  be  undertaken  in  a  specimen  which  has  been 
hardened  in  formalin. 

The  following  subdivisions  of  the  brain  miy  be  identified  by  in- 
spection without  disturbing  the  meninges  and  blood  vessels. 
ENCEPHALON  OR  BRAIN- 59: 10 
RHOMBENCEPHALON- 59:11 

MYELENCEPHALON-5  9 : 12 

MEDULLA  OBLONGATA- 59: 13 
MESENCEPHALON- 60 : 18 
PONS- 60:1 9 
CEREBELLUM-60:53 
CEREBRUM-61:3  6 

MESENCEPHALON- 61 :40 
PROSENCEPHALON- 62 :12 

DIENCEPHALON-62 :13 

Cannot  be  favorably  demonstrated  in  the 
intact  brain. 
TELENCEPHALON- 63 : 5 

Subdivided  into  hemispheres- 63: 6  separated  by 
the  longitudinal  fissure  of  the  cerebrum- 63 : 8. 

2.  Meninges  and  blood  vessels  of  the  brain 

Some  of  the  following  structures  have  already  been  listed  in  con- 
nection with  the  removal  of  the  brain  11:1. 

a.  Meninges-65:32 

DURA  MATER  OF  BRAIN- 65:33 

FALX  CEREBRI- 65:34 

TENTORIUM  CEREBELLI-65:35 

FALX  CEREBELLI-65:36 

DIAPHRAGMA  SELLAE-65:37 

FORAMEN  DIAPHRAGMATIS-65:38 

INCISURA  TENT0RII-65:39 
ARACHNOID  OF  BRAIN-65:45 

SUBARACHNOID  CAVITY-65:46 

SUBARACHNOID  CISTERNS-65: 47 

The  structural  characteristics  of  the  subarachnoid  cis- 
terns may  be  demonstrated  by  making  a  median  sagittal 
incision  through  the  arachnoid  membrane  in  if&  region  of  the 
anterior  surface  of  the  medulla  oblongata  and  pons  and 


HEAD    AND     NECK  68. 

carefully  reflecting  the  two   flaps  of  the  arachnoid 
laterally. 

CiSTERNA  CnSREEELLOMEDULLARY** - 65 :48 
CI3T3HRA  FOSSAE  LA TEEALIS'  CEREBRI     5YLVIIXX  -65:49 
CISTERNA   CHIASMA.TIS:"-55:5C 
CISTERNA  INTERPEDU\!:.-UL/'iU:SXX -65:51 
CISTERNA  VENAE  MAGNAE'  CERSBRIxx-65:52 
ARACHNCIDAL  GRANULATIONS- 65 i53  See  also  II :l. 

PIA  MATER  OF  TEE  BRAIN-65:54 

p.  Blood  vessel s  of  the  brain 

Demonstratad  by  carefully  removing  the  arachnoid  membrane  with 
scissors  and   forceps  so   far  as  this   can  be  done  without  injuring  or 
lacerating  the  brain  itself. 
VERTEBRAL  ART3RY~48:21 

POSTERIOR  SPINAL  ARTERY xx-48:23 

ANTERIOR  SPINAL  ARTERY;;rx-48:24 

POSTERIOR  INFERIOR  CEREBELLAR  ARTERY-48:26 
BASILAR  ARTERY-  43  'Z  7 

ANTERIOR  INTERIOR  CEREBELLAR  ARTSRY-48:28 

INTERNAL  AUDITORY  ARTERY5*-^^ 

PONTINE  RA.aij:x:c-4o:30 

SUPERIOR  CEREBELLAR  ARTERY-48:3l 

POSTERIOR  CEREBRAL  ARTERY-43:32 

ARTERIAL   CIRCLE  OF  WILLIS-48:33 
INTERNAL  CAROTID  ARTJERY-47 :  68 

POSTERIOR  COMMUNICATING  ARTERY-48:15 

CHORIOID     A  r.  EERY**-  40  :1 6 

ANTERIOR  CEREBRAL  API3;RY-48:l7 

ANTERIOR  COMMUNICATING  ARTERY-48:18 

MIDDLE  CEREBRAL  ARTERY-48:19 
VEINS   OF  THE  ERAIN- 53:41 

For  the  minuses  of  the  dura  mater  see  II;2c.     The  cerebral  veins 

are  tributaries   of  these  sinuses .     The  deeper  veins  cannot  be 

favorably  demonstrated  at  the  present  stage   of  the  dissection; 

the   following  veins  are  superficial  in  position: 

SUPERIOR  CEREBRAL  VEINS-53:42 

MIDDLE  CEREBRAL  VEIN* 53; 43 

INFERIOR  CEREBRAL  VEINS- 53:44 

SUPERIOR  CEREBELLAR  VEINS-53:45 

INFERIOR  CEREBELLAR  VEINS-53:46 

BASAL  VEIN- 53: 51 

3 .  Base  of  the  brain  and  the  cerebral  nef ves 

a.  Base  of  the  brain 

Exposed  by  removing  (with  a  forceps  and  scissors)  the  remaining  parts 
of  meninges  and  blood  vessels  from  the  base  of  the  brain,  care  being 
taken  to  guard  against  the  tearing  away  of  the  cerebral  nerves. 
CEREBRAL  PEDUNCLE3~61:46 
OPTIC  CHIASMA~52:36 
OPTIC  TRACT- 62:33 
INTERPENDUNCULAR  FOSSA-  61 :  42 

ANTERIOR  RECESS** -61:43 

POSTERIOR  RECESSXX-61:44 
POSTERIOR  PERFORATED  SUB STANCE- 61:45 
MAMILLARY  B0DIES-62:26 


HEAD     AND     NECK  69« 


TUBER  CINEREUM-62:28 

INFUNDIBULUM-62 :29 

LONGITUNINAL  FISSURE  OF  CEREBRUM- 63: 8 

LATERAL  FISSURE  OF  CERSBRUM-63:I6 

P0NS-60:19 

MEDULLA  OBLONGATA-59:13 

b.  Cerebral   nerves 

OLFACTORY  NERVES- 6 6:3 
OPTIC  NERVE- 66:4 
OCULOMOTOR  NERVE- 66: 5 
TROCHLEAR  NSRVE-66:9 
TRIGEMINAL  NERVE-66;11 

PORTIO  MAJOR- 66:12 

PORTIO  MINOR- 66: 14 
ABDUCENS   NERVE- 67: 46 
FACIAL  NERVE- 67: 47 

INTERMEDIATE  NERVE- 67: 63 
ACOUSTIC  NERVE-67:65 

VESTIBULAR  R00T-67:56 

COCHLEAR  ROOT-67:67 
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL  NERVE- 68:8 
VAGUS  NERVE-68:22 
ACCESSORY  N3RVS-6S:57 
HYPOGLOSSAL  NERVE- 68: 60 


XII «  Brain:  Surface  Anatomy  of  the  Rhombencephalon  and  Mesencephalon 
1..  Rhombencephalon-59:ll 

To  facilitate  the  exposure  of  structures  in  the  rhombencephalon  and 
mesencephalon  the  following  incisions  may  be  made  for  the  removal  of 
the  right  hemisphere  of  the  cerebrum  and  the  right  half  of  the 
cerebellum:  a)  with  a  sharp,  thin  knife  unking  a  transverse  incision 
through  the  right  cerebral  peduncle  just  behind  the  right  corpus 
mamillare,.  pressing  apart  the  two  cerebral  hemispheres,  exposing  the 
corpus  callosum  and  beginning  at  the  corpus  callosum,  making  a  nearly 
median  sagittal  incision  through  all  the  structures  in  the  middle 
line  of  the  prosencephalon;  the  latter  incision  should  preferably 
pass  slightly  to  the  left  of  the  midline,  leave  the  septum  pellucidum 
attached  to  the  right  hemisphere,  and  then  carried  posteriorly  until 
it  meets  the  transverse  incision  just  made  through  the  cerebral 
peduncle  and  thus  detaching  the  right  cerebral  hemisphere ;  b)  in  the 
same  manner  a  second  median  sagittal  incision  is  nade  through  the 
vermis  of  the  cerebellum,  guarding  against  cutting  into  the  floor  of 
the  fourth  ventricle  but  carrying  the  incision  forward  through  the 
anterior  medullary  velum  as  far  as  the  inferior  colliculi  of  the 
mesencephalon;  finally  by  cutting  through  the  brachium  conjunctivum, 
brachium  pontis  and  the  corpus  restiforme  on  the  right,  the  right 
half  of  the  cerebellum  is  detached,  (both  the  right  cerebral  hemis- 
phere and  the  right  half  of  the  cerebellum  being  transferred  to  pre- 
serving fluid  for  later  reference.) 


HEAP     AND     NECK  70, 

a.  Medulla  oblongata- 59:13 

POSTERIOR  MEDIAN  FISSURE-59:14 
ANTERIOR  MEDIAN  FISSURE-59:15 
FORAMEN  CAECUM-59:16 
PYRAMID-59:17 

DECUSSATION  OF  PYRAMIDS-59:18 
ANTERIOR  LATERAL  SULCUS~59;19 
POSTERIOR  LATERAL  SULCUS-59:20 
0LIVE-59:21 
RESTIFORM  BODY- 5 9:22 
FUNICULUS  LATERALIS-59:23 
FUNICULUS  CUNEATUS-59:24 
TUBERCULUM  CINEREUM-59:25 
FUNICULUS  GRACILIS-59:26 

CLAVA-59:27 
EXTERNAL  ARCUATE  FIBERS-59:28 

b.  Pons-60:19 

BASILAR  SULCUS-60:20 
BRACHIUM  P0NTIS-60:23 

c  Isthmus   of  rhombencephalon-61:25 

BRACHIUM  C0NJUNCTIVUM-61:26 
LEMNISCUS-61:27 

TRIGONUM  LEMNISCT- 61:30 
ANTERIOR  MEDULLARY  VELUM-6l:31 

FRENULUM  OF  ANTERIOR  MEDULLARY  VELUM-61:32 

d.  Cerebellum 

GYRI  OF  THE  CEREBELLUM- 60: 54 
SULCI  OF  THE  CEREBELLUM- 60: 55 
VALLECULA  CEREBSLLI-60:56 
INCISURA  CEREBELLI  ANTERIOR- 60: 57 
INCISUBA   CEREBELLI  P0STERI0R-60:58 
HORIZONTAL  SULCUS- 60: 59 
TRANSVERSE  FISSURExx-6O:60 
VESMES-60:61 

LINGULA  CEREBELLI- 60: 62 ,    63 
CENTRAL  LOBE- 60: 64 
M0NTICULUS-60:65 
CULMEN-60:66 
DECLIVE-60:67 
FOLIUM  VERMIS-60:68 
TUBER  VERMIS- 60: 69 
UVULA- 60: 71 
N0DULE-60:72 
HEMISPHERE  OF  CEREBELLUM- 60: 73 
SUPERIOR  SURFACE- 60: 14 

ALA  LOBULI  CENTRALIS-60:75 
LOBULUS   QUADRANGULARIS-60:7<; 
PARS  ANTERIOR- 60: 77 
PARS  POSTERIOR- CO :78 
LOBULUS  SOtrULHARIS  SUPERIOR-61 :1 
INFERIOR  SURFACE- 61:2 

LOBULUS  SEMILUNARIS  INFERIOR-61 :3 
LOBULUS  BIVENTER-61:4 
TONSIL  OF  CEREBULLU  M-61:5 
FL0CCULUS-61:6 


HEAD    AND     NECK  71  • 

2.  Fourth  ventride-59:58 

a.  Floor  of  the  fourth  ventricle 
RHOMBOID  F0SSA-59:59 

PARS  INFERIOR  ^CALAMUS  SCRIPTORIUSJ-59:60 
PARS  INTERMEDIA-59:62 

LATERAL  RECESS-59:63 
PARS  SUPERI0R~59:64 
SULCUS  LIMITANS-59: 65 

FOVEA  INFERIOR- 59: 66 

FOVEA  SUPERIOR-60:l 
SIGONUM  N.  HYP0GL0SSI-6O:2 
STRIPS  MEDULLARES-60:3 
EMINENTIA  MEDIALIS-60:4 
Y 3LLI CULUS  FACIALIS- 60 : 5 
ALA  CINERSA-60:6 
AREA  ACUSTICA-60:7 
LOCUS  CAERULEUS-60:8 

b.  Roof  of  the  fourth  ventricle-6Q:9 

POSTERIOR  MEDULLARY  VELUM- 60: 10 
TAENIA  VENTRICULI  QUARTI-60:11 

OBEX- 60:12 
EPITHELIAL  CHORIOID  LAYER-60:13  - 

MEDIAN  APERTURE  {^FORAMEN  OF  MAGENDIEJ-60:14 

LATERAL  APSRTURE-60:16 
FAS TIGIUM- 60:17 

3.  Mesencephalon-63  :40 

For  structures  relative  to  the  inferior  surface  of  the  mesencephalon- 
61:41-45,  see  XT :3a. 

CEREBRAL  PEDUNCLES- 61:46 

AQUAEDUCTUS  CEREBRI- 61 :47 

SULCUS  LATERALIS- 61:48 

SULCUS  N.  0CUL0M0T0RII-61:49 
QUADRIGEMINAL  B0DIES-62:1 

LAMINA  QUADRIGEMINA-62:2 

COLLI CULUS  SUPERIOR- 62: 3 

COLLICULUS   INFERI0R-62:4 

BRACHIUM  QUADRIGEMINUM  SUPERIUS-62 :5 

BRACHIUM  QUADRIGEMINULI  INFERIUS-62  :6 

XIII.  Brain:  Surface  Anatomy  of  the  Prosencephalon 
XI     General  subdivisions   of  the  prosencephalon 

The  remaining  cerebral  hemisphere  may  be  detached  by  carefully  cut- 
ting through  the  left  cerebral  peduncle   just  posterior  to  the  left 
mamillary  body,   the  rhombencephalon  and  mesencephalon  being  trans- 
ferred to  preserving  fluid  for    -  later  reference. 
PROSENCEPHALON- 62 :12 

DIENCSPHALON-62 :13 

THA.  LAMENCEPHALON-62  :51 
PARS  MAMMILLARIS  HYPOTHALAMI- 62:2 5 
TELENCEPHALON- 63 : 5 


HEAD     AND     NECK  72, 

HEMISPHERE-63:6 

EARS  OPTICA  HYPOTHALAMI-62:37 


3.     Telencephalon 


a,  Pallium:    general  characteristics 

LONGITUDINAL  FISSURE  OF  CEREBRUM-63:8 
TRANSVERSE  FISSURE   OF  CEREBRUM-63:9 
SULCI  OF  THE  CEREBRUM- 63: 13 
GYRI  OF  THE   CEREBRUM-63 :10 
GYRI  PROFUNDI- 63: 11 
GYRI  TRANSITIVI- 63:12 
GRAY  SUBSTANCE-58:5 
WHITE  SUBSTANCE-58:4 
PETROSAL  IMPRESSION-63:14 
LATERAL  CEREBRAL  FOSSA-63:15 
LATERAL  CEREBRAL  FISSURE     SYLVIAN  -63:16 
POSTERIOR  RAMUS-63 :17 
ASCENDING  ANTERIOR  RAMUS- 63:18 
HORIZONTAL  ANTERIOR  RAMUS-63 :19 
The  pallium  as  a  whole  is  subdivided  into  the  following  five  lobes 
and  related  fissures  and  sulci: 
LATERAL  CEREBRAL  FISSURE  fSYLVIANl-63:16 
CENTRAL  SULCUS -63:30 
PARIETO-OCCIPITAL  FISSURE-64:12 
COLLATERAL  FISSURE-63:60 
CIRCULAR  SULCUS -63:25 
FRONTAL  LOBE- 63: 33 
TEMPORAL  LOBE- 63: 50 
OCCIPITAL  L0BE-63:63 
PARIETAL  L0BE-63:70 
INSULA-63 :21 

b.  Lobes  of  the  cerebrum 
FRONTAL  L0BE-63:33 

FRONTAL  POLE- 63:34 
ANTERIOR  CENTRAL  GYRUS-63:3l 
PRECENTRAL  SULCUS-63:35 
SUPERIOR  FRONTAL  GYRUS- 63:3 6 
SUPERIOR  FRONTAL  SULCUS-63:37 
MIDDLE  FRONTAL  GYRUS-63:38 
PARS  SUPERIOR- 63:3 9 
PARS  INFERIOR- 63: 40 
INFERIOR  FRONTAL  SULCUS- 63:41 
INFERIOR  FRONTAL  GYRUS- 63:42 
PARS   DPERCULARIS-63:43 
PARS  TRIANGULARIS- 63:44 
PARS   CRBITALIS-63:45 
STRIGHT  GYRUS-63:46 
OLFACTORY  SULCUS- 63: 47 
ORBITAL  GYRI-63:48 
ORBITAL  SULCI-63 :49 
PARIETAL  LOBE- 63: 70 

POSTERIOR  CENTRAL  GYRUS-63:32 
SUPERIOR  PARIETAL  LOBULE- 63: 71 
INTERPARIETAL  SULCUS- 63: 72 
INFERIOR  PARIETAL  L0BULE-63:73 


HEA3     AJI3     KECK  73. 

SUPRAMARGINAL  GYR*J5-63:74 

ANGULAR  GYRUS- 63: 75 
TEMPORAL  LOBE- 63: 50 

TEMPORAL  POLS- 63 : 51 
TRANSVERSE  TEMPORAL  SULCI-63&52 
TRANSVERSE  TEMPORAL  GYRI- 63: 53 
SUPERIOR  TEMPORAL  GYRUS- 63: 54 
SUPERIOR  TEMPORAL  SULCUS-63:55 
MIDDLE  TEMPORAL  GYRUS-63:56 
MIDDLE  TEMPORAL  SULCUS-63:57 
INFERIOR  TEMPORAL  GYRUS-63:58 
INFERIOR  TEMPORAL  SULCUS-63:59 
COLLATERAL  FISSURE- 63 : 60 
FTJLIFORM  GYRUS~63:61 
LINGUAL  GYRUS -63: 62 
OCCIPITAL  L0BE-63:62 

OCCIPITAL  P0LE-63:64 
TRANSVERSE  OCCIPITAL  SULCUS-63:65 
SUPERIOR  OCCIPITAL  GYRI-63:66 
SUPERIOR  OCCIPITAL  SULCI-63:67 
LATERAL  OCCIPITAL  GYRI-63:68 
LATERAL  OCCIPITAL  SULCI- 53: 69 
INSULA- 63^21 

OPERCULUM- 63:2  6 

PARS  FRONTALIS- 63:2  7 

PARS  PARIETALIS-63:28 

PARS   TEMPORALIS- 63:2  9 
GYRI  INS ULAE- 63:22 

Exposed  by  pulling  apart  the  margins  of  the  lateral  fissurq 

cutting  amy  a  part  of  the  operculum  if  necessary. 

GYRUS  LONGUS  INSULAE-63 :23 

GYRI  BREVES  INSULAE-63 :24 
SULCUS  CENTRALIS-63:30 
SULCUS  CIRCULARIS-63:25 

c.  Medial  surface   of  the  hemisphere-63 :76 
SULCUS  CORPORIS  CALLOSI-63 :77 
SULCUS  CINGULI-63:78 

PARS  SUBFRQNTALIS-63&79 

PARS  MARGINALIS-64:1 
SULCUS  SUBPARIETALIS-64:2 
FISSURA  HIPPOCAMPI -64: 3 

In  the   fissura  hippocampi  the  fascia  dentata  hippoeaiapi-54:56, 

and  the  fimbria  hippocanipi-64:53,   may  be  observed. 
GYRUS  F0RNICATUS-64:4 

GYRUS  CINGULI-64:5 

ISTHMUS  GYRI  F0RNICATI-64:6 

GYRUS  HIPPOCAMPI- 64:4 

UNCUS-64:8 
SUBSTANTIA  RETICULARIS  ALBA-64:9 
LOBULUS  PARACENTRALIS-64:10 
PRAECUMSUS-64:ll 
FISSURA  PARIET00CCIPITALIS-64:12 
FISSURA  CALCARINA-64:13 
CUKE US- 64: 14 


H5AD     AKD     KECK  74. 

d.  Rhinencephglon-64:58 

SULCUS  PAROLFACTORIUS  ANT£RI0R-54:59 
PARS  ANTERIOR- 64: 60 

LOBUS  0EFACT0RIUS-64:61 

BULBUS  0LFACT0RIUS-64:62 
TRACTUS   0LFACT0RIUS-64:63 
TRIGONUM  0LFACT0RIUM-64:64 
STRIA  MEDlALIS-64:65 
STRIA  INTERMEDIA-64:66 
AREA  PAR0LFACT0RIA-64:67 
SULCUS  PAROLFACTORIUS  POSTERIOR- 64^68 
PARS  P0STERI0R-64:69 

GYRUS  SUBCALL0SUS-64:70 

SUBSTANTIA  PERFORATA  ANTERIOR- 64: 71 
STRIA  OLFACTORIA  LATERALIS- 64 : 72 
LIMEN  INSULAE-64:73 

e.  Hypothalamus- 62:24 

PARS  OPTICA  HYE0THALAMI-62:27 

Only  the  optic  part  of  the  hypothalamus  is  in  relation  to  the 

telencephalon;  the  mamillary  part-62:25,  includes  the  corpus 

mamillare-62  :26. 

TUBER  CIMEREUM- 62:28 

INFUNDIBULUM-62 :29 

HYP0PHYSIS-62:30 

LOBUS  ANTERIOR- 62: 31 

LOBUS  POSTERIOR- 62 :32 
TRACTUS  0PTICUS-62:33 

RADIX  MEDIALIS- 62:34 

RADIX  LATERALIS-62 :35 
CHIASM  0PTICUM-62:36 
LAMINA  TERMNALIS-62  :37 

_f .  Corpas  ca.j.losum~64:15 

The  corpus  callosum  may  be  demonstrated  by  slicing  off  the  upper  part 
of  the  right  hemisphere  at  the  level  of  the  sulcus  cinguli    (incident- 
ally exposing  the  centrum  semiovale-64:76) ,   cutting  transversely 
through  the  middle  of  the   gyrus  cinguli  and  carefully  tearing  away 
the  anterior  and  posterior  parts  of  the   gyrus  cinguli,   exposing  at 
the  same  time  parts  of  the  radiatio  corporis  callosi-65:6-ll,  and 
the  cingulum-65:2. 
SPLENIUM  CORPORIS   CALL0SIr.64:16 
TRUNCUS  CORPORIS  CALL0SI-64:17 
GENU  CORPORIS  CALL0SI-64;18 
ROSTRUM  CROPORIS  CALL0SI-64:19 

LAMIE1  ROSTRALIS- 64:20 
STRIAE  TRANS VERSAE- 64:21 
STRIA  LONGITUDINALIS  MEDIALIS-64 :22 
STRIA  LONGITUDINALIS  LATERALIS- 64:23 
FASCIOLA  CINEREA-64:24 

g.  Ventriculus  lateralis-64:35 

The  lateral  ventricle  may  be  exposed  by  making  the  following  dissec- 
tions: a)  making  a  longitudinal  incision  through  the  corpus  callosum 
about  1  cm.  from  the  medial  sagittal  plane,  reflect  lateralward  and 
detacn  the  part  of  the  corpus  callosum  lateral  to  the  incision,  tak- 
ing care  to  leave  in  situ  the  part  of  the  corpus     callosum  medial  to 


HEAD     AND     KECK  "75. 

the   incision  an.^l  the   papa   occipitalis    of  the   radiatin  corporis 
callosi-65:10;  b)    cutting  backward  ^M   latpral\7ard  through  th8 
medullary  substance   forming  the   roof   of   the  ventricular   cav£*y,   i-cmove 
enough  of  the  rocf  to  expose   the  interior  of  the   central  part   of  the 
cavity;   c)   to  open  the  inferior  cornu  extend  the  preceding  incision 
downward  and  forward  through  the  lateral  part  of  the  temporal  lobe 
towards  the  temporal  pole,    following  the  course   of  the  cavity  (which 
lies  nearly  parallel  to  the  superior  temporal  sulcus),   and  remove  the 
part  of  the  temporal  lobe  superior  to  this  incision  together  with  the 
pars  temporalis   of  the   operculum-63 :36,   but   guarding  the   insula  from 
injury. 
CORNU  ANTERIUS-64:37 

CAPUT'  NUCLEI   CAUDATI-64:42 
PARS   CENTRALIS-64:3  6 

NUCLEUS  CAUDATUS- 64:41 

STRIA  TERMINALIS - 64 : 44 

TERMINAL  VEIN-63:50 

LAMINA  AFFICA- 64:45 

LAMINA  CKORIOIDEA  EP"THELIALIS-64:47 

PLEXUS  CHORIOIDEUS   VENTRICULI  LATERALIS-65:62 

TAENIA  CHORI OIDEA- 64 : 64 

THALAMUS- 62  :  52  Largely  covered  by  the   chorioid  plexus. 

TAENIA  FCRNICIS-64:28 
CORNU  PCSTERIUS-64:38 

TAPETUM-65:11         With  reference   only  to  the  roof  and  lateral 
wall   of  the  posterior  cornu. 

CALCAR  A'VIS-64:48 

(BULB US  CORNU  POSTERIORIS) -64:49 
CORNU  INFERIUS-64:39 

The  mutual  relations  of  the  inferior  cornu  and  the  insula  may  be 

more  thoroughly  examined  by  insinuating  the  fingers  beneath  the 

pars  frontalis  and  pars  parietalis  of  the  operculum-63 :27,  28, 

and  carefully  tearing  away  the  cortex  in  an  upward  direction. 

The  following  two  structures  are  in  relation  to  the  inferior 

wall: 

ENINENTIA  CCLLATERALIS-64:50         Sometimes  absent. 
TRI  GONDII  COLLATERALS-  64 :  51 

The   following  structures  are   in  relation  to   the  lateral  and 

superior  walls  of  the  inferior  cornu: 

TAPETUM-65:11 

NUCLE  US  AMYGDALAE -65:21 

STRIA  TERMINALIS- 64:44 

CAUDA  NUCLEI   CAUDATI-64:43 

In  relation  to  the  medial  wall  the  following  structures  may  be 

observed: 

HIPP0CAMPUS-64:52 

DIGITATIONES  HIPPOCAMPI-64 : 55 
FIMBRIA  HIPPOCAMPI - 64 : 53 

CHORIOID  PLEXUS-65:62 

TAENIA  FIMBRIAE -64: 54 

h.  Septum  peilucidumr    fornix  an^  t.Ria   cJaccLQajiea 

The   septum  pellucidum  and   fornix  are  exposed  by  cutting  through  the 
occipital  part  of  the  radiation  of  the   corpus  callosum  (of  the  right 
hemisphere)  and  through  the  fimbria  hippocampi  at  the  point  where  it 
passes  into  the  crus  fornicis,   then  carrying  the  knife  anteriorly  from 
the  anterior  end  of  the  inferior  horn,   above  the  level  of  the  uncus, 


HEAD     AND     NECK  76.- 

through  the  temporal  pole,   separating  the  temporal  lobe,  together 
with  the  hippocampal  gyrus  medial  to  it,    from  the  remainder  of  the 
brain  along  the  line  of  the  transverse   fissure  of  the  cerebrum; 
finally  paring  away  enough  of  the  cut  edge  of  the  medial  part  of  the 
corpus   callosum  necessary  to  satisfactorily  demonstrate  the  septum 
pellucidum  and  fornix. 
SEPTUM  PELLUCIDUM- 64:32 

LAMINA.  SEPTI  PELLUCIDI- 64:33 
CAVUM  SEPTI  PELLUCIDI-64:34 

Exposed  by  cutting  through  the  remaining  medial  part  of 
the  corpus  callosum  just  posterior  to  the   genu,   carefully 
detaching  it  from  the  septum  pellucidum  and  fornix  and 
separating  the  two  laminae  of  the  septum. 
FORNIX- 64:2 5 

CRUS  F0RNICIS-64:26 
CORPUS  F0RNICIS-64:27 

TAENIA  FORNICIS- 64:28 
COLUMNA  FORNICIS-64:29 

PARS  LIBERA  COLUMNAE  FORNICIS- 64:30 
PARS  TECTA  COLUMNAE  F0RNICIS-64:31 
TELA  CHORIOIDEA  VENTRICULI  TERTII-65:60 

Exposed  by  cutting  transversely  through  the  middle  of  the  corpus 
fernicie,   carefully  raising  the  two  parts   of  the  fornix  and 
reflecting  them  anteriorly  and  posteriorly,    noting  the 
commissura  hippocampi-64:57,   situated  between  the  crura  of 
the   fornix. 

INTERNAL  CEREBRAL  VEIKS-53  :47  -    ' 

VEIN  OF  SEPTUM  PELLUCIDUM- 53  :49 
TERMINAL  VEIN-53:50 
CHORIOID  VEIN-53:52 
PLEXUS   CHORIOIDEUS  VENTRICULI  LATERALIS-65:62 

GLOMUS   CHORIOIDEUM-65:63 
PLEXUS  CHORIOIDEUS   VENTRICULI  TERTII-65:61 

Exposed  by  dividing  the  terminal  vein  at  its   junction  with 
the  internal  cerebral  vein,    seising  the  apex  of  the  tela 
chorioidea  and  pulling  it  backwards  exposing  the   cavity 
of  the  third  ventricle,   but   guarding  against  injury  to  the 
attachments   of  the  corpus  pineale-62:62 

2.     Thalamencephalon-62:51 

a.  Thalamus-62:52 

PULVTNAR-62:53 

TUBERCULUM  ANTERIUS  THALAMI-62:54 

-TAENIA  THALAMI-62:55 

STRIA  MEDULLARIS-62:56 

LAMINA  CHORIOIDEA  EPITHEUALIS-62  :57 

b.  Metathalamus-62:58 

CORPUS  GENICULATUIti  MEDIALE-62:59 
CORPUS  GENICULATUM  LATERALE-62:60 

c.  Epithalamus-62 : 61 

CORPUS  PINEALE-62:62 
RECESSUS  PlNEALIS-52:63 
RECESSUS  SUPRAPINEALIS-62:64 
HABENULA-62:65 


HEAD  Aim     NECK 

G  QMMISS  URA.  HA3ENULARUM-  62 : 6 5 
TRIGONUM  HA3ENULAS-62 : 67 

Ventri cuius  tertius-82 :I4 

ADTTUS  AD  AQUAEDUCTUM  CEREBRI- 62  :15 
COMMISSURA  POSTERIOR- 62:1 6 
FORAMEN  V3NTRICULARE-62:17 
S  ULCUS  HYPOTHALAMI C  US - 62 : 1 8 
MASSA  INTERM3DIA-62:19 
RECESSUS  0PTICUS-62:20 
RECESS  US  INFUNDIBULI - 62 :21 
COMMISSURA  ANTERIOR- 62  :22 
RECESSUS  TRIAUGULARISJ-62:23 


XIV.  Br^Jri» Sections  through  the  braijl 

The  majority  of  the  structures  to  be  observed  in  stained  and  unstain- 
ed sections  of  the  brain  require  a  hand  lens  or  microscope  for  their 
demonstration.  These  structures  have  not  been  repeated  in  detail 
here  since  they  are  giver,  complete  in  part  II,  as  originally  listed 
in  the  B  N  A. 

1.  Structures  in  section  of  the  medulla  obloneata-59:2  9-57 

Exposed  in  transverse  sections  made  at  (a)  the  level  of  the  decus- 
sation of  the  pyramids;  (b)  between  the  decussation  of  the  pyramids 
and  the  olives;  and  (c)  through  the  middle  of  the  olives. 

2.  Structures  in  sections  of  the  pons-62 :24-52 

Demonstrated  in  transverse  sections  made  at  (a)  about  the  junction 
of  the  pens  and  medulla,  passing  through  point  of  entrance  of  the 
acoustic  nerve;  (b)  at  the  level  of  the  roots  of  the  facial  and 
abducens  nerves;  (c)  at  the  level  of  the  roots  of  the  trigeminal 
nerves,  and  (d)  through  the  anterior  medullary  velum  and  the  middle 
of  the  pons. 

3.  Structures  in  sections  of  the  cerebeIlum-61 :10-24 

Demon 

Demonstrated  in  the  following  sections:  a)  a  median  sagittal  section 

through  the  vermis;  b)  a  frontal  section  through  about  the  middle  of 

one  half  the  cerebellum;  and  c)  a  horizontal  section  through  the 

other  half  of  the  cerebellum  in  the  plane  of  the  brachium  cc     '..i 

conjunctivum. 

4.  Structures  in  sections  of  the  rhombencerahalic  isthmus  and  the  . 

me  s  e  nc e pha Ion. 
Demonstrated  in  transverse  sections  made  (a)  through  the  inferior 
colliculus  at  the  level  of  the  nucleus  of  the  trochlear  nerve;  and 
(b)  through  the  superior  colliculus  and  lateral  geniculate  body  at 
the  level  of  the  roots  of  the  oculomotor  nerve  and  the  nucleus  ruber, 

a.  Sections  of  the  isthmus  rhombencephali-61 '33-3  5 

b.  Sections  of  the  pedunculus  cerebri-61: 50-65 


HEAn  pg  KECK  78. 

c ,  In  sections  of  the  corpora  quadrigemina-62 :7-ll 

5.  Structures  in  sections  through  the  prosencephalon 

For  the  demonstration  of  these  structures,  horizontal  sections 
about  -g-  to  1  cm.  thick  should  be  made  through  the  remainder  of  the 
right  cerebral  hemisphere*  In  the  left  hemisphere,  which  should 
have  been  retained  intact,  either  vertical  frontal  or  obliquely 
frontal  sections  may  be  made. 

The  vertical  frontal  sections  should  pass  through  the  following 
regions:  a)  through  the  genu  of  the  corpus  callosum;  b)  through  the 
septum  pellucidum  between  the  body  and  rostrum  of  the  corpus 
callosum;  c)  through  the  tips  of  the  temporal  lobes;  d)  through  the 
foramen  interventriculare ;  e)  through  the  corpora  mamillaria;  f) 
through  the  subthalamic  region;  g)  through  the  upper  end  of  the 
aquaeductus  cerebri. 

The  bbliquely  frontal  sections  should  all  be  parallel  to  the  sulcus 
centralis  and  pass  through  the  follov/ing  regions  (in  accordance  with 
the  method  of  fitris,  1877):  a)  through  the  iobus  frontalis  about 
5  cm.  anterior  to  the  sulcus  centralis;  b)  through  the  pars 
opercularis  of  the  gyrus  frontalis  inferior  and  the  corresponding 
portions  of  the  gyrus  medius  and  gyrus  frontalis  superior;  c) 
through  the  middle  of  the  gyrus  centralis  anterior;  d)  through  the 
middle  of  the  gyrus  centralis  posterior;  e)  through  the  anterior 
end?  of  the  lobulus  parietalis  superior  and  lobulus  parietalis 
inferior;  f)  through  the  posterior  part  cf  the  cerebrum  about  1  cm. 
anterior  to  the  fissura  parietooccipitalis. 

In  addition  to  the  preceding  horizontal  and  frontal  sections,  the 
following  sections  are  especially  instructive:  a)  through  the  brain 
in  a  plane  passing  parallel  to  the  course  of  the  brachia  conjunctive 
and  through  them;  and  b)  through  the  brain  in  a  plane  parallel  to 
the  course  of  the  cerebral  peduncles  and  through  them. 

a.  Sections  of  the  hypothalamus-62 :38-5Q 

b.  Sections  of  the  thaIamencephalon-62 : 68-73,  63:1-4 

c.  Sections  of  the  telencephalon-64:75-77.  65:1-31 

XV.   Organ  of  Vision. 
1.  Optic  nerve-73:4  See  also  X:10b. 

VAGINAE 'N.  0PTICI-73:5 
SPATIA  INTERVAGINALIS-73:6 

JL_„Bulbus  oculi^73:J7 

As  a  rule,  the  ordinary  cadaver  material  is  not  favorable  for  the 
present  purpose  and  must  consequently  be  supplemented  by  eyeballs 
obtained  from  the  ox  or  pig,  in  which  the  various  structures  may  be 
demonstrated  in  both  fresh  specimens  and  in  material  hardened  in 
formalin.  The  conjunctiva  and  fascia  bulbi  are  caught  with  a 
forceps,  cut  through  close  to  and  entirely  around  the  cornea  and 
these  structures  together  with  any  other  soft  parts  removed  from  the 
surface  of  the  sclera,  and  two  hardened  eyeballs  cut  into  halves, 
the  onc»  by  a  sagittal  and  the  other  by  a  coronal  section. 


HEAD     AND     NECK  79. 

ANTERIOR  P0LE-73:8 

POSTERIOR  P0LE-73:9 

EQUATOR-73:10 

MERIDIANS-73  Ml 

EXTERNAL  AXIS  OF  EYEBALL-73 :12 

INTERNAL  AXIS   OF  EYEBALL-73 : 13 

OPTIC  AXIS-73:14 

ftlNE  OF  VISI0N|-73:15 

Ophthalmic  vesicle* -73 :1 6 

Ophthalmic   cuj£-73:17 

3.     Tunica  fibrosa  oculi-73:18 

a.  Sclera-73:19 

Exposed  by  cutting  through  the  sclera  at  the  equator  with  a  sharp 

knife  and  with  a  scissors  carrying  the  incision  completely  around 

the  eyeball  along  the  line  of  the  equator  (carefully  guarding  against 

injury  to  the  black  chorioid  coat)  ;  separating  both  parts  of  the 

sclera  from  the  subjacent  structures  and  reflecting  the  anterior 

part  forwards,  breaking  the  attachment  of  the  ciliary  muscle  to  its 

deep  surface,  and    .  separating    the  posterior  part  by  dividing 

the  fibers  of  the  optic  nerve  in  a  plane  corresponding  to  the  inner 

surface  of  the  sclera. 

SULCUS  SCLERAE- 73:20 

RIM  CORNEALIS-73  :21 

SINUS   VENOSUS  3CLERAE-73 :22 

LAMINA  FUSCA-73:23 

LAMINA  CRIBROSA  SCLERAE-73 :24 

(RAPHE  SCLERAS) -73:2 5 

(FUNICULUS  SCLERAE) -73:2 6 

b.  Cornea-73:27 


ANNULUS   CONJUNCTIVAE-73 :28 

VERTEX  C0RNSAE-73:3  9 

LIMBUS   C0RNEAE-73:30 

FACIES  ANTERI0R-73:31 

FACIES  POSTERIOR-.^: 32 

The  following  structures  can  only  be  adequately  demonstrated  in  thin 

sections  by  means  of  a  hand  lens  and  microscope. 

EPITHELIUM  CORNEAE -73 :? - 

LAMINA  ELASTICA  ANTERIOR- 73 :34 

SUBSTANTIA  PROPRIA- 73 :35 

LAMINA.  ELASTICA  POSTERIOR- 73  :3  6 

ENDOTHELIUM  CAMERAE  ANTERIORIS-73 :37 

4.     Tunica  vasculosa  oculi-73:38 

a.   Chorioidea-73:3  :j 

LAMINA  SUPRACHORIOIDEA- 73:40 
SPATIUM  PERICH0RI0IDEALE-73:41 
LAMINA  VASCUL0SA-73 :42 

The   vorticose   vei  -.s-53:6Gf   are   exposed  by  brushing  away  the 

pigment with  a  camel's  hair  brush. 
LAMINA  CH0RI0CAPILLARIS-73:43 
LAMINA  BASALIS-73 :44 
(RAPHS  CH0RI0IDEAE)-73:45 


HEAD     AND     NECK  80. 

b.  Corpus   ciliare-73  :46 
CORONA  CILIARIS-73 :47 

Demonstrated  by  making  a  coronal   section  through  an  eyeball 
slightly  anterior  to  the  equator  and  carefully  removing  the 
vitreous  humor  from  the  anterior  segment   of  the   eyeball. 
PROCESSUS  CILIARES-73&48 
PLICAE   CILIARE3-73 :49 
ORBICULARIS   CILIARIS-73: 50 
CILIARY  MUSCLS-73 :  51 

The   following  fibers  require  a  microscope   for  their 
adequate   demonstration: 
FIBRAE  MERIDIONALES-73 : 52 
FIBRAE   CIRCULARES-73 : 53      ■   ' 
PLEXUS   GMGLI0SU3   CILIARIS-73  :  54 

c.JEris-73_:J35. 

Exposed  by  cutting  around  the  sclerocorneal    junction  and  removing 
the   cornea,   making  several  meridional  incisions   through  the  anterior 
part  of  tne  sclera;   the  strips   of  sclera  may  then  be  separated  from 
the  ciliary  muscle,   bent  aside  and  pinned  to  the   bottom  of  a  cork- 
lined  tray  filled  with  water,   the  iris  examined  and  then  removed  for 
a  more  complete   demonstration  of   its   structure. 
MARGO  PUPILLARIS-73:56 
MARGO  CILIARIS-73 : 57 
FACIES  ANTSRI0R-73:58 
FACIES  P0STERI0R-74:1 
ANNULUS  IRTDIS  MAJ0R-74:2 
ANNULUS  IRIDIS  MIN0R-74:3 
PITCAE  :;iIDIS-74:4 
PUPILLA-74:5 

SPHINCTER  MUSCLE  OF  PUPIL-74:6 
STROMA  IRIDIS-74:7 
DILATOR  MUSCLE  OF  PUPIL-74:8 
PECTINATE  LIGAMENT  OF  IRIS-74:9 
SPATIA  ANGULI  IRIDIS»74:10 
GREATER  ARTERIAL  CIRCLE-74:11 
LESSER  ARTERIAL  CIRCLE-74:12 
(MEMBRANA  PUPILLARIS )x-74 : 13 

d.  Ciliary  nerves  and  vessels 
SHORT  CILIARY  NSRVES-66:37 
LONG  CILIARY  NERVES-66:25 
SHORT  POSTERIOR  CILIARY  ARTSRIES-47:75 
LONG  POSTERIOR  CILIARY  ARTERIES-47:76 
ANTERIOR  CILIARY  ARTERIES -48:1 
VENAE  V0RTIC0SAE-53:60 

5-     Pigment  layer->74:14 

Exposed  by  removing  the  chorioidea  under  water. 
STRATUM  PIGMENT!  RETTNAE-74:15 
STRATUM  PIGMENT!  CORPORIS   CILIARIS-74 : 1 6 
STRATUM  PGIMENTI  IRIDIS-74:17 

6.     Retina-74:18 

Exposed  by  removing  the   chorioidea  from  eyegall   from  which  the 


HEAD     AND     NECK  "•     81. 

sclera  and  cornea  hare  already  been  taken  away. 
PARS  OPTICA  RETINAE-74;19 

ORA  SERRATA- 74:20 
PARS   CILIARIS  RETINAS-74:21 
PAPILLA  N.   0PTICI-74:22 
EXCAVATIC  PAPILLAE   N.  0PTICI-74:23 
MACULA  LUTEA-74:24 
FOVEA.  CENTRALIS-74:25 
VASA  SANGUINEA  RETINAE-74:26-34 

May  be  examined  in  the  living  eye  with  the  ophthalmoscope* 

7.  Vitreous  body-74:38 

Obtained  "from  an  eyeball  which  has  been  kept  for  several  days  without 
preservatives,  by  dividing  the  coats  of  the  eye  at  the  equator,  care- 
fully turning  back  the  cut  edges  and  allowing  the  "eye-kernel" 
(vitreous  body  and  crystalline  lens)  to  slip  out  into  a  vessel  of 
water;  the  demonstration  of  the  hyaloid  membrane,  capsule  of  the  lens, 
and  the  zonula  ciliaris  may  also  be  facilitated  by  staining  for  a 
few  minutes  in  strong  picrocarmin  solution  and  washing  in  water, 
HYALOID  ARTERYx-74:3  9 
CANALIS  HYALOIDSA- 74:40 
FOSSA  HYAL0ID3A-74:41 
MEMBRANA  HYAL0IDSA-74:42 

STROMA.  VITREUM-74:43 

HUMOR  VITPEUS-74:44 

8.  Zonula  ci!iaris-74:59 

FIBRAE  ZONULAEES-74.60 

SPATIA  Z0NULARIA-74:61 

Their  structural  characteristics  may  be  demonstrated  by  in- 
serting the  point  of  a  fine  blow-pipe  into  the  spaces  and 
inflating  them  with  air. 

9.  Crystalline  lens-74:45 

Isolated   for   observation  by  cutting  through  the   zonular  fibers   of 

the   zonula  ciliaris  and  removing  the  lens. 

CAPSULA  LENTIS-74: 51 

POLUS  ANTERIOR  LENTIS-74: 52 

POLUS  POSTERIOR  LENTIS-74:53 

FACIES  ANTERIOR  LENTIS-74:54 

FACIES  POSTERIOR  LENTIS-74:55 

AXIS  LENTIS-74: 56 

AEQUATOR  LENTIS-74 : 5  7 

RADII  LENTIS-75:58 

SUBSTANTIA  LENTIS-74 :46 

Exposed  by  cutting  through  the  anterior  wall   of  the   capsule  and 

pressing  the   lens   out  through  the   opting. 

SUBSTANTIA  CORTICALIS-74 :47 

NUCLEUS  LENTIS-74 :48 
With  the  aid  of  a  microscope  the  following  structures  nay  be  dem- 
onstrated in  a  lens  which  nas  been  hardened  in  alcohol  and  teased 
apart . 

FIBRAE  LENTIS-74 :49 
EPITHELIUM  LENTIS-74: 50 

10.  Chambers    of  the  eyeball 

CAMERA  OCULI  ANTE?.I0R-74:35 

ANGULUS  IRIDIS-74:36 
CAMERA  OCULI  PQSTERIOR-74.37 


ABDOMEN   AND   PELVIS 


82, 
AEDOMEN  AND  PELVIS 

I.  General  Characteristics 


1,  Subdivisions  of  abdcraen  and  pelvis 

ABD0MEN~4:55 

ABDOMINAL  CAVITY-4 : 5  6 

SCROBICULUS  C0RDIS-4:57 

UMBILICUS-4:58 

HANK-4:59 

LGIN~4 :  60 

GROIN-4 :  61 
PELVIS-5:1 

PELVIC  CAVITY-5:2 

MOONS  PUBIS~5:3 

HI?-5:4 

BUTT0CK™5:5 

ANUS-5:6 

ANAL  CLEFT-5:7 

PERINEUM~5:8 

2.  Surface  anatomy 


XIPHOID  PR0C3SS-7:52 

RIBS-7:28         Anterior  ends   of   7th  to  12th  ribs. 

ILIAC  CREST-15:18 

POSTERIOR  SUPERIOR  ILIAC  SPINE-15:24 

CRISTA  SACRALIS  MEDIA-7:18 

ANTERIOR  SUPERIOR  ILIAC  SPINE-15:22 

INGUINAL  LIGAIvBENT-2  5 :41 

SUPERIOR  RAMUS   OF  THE  PUBIC  B0NE-15:50 

SYMPHISIS  PUBIS-15:53 

PUBIC  TUBSRCLS-15:44 

LINEA  ALBA-25:34 

LINEA  SEMILUNARIS-2  5:49 

SUBCUTANEOUS  INGUINAL  RING-25:44 

SPERMATIC  C0RD-40:37 

ROUND  LIGAMENT  OF  THE  UTERUS-42:23       In  the  female, 

TUBER  ISCHIADICUM-15:36 

INFERIOR  RAMUS  OF  THE  ISCHIUM-15:3  5 


Regions 


EPIGASTRIC  REGI0N-83:15 
HYPOCHONDRIAC  REGI0N-83:16 
MESCGASTRIC  REGION-83 :17 

UMBILICAL  REGI0N-83:18 

LATERAL  ABDOMINAL  REGION-83 :19 
HYPOGASTRIC  REGION-83 :20 

PUBIC  REGION-83: 21 

INGUINAL  REGION-83 :22 
Regions   of  the  back  in  relation  to  the  pelvis: 
PERINEAL  REGION-83: 33 
ANAL  REGION-83 :34 
UROGENITAL  REGION-83  :,3 5 
PUDENDAL  REGION-83 :3 6 


ABDOMEN  AND  PELVIS  83. 

II.  Perineal  region 


1.  Surface  anatomy 


a.  Perineal   region  in  general 
SYMPHYSIS  PU3IS-15:53 
ARCUATE  LIGAMENT-20:61 
C0CCYX-7:25 

INFERIOR  RAMUS  OF  THE  PUBIS-15:49 
INFERIOR  RAMUS   OF  THE  ISCHIUM-15:35 
SACROTUEEROUS  LIGAMENT-20:49 
PERINEAL  RAPHE-43:13 

"b.  Pudendal   region  in  the  gale 
CORPUS  PEI3S»40:68 
DORSUM  OF  PENIS--40:70 
URETHRAL  SURFACE-40:71 
GLANS  PENIS-40:72 

CORONA  GLANDIS-40:73 

SEPTUM  GLANDIS-40:74 

GOLLUM  GLANDIS-40:75 
PREPUCE-41:1 

FRENULUM  OF  PREPUCE-41:2 
EXTERNAL  URETHRAL  0RIFICE-4l:28 
SGROTUM-41:31 

RAPHE  OF  SCR0TUM-41:32 

c .  Pudendal   region  in  the   female 
MONS  PUBIS-5is 
FEMALE  PUDENDUM-42  :45 
LABIUM  MA  JUS  PUDEIIDAS-42:46 
ANTERIOR  LABIAL  CCMMISSURE-42 :47 
POSTERIOR  LABIAL  COMMISSURE-42 :48 
FRENULUM  OF  PUDENDAL  LABIA-42:49 
RIM  PUDENDI-42 : 50 
FOSSA  NAVICULARIS-42 : 51 
LABIUM  MINUS  PUDENDI-42: 52 
VESTIBULUM  VAGINAE-42:53 
ORIFICIUM  VAGINAE-42:57 
CLlTGRI3.42-.5g 

CORPUS   CLIT0RI3-42:61 

GLANS  CLIT0RIS-42:62 

gpgmfflLJLaaT^B^'g  ,  ,  PREPUCE   OF  CLITGRIS-42:6A 

EXTERNAL  ORIFICE  OF  URETHRA-42:71 

HYMEN-42:29 

HYMEN  CARUNCLES-42:30 

2.     Urogenital  region:  Structures  external  to  the  urogenital  diaphragm 

a.  In  the  male 

Skin  incisions  (The  body  being  in  the  lighotomy  position) :  a)  trans- 
versely between  the  anterior  extremities  of  the  ischial  tuberosities ; 
b)  median  along  the  median  raphe  from  the  sacrum  to  the  tip  of  the 
coccyx,  encircling  the  anus. 
SUPERFICIAL  PERINEAL  FASCIA-43:45 

The  follomng  structures  in  the  compartment  between  the  superficial 
perineal  fascia  and  the  urogenital  diaphragm  are  exposed  by  making 


ABDOMEN  AND  PELVIS  84' 

an  incision  through  the   deaper  layer  of  the   superficial  perineal 

fascia,   beginning  in  the  median  line  at  the  base   of  the   scrotum  and 

extending  to  the   ischial   tuberosity  on  each  side,   and  reflecting  the 

fascial  flaps. 

SUPERFICIAL  TRANSVERSE  PERINEAL  MUSCLK-43 :42 

ISCHIOCAVERNOSUS  MUSCLE-43 :43 

BULBOCAVERNGSUS  MUSCJE-43  :44 

PERINEAL  ARTERY- 51:19 

POSTERIOR  SCROTAL  ARTSRIES-51:20 
PERINEAI,  NSEVS-71:21 

POSTERIOR  SCROTAL  NERVES-71:22 
PERINEAL  RAMI   OF  TKS  POSTERIOR  FEMORAL  CUTANEOUS   NERVE-70:53 
LYMPHATIC  VESSELS 
ROOT  OF  P£NIS-40:67 
CRURA  OF  PENIS-40:69 
CORPORA  CAVERNOSA  PENIS-41:4 

The  following  structures  are  exposed  by  dividing  the  bulbocavernosus 
muscle   in  the  midline  and  reflecting  the  muscle. 
CORPUS   CAVERNOSA.!  URETHRAS-41 : 5 
BULBUS  URSTH?AE-41:6 

HEMISPHERES   OF  BULB  OF  URETHRA-41:7 

SEPTUM  OF  BULB   OF  URETHRA-41:8 

b.  In  the   female 

Skin  incisions    (The  body  being  in  the  lithotomy  position) :   a)   trans- 
versely between  the  ischial  tuberosities;  b)  along  the  median  line 
extending  from  the  mens  pubis  to  the  tip  of  the  coccyx,  encircling 
the  labia  majora  and  the  anal   orifice. 
SUPERFICIAL  PERINEAL  FASCIA-43:45 
PERINEAL  ARTERY- 51:19 

POSTERIOR  LABIAL  ARTERISS-51:21 
PERINEAL  NERVE-7l:21 

POSTERIOR  LABIAL  KERVES-71:23 
PERINEAL  RAMI  OF  THE  POSTERIOR  FEMORAL  CUTANEOUS   NERVE-70:53 
LYMPHATIC  VESSELS 
SUPERFICIAL  TRANSVERSE  PERINEAL  MUSCLE-43 :42  Not  contant  in 

degree   of  development. 
ISCHIOCAVERNOSUS  MUSCLE-43 :43 
BULBOCAVERNOSUS  MUSCLE-43 :44 

The  following  structures  are  exposed  by  reflecting  the  bulbo- 
cavernosus and  ischiocavernosus  muscles. 
BULBUS  VESTIBULI-42:54 
"LANDULA  VESTIBULARIS  MAJ0R-42:58 
CRURA  CLITORIDIS-42: 60 
CORPUS   CLITORIDIS-42 : 51 

CORPORA  CAVERNOSA  CLITORIDIS-42 : 66 

SEPTUM  CORPORUM  CAVERNCSORUM-42 :67 

FAS  CIA  CLITORIDIS-42 : 68 
GLANS  CLITORIDIS-42: 52 

Urogenital   diaphragm 

a.  Inferior   fascia   of  the  urogenital   diaphragm-43 :37 

Exposed  by  detaching  the   ischiocavernosus  muscle  and  the   crus 
penis    (the  crus  clitoridis  in  the  case  of  the  female)   from  the 
pubic  arch  on  each  side ;   guarding  against  injury  to  the 
inferior  fascia  of  the  urogenital   diaphragm,   branches   of  the 


ABDOMEN  AND  PELVIS  85. 

interns 1  pudendal  artery  and  the  dorsal  nerve  of  the  penis   (or 

the  clitoris  in  the   female) . 
The  inferior  fascia  of  the  urogenital  diaphragm  is  removed  in  expos- 
ing the   fo3 lowing  structures   situated   in  the   compartment  between  the 
inferior  and  the  superior  fascia  of  the  urogenital  diaphragm. 

b.  Structures  in  the  Urogenital  diaphragm  in  the  male 
TRANSVERSE  PERINEI  PROFUNDUS  MUSCLE-43 :34 
SPHINCTER  URETHRAE  MEMBRANACEAE  MUSCLE-43:35 
ARTERY  OF  THE  PENIS- 51: 22 

ARTERY  OF  THE  BULB  OF  URETHRA-51 :24 

URETHRAL  ARTERY-5l:23 

DEEP  ARTERY  OF  PENIS-51-26 

DORSAL  ARTERY  OF  PENIS- 51:27 
DORSAL  VEIN  OF  THE  PENIS- 5 5:49 
DORSAL  NERVE  OF  THE  PENIS-71:24 
BULBOURETHRAL  GLANDS-40:62 

BODY  OF  GLAND-40:63 

EXCRETORY  DUCT-40:64 
MEMBRANOUS  PART  OF  URETHRA-41 :24 
SUPERIOR  FASCIA  OF  UROGENITAL  DIAPHRAGM-43 :3 6 

The  following  structures  are   in  relationship  to  this 

fascia: 

ARCUATE  LIGAMENT  OF  THE  PUBIS-20:61 

TRANSVERSE  LIGAMENT  OF  THE  PELVIS-43:38 

a.  Structures  in  the  Urogenital  diaphragm  jr.  the   female 

TRANSVERSE  PERINEI   PROFUNDUS  MUSCLE-43:34 
SPHINCTER  URETHRAE  MEMBRANACEAE  MUSCLE-43 :3 3 
ARTERY  OF  CLIT0RIS-51:28 

ARTERY  OF  BULB  OF  VESTIBULI-51:25 

URETHRAL  ARTERY- 51:23 

DEEP  ARTERY  OF  CLITORIS-51:29 

DORSAL  ARTERY  OF  CLITORIS- 51:30 
DORSAL  VEINS  OF  THE  CLIT0RIS-55:51 
DORSAL  NERVE  OF  THE   CLIT0RIS-71:25 
GLANDULA   VESTIBULARIS  MAJ0R-42:58 
URETHRA-42:70 
SUPERIOR  FASCIA  OF  THE  UROGENITAL  DIAPHRAGM-43 :3 6 

The  following  structures  are  in  relationship  to  this  fascia: 

ARCUATE  LIGAMENT  OF  THE  PUBIS-20:61 

TRANSVERSE  LIGAMENT  OF  THE  PELVIS-43:38 

4-     Anal  region 

SUPERFICIAL  PERINEAL  FASCIA-43:45 
SPHINCTER  AND  EXTERNUS  MUSCLE-43 :34 

ANOCOCCYGEAL  LIGAMENT-43:25 
ISCHIORECTAL  FOSSA-43 :41 

The  fat  in  the  ischiorectal  fossa  is  removed  in  the  demonstra- 
tion of  its  contents. 

INFERIOR  HAEMORRHOIDAL  NERVE-71:20    - 

INFERIOR  HAEMORRHOIDAL  ARTERY-51:18 

The  following  structures  are  in  relationship  to  the  walls  of 

the  fossa: 

INFERIOR  FASCIA  OF  PELVIC  DIAPHRAGM-43 :32 

LEAVTOR  ANI  MUSCLE-43  :21 

OBTURATOR  FASCIA-43 :40 


ABDOMEN  AND  PELVIS  86* 

y^e?   fallowing  serve  and  artery  are   in  relation  to  the 

ot)t>urator  fascia! 

PUDENDAL  NERVE-71:19 

INTERNAL  PUDENDAL  ARTERY- 51: 17 
TENDINOUS  ARCH  OF  THE  LEAVBJOR  AMI  MUSCLE-43  :22 

Situated  at  the  angle   of    junction  of  the  obturator 

fascia  and  the  inferior   faecia  of  the  pelvic 

diaphragm. 
OBTURATOR  INTERNES  MUSCLl-26'72 

UROGENITAL  DIAPHRAGM-43 :33    Its  posterior  margin  only.. 
GLUTAEUS  MAXIMUS  MUSCLE-26:67"   Its  posterior  or  distal. 

margin  only. 
SAGR0TUBER0U3  LIGAMENT-20:49 


III.  Anterior  Abdominal  Wall 


1.  Fascia,  cutaneous  nerves  and  blood  vessels 

For  the  surface  anatomy  of  the  abdomen,  see  1:2. 
Skin  incisions:  a)  longitudinally  along  the  anterior  median  line 
from  the  xiphoid  process  to  the  mons  pubis  (encircle  the  umbilicus; 
b)  from  the  xiphoid  process  transversely  around  the  thorax  as  far 
back  as  possible;  c)  from  the  mons  pubis  laterally  along  the  line  of 
the  inguinal  ligament  to  the  anterior  superior  iliac  spine  and  then 
posteriorly  along  the  iliac  crest  as  far  back  as  oossible. 

SUPERFICIAL  FASCIA -23:3 6 

Divided  into  two  layers  toward  the  inferior  part  of  the 

abdomen. 
ANTERIOR  CUTANEOUS  RAMI   OF  INTERCOSTAL  NERVES-70:8 
ANTERIOR  CUTANEOUS  RAMUS  OF  ILIOPKYPOGASTRIC  NERVE-70:28 
ILI OINGUINAL  NERVE- 70 :2  9 

LATERAL  CUTANEOUS  RAM  OF  INTERCOSTAL  NERVES-70:3 
LATERAL  CUTANEOUS  RAMUS   OF  THE  ILIOHYPOGASTRIC  NERVE-70:27 
SUPERFICIAL  EPIGASTRIC  ARTERY-51:39 
SUPERFICIAL  CIRCIMFLEX  ILIAC  ARTERY-51:40 
EXTERNAL  PUDENDAL  ARTERIES-51:41 
PARUMBILICAL  VEINS- 55 :3  6 
THORACOEPIGASTRIC  VEINS- 54:32 
SUPERFICIAL  EPIGASTRIC  VEIN-55:65 


2.     Deeper  structures   of  the  anterior  abdominal  -aall 

a.  Muscles  and  related  structures 

OBLIQUUS  EXTERNUS  ABDOMINIS  MUSCLE-25:28 

Exposed  by  the  removal  of  the  deep  fascia,    guarding  at  the 
same  time  against  injury  to  its  aponeurosis  and  the  structures 
in  relation  to  the  subcutaneous  inguinal  ring. 

The  following  structures  are  in  relationship  with  the  external 

oblique  muscle: 

TRIGONIM  LUMBALE-25:48 

INGUINAL  LIS&MENT-2  5 : 41 

LACUNAR  LIGAMENT-2  5:42 

SUBCUTANEOUS  INGUINAL  RING-2  5:44 
SUPERIOR  CRCS-25:45 
INFERIOR  CRUS-25:46  ■ 
INTSRCRURAL  FIBERS-25:47 


AB30MEN  AND  PELVIS  37. 

0BLIQUU3   JjrjEWraS  ABDOMINIS  MUSCLS-35:29 

Exposed  by  detaching  the  external   oblique  muscle  at  its   origin, 
dividing  the  muscle  at  its  insertion  into  the  iliac  crest,    from 
the   superior  iliac  spine  carrying  an  incision  meadialward 
through  the  aponeurosis  of  the  external   oblique  muscle  to  the 
lateral  margin  of  the  rectus  abdominis  muscle,   and  reflecting 
the   external    oblique  muscle  medialward. 

CREMASTERIC  MUSCI<E-25:30 

TPANSVERSUS  ABDOMINIS  MUSCLS-25:31 

Exposed  by  detaching  the  internal   oblique  muscle  at  its  origin 
ana  reflecting  the  muscle  toward  its  insertion,  at  the  same  time 
guarding  the  subjacent  nerves  and  vessels,   and  leaving  intact 
the  inguinal  canal  and  its  contents, 

LIMA  SEMILUNA.RIS-25:49 

The  folloT/ing  nerves  and  vessels  are  in  relationship  throughout  part 

of  their  course  with  the  internal  oblique  and  transversus  abdominis 

muscles. 

ANTERIOR  RAMI  OF  THORACIC  N5RVSS-70:1 

ILIOHYPOGASTRIC  KERVE-70:25 

ILI OINGUINAL  NER VE-70 :2 9 

INTERCOSTAL  ARTSRISS-49:59 

LUMBAR  ARTERIES- 50: 9 

RECTUS  ABDOMINIS  MUSCLE-25:25 

Exposed  by  making  a  longitudinal   incision  through  the 
aponeurotic  sheath  of  the  rectus  abdominis  muscle  at  s.  distance 
of  about  3   cm.   from  the   linea  alba,   the   inferior  end   of  each 
incision  curving  toward  the  symphysis  pubis. 
TENDINOUS   INSCRIPTI0NS-23 :37 
SHEATH  OF  THE  PECTUS  ABDOMINIS  MUSCLE-25:38 
LINEA  SIMICIRCULARIS-25:40 

The  following  arteries  are  in  relationship  to  the  rectus 
sheath: 

INFERIOR  EPIGASTRIC  ARTERY- 51: 32 
SUPERIOR  EPIGASTRIC  ARTERY-43:47 

PYRAI/IIDALIS  L"USCLE-25:27 

LIMA  AL3A-25:34 

FASCIA  TRANSVERSALIS-25:50 

DEEP  CIRCUMFLEX  ILIAC  ARTERY- 51:3 7 

PERI TONS UH-43:46 

Exposed  by  the  removal   of  a  small  portion  of  the  fascia 
transversalis . 

b.  Internal  surface   of  the  anterior  abdominal  vail 

Exposed  by  beginning  at  a  point  Just  above  the  umbilicus  making  three 

incisions  through  abdominal  wall,,  two   of  them  extending  to  the 

anterior  superior  iliac  spine  on  each  side,   and  the  third  passing 

to  the  right  of  the  umbilicus  and  2  cm.  to  the  right  of  the  linea 

alba  and  terminating  at  the  superior  ramus   of  the  pubic  bone. 

URACHUS-39:34 

PLICA  UIvEILICALlSwaiSDIA-44 :22 

PLICA  UM5ILICALIS  LATERALIS-44:23 

PLICA  E?IGASTRICA-44:24 

FOVEA  SUPRAVESICALI3-25:57 

FOVEA  INGUINALIS  K3DIA-25:56 

FOVEA  INGUINALIS  LATERALIS-25:55 

ABDOMINAL  INGUINAL  RING-25:52 


£zdo:jen  and  PELVIS  38. 

3.  Inguinal  canal,  scrotum,  spermatic  cord  and  testis 

a.  Inguinal   canal-25:51 

A  demonstration  of   its  boundaries   involves  the  removal   of   the 

peritoneum  from  the  anterior  abdominal  wall   in  the  region  of   the 

inguinal  canal . 

FALX  INGUJNAI.IS~25:26 

REFLEX  INGUINAL  LIGAMENT-25:43 

b.  Scrotum  and  speraatic   cord 

scrgtumUiTsi 

The   scrotal  sac  is  opened  and  its  contents   exposed  by  making  a 
longitudinal  incision  through  the  anterior  wall  of  the  scrotum 
on  each  side   of  the  mid-line. 
RAPHE  OF  THE  SCR0TUM-41 :32 
SEPTUM  OF  THE  3CROTUM-41:33 
TUNI CA  BARTOS -41:34 
SPERMATIC  C0RD-40:37 

CREMASTERIC  FASCIA-40:47 

CREMASTERIC  MUSCL2-40:46 

(VAGINAL  PERITONEAL  PROCESS) -40:38 

TUNICA  VAGINALIS   COMMUNIS-40:45 

DUCTUS  DEFERENS«40:21 

INTERNAL  SPERMATIC  ARTERY-50:52 

EXTERNAL  SPERMATIC  ARTERY- 51:35 

DEFERENTIAL  ARTERY-  51 :  11 

PAMPINIFORM  PLEXUS   OF  VSINS-55:14 

SPERMATIC  VEIN-55:U 

EXTERNAL  SPERMATIC  NERVE-70:35 

DEFERENTIAL  PLEXUS- 72 :42 

LYMPHATICS 

c.  Testis-39:56 

TUNICA  VAGINALIS  PROPRIA  TESTIS-40:39 

LAMINA  PARIETALIS-40:40 

LAMINA  VI 3CERALIS-40 : 41 

SINUS  SPIDIDYMIDIS-40:44 
In  exposing  the  testis  an  incision  is  made  through  the  anterior  part 
of  the  lamina  parietalis   of  the  tunica  vaginalis  propria. 
SUPERIOR  AND  INFERIOR  EXTREMITIES  OF  THE  TSSTIS-39:67,    68 
LATERAL  AND  MEDIAL  SURFACES-39:69,   70 
ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  MARGINS-3 9 : 71 ,   72 
EPIDIDYMIS-40:9 

ESAD,  BODY  AND  TAIL  OF  SPIDIDYMIS-40:10-12 
APPENDIX  TESTIS-40:18 
The  following  structures  may  be  identified  in  crjss  section  sf  the 

testis: 
TENICA  ALBUGIKSA-3  9:73 
MEDIASTINUM  TESTIS ~3 9: 74 
SEPTULA  TSSTIS-39.-75 
L0BULES-40:l 
PARENCHYMA-40:2 
For  the  structures  of  the  penis  see  II :1b,  2a  and  V^:3a. 


ABDOMEN  AND  PELVIS  89 . 

IV.  Abdominal  Cavity.  Peritoneum  and  Viscera 

j,^  Abdominal  cavity  and  the  peritoneum 

a.  General  characteristics  of  the  abdominal  cavity,  viscera  and 

peritoneum 
In  completing  the  opening  of  the  abdominal  cavity  and  demonstrating 
the  abdominal  and  peritoneal  relations  of  the  following  structures, 
the  incision  already  made  through  the  lower  part  of  the  anterior 
abdominal  wall  (lll:2b)  is  extended  upward  from  the  umbilicus  to  the 
siphoid  process,  passing  just  to  the  left  of  the  mid*sagittal  plane. 
LIVER-34:43 

GALL  BLADDER-35:6 
ST0mCH-32:78 
GREATER  OMENTUM-43 : 70 

Small  intestine-33:29 

LARGE  INTES?INS«33:61 
LESSER  OMENTUM-43 ; 64 
PERIT0NEUM-43:46 

PARIETAL  PERITONEUM-43 :49 

VISCERAL  PERITONEUM-43 :  50 

PERITONEAL  CAVITY-43:51 

tr  Peritoneal   folds  and  fossa  in  relation  to  the  small  and  large 

intestine 

MESENTERY-43:53 

ROOT  OF  MESENTERY-43  J-54 
DUODENOJEJUNAL  RECBSS-44:9 
DUODENOJEJUNAL  F0LD-44:10 
GREATER  OMENTUM-43 :70 
MES0C0L0N»43:56 

TRANSVERSE  MESQC0L0N-43:57 

ASCENDING  MES0C0L0N-43:58 

DESCENDING  MES0C0L0N-43:59 

SIGMOID  MESOCOL0N-43:60 
MESORECTUM-43 : 61 

MESENTERY  OF  THE  VERMIFORM  PR0CESS-43 : 62 
ILEOCAECAL  F0LD-44:15 
SUPERIOR  ILEOCAECAL  RECESS-44:13 
INFERIOR  ILEOCAECAL  RECESS-44:14 
CAECAL  F0LD-44:18 
CAECAL  F0SSA-44:16 
RETROCAECAL  RECESS-44:17 
PARACOLIC  RECESS-44.-19 
PHRENICOCOLIC  LIGAMENT-44:1 

c.  Peritoneal  ligaments  in  relation  to  the  liver»   stomach  and  spleen 

FALICIFORM  LIGAMENT  OF  LIVSR-44:3 
LIGAMENTUM  TERES   OF  THE  LIVER-34:56 
CORONARY  LIGAMENT  OF  THE  LIVER-44:4 
RIGHT  AND  LEFT  TRIANGULAR  LIGAMENTS-44:5,    6 
LESSER  OMENTUM-43 : 64 

HEPATOGASTRIC  LIGAMENT-43:65 

HEPATODUODENAL  LIGAMENT-43 : 66 
GASTROSPLENIC  LIGAMEIIT-43 :  58 
PHRENICOSPLENIC  LIGAMENT~44:2 


■•-    --  v  ■: 


ABDOMEN  AND  PELVIS  90- 

d.  Omental   bt?rsa-43  :71 

FORAMEN  EPIPLOICIM-43  :77 

The   extend  and  following  subdivisions   of  the   omental   bursa  may 

be   exposed  by  inserting  the   finger  through  the   foramen 

epiploicum: 

VESTIBULE   OF  BURSA-43:72 

SUPERIOR  OMENTAL  RECESS-43:73 

INFERIOR  OMENTAL  RECESS-43:74 

SPLENIC  RECESS-43:75 

e.  Relations   of  the   pelvic   peritoneum 
RECTOVESICAL  EXCAVATION  OR  P0UCH-44:38 
PUBOVESICAL  F0LD-44:25 

TRANSVERSE  VESICAL  FGLD-44:2  6 

The  following  structures  relate  to  the  female  pelvis  only: 

BROAD  LIGAMENT  OF  THE  UTERUS-44:2  9 

RECTOUTERINE  EXCAVATION  OR  P0UCH-44:36 

VESICOUTERINE  EXCAVATION  OR  P0UCH-44:37 

f.  Peritoneal  relations  in  general 

The  relations   of  the   peritoneum  in  general  may  be  traced  In  cross 
and  sagittal  sections   cf  the  abdomen,      Some   of  the  peritoneal  rela- 
tions  of   such  retroperitoneal   organs  as   the   kidney,    duodenum  and 
pancreas  may  be  determined  by  palpation. 

ssenteric  blood  vessels,    nerves   and   lynphatics 

SUPERIOR  MESENTERIC  ARTERY-50:36       Not  including  its   origin. 

Exposed  by  removing  the  right  layer  of  peritoneum  of  the 

mesentery,   the   inferior  layer  of  the  transverse  mseocolon,   and 

the  peritoneum  of  the  posterior  abdominal  wall  between  the  root 

of  the  mesentery  and  the  ascending  colon. 

INTESTINAL  ARTERIES-50:37 

JEJUNAL  ARTSRIES-50:39 
ILEAL  ARTERIES- 50:40 

INFERIOR  PANCREATICODUODENAL  ARTERY-50:38 

ILEOCOLIC  ARTERY~50:41 

APPENDICULAR  ARTERY-50:42 

RIGHT  COLIC  ARTERY-50:43 

MIDDLE   COLIC  ARTSRY-50:44 
SUPERIOR  MESENTERIC  VEIN-55:17 

The  tributaries  of  the  superior  mesenteric  vein-55:18-25, 

consist  of  vessels  corresponding  to  the  branches  of  the  superior 

mesenteric  artery,  together  with  veins  from  the  stomach  and 

pancreas. 
SUPERIOR  MESENTERIC  SYMPATHETIC  PLEXUS-72*32 
MESENTERIC  LYMPH  GLAIZ)S-56:64 
MESOCOLIC  LYMPH  GLANDS-56:65 
INFERIOR  MESENTERIC  ARTERY- 50:45 

Demonstrated  by  removing  the  peritoneum  from  the  posterior 

abdominal  wall  between  the  root  of  the  mesentery  and  the 

descending  and  iliac  colon. 

LEFT  COLIC  ARTERY- 50:46 

SIGMOID  ARTERIES -50: 47 

SUPERIOR  HAEMORRHOIDAL  ARTERY-50:48   Exclusive  of  its 
termination. 


ABDOI.EN  AMD  PELVIS  31. 

INFERIOR  MESENTERIC  VEIN~5.5:26 
LEFT  COLIC  VEIN- 5 5:2 7 
SIGMOID  VEINS-55:?S 
SUPERIOR  PAEMORRHOIDAL  VEIN~55:29 

Participates   in  an  important  anastomosis  between  the 
sysxematic  and  portal  cii'cuiation, 
INFERIOR  MESENTERIC  SYMPATHETIC  PLEXUS- 72:35 

3.     Mesenterial  small   intestine  and  the  large   intestine 

a>  Mesenterial  snail   intestine-33 :58 
JEJUNUM-33.59 
ILEUM- 33: -50 

The   following  structures  can  best  be  demonstrated  in  the  intestine 
which  has  bean  removed  from  the  abdomen,    opened  along  its  mesenteric 
border  and  its   contents  washed   out.     For  its  removal,   the   small 
intestine  iray  be   divided  between  ligatures  about   5  cm.  below  the 
duodenojejunal  flexure  and  about  10  cm.  abo^e  the   ileccaecal   junc- 
tion,  and  its   connections  severed  with  the  mesentery  and  mesenterial 
blood  vessels « 
TUNICA  SER0Sri~33:30 
TUNICA  MOSCTJLARIS-33  :31 

LOHC-ITUDINAL  LAYER-33:32 
CIRCULAR  IAYER-33:33 
TELA  SUBMUCOSA-HS  ;34 
TUNICA  MUC0SA«33i35,   36 
PLICAE   CIECULJkR13"33:37 

INTESTINAL  VILLI- 33:33     Demonstrated  with  a  hand  lens. 
INTESTINAL  GLANDS-3? ;40       Demonstrated  with  a  hand  lens. 
AGGREGATED  LYMPH  N0DULES-33 :41 
SOLITARY   LYMPH  NODULES-33 :40 
GHSME-33:43 
CHYLS~;> 3  :43 
INTESTINAL  JUICE-33:44 

b.  Large   intostir.3^33  k  61 
CASC'UM-33  '-bZ 
VERIFORM  PRGCESS-33 : 67 
C0L0N-33:70 

ASGEEDING  C0L0N-33:7I 

RIGHT  COLIC  FLE,XURE-33:72 

TRANSVERSE  C0L0N-33 : 73 

LEFT  COLIC  FLF.XURE-33:74 

DESCENDING  C0L0N-33:75 

SIGMOID  C0L0N-33:76 
TAENIAE  C0LI-33:82 

TAENIA  MESOCOLICA-34:! 

TAENIA  0MSNTALIS-34:2 

TAENIA  LI3EBA-34:3 
HAUSTRA  COLI-33:70 
APPENDICES  EPIPLOICAE-33:80 

The  following  structures  can  b?  demonstrated  to  best  advantage  after 
the  large  intestine  has  been  divided  between  ligatures  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  sigmoid  colon  with  the  rectum,  removed  from  the  abdomen 
and  its  contents  washed  out. 
VALVULA  C0LI-33:63 

INFERIOR  AND  SUPERIOR  LIPS-33:64,  65 

FRENULA  OF  THE  VALVE  OF  TIE  C0L0N-33:66 


ABDOMEN  AND  FELVI5  92 ■ 

(VALVE  OF  TIE  VERMIFORM  PR0CE3S)«33:68 
AGGREGATED  NODULES  OF  THE  VERMIFORM  PROCESS-33:69 
TUNICA  SEROSA-33:79 
TUNICA  MUSCULARIS-33:81 
TUNICA  SUBMUC0SA-34:4 
TUNICA  MUC0£A-34:5,  6 
INTESTINAL  GLANDS~34:7 
SOLITARY  LYMPHATIC  N0DULES-34:8 

4.  Structures  in  relation  to  the  walls  of  the  omental  bursa 

a.  Biliary  ducts  and  vessels  in  the  lesser  omentum 

The  exposure  of  the  structures  in  thelesser  omentum  may  be  facilitat- 
ed by  the  removal  of  the  greater  part  of  the  left  lobe  of  the  liver. 
To  this  end  an  incision  may  be  made  through  the  left  lobe  in  an 
anterior-posterior  direction,  beginning  just  at  the  left  of  the 
falciform  ligament  and  terminating  near  the  left  margin  of  the  fossa 
for  the  ductus  venosus  (keeping  the  detached  part  of  the  liver 
wrapped  in  a  damp  cloth  for  later  study). 
COMMON  BILE  DUCT-3  5:I6 

HEPATIC  DUCT-35:3 

CYSTIC  DTJCT-35:10 
PORTAL  VSIN-55;15 
HEPATIC  ARTERY- 50 ;l 9 

RIGHT  GASTRIC  ARTSRY-50:20 

PROPER  HEPATIC  ARTERY- 50:21 
RIGHT  RAMUS-50:22 
CYSTIC  ARTERY-50:23 
LEFT  RAMUS»50:24 
LEFT  GASTRIC  ARTERY- 50:17 

b.  Remainins  vessels   in  relation  to   the  walls   of  the   omental  bursa 
GASTRODUODSNAL  ARTBRY-50:25 

RIGHT  GASTROEPIPLOIC  ARTERY-50:29 
In  exposing  the   following  structures  tiny  remaining  parts   of  the 
lesser  omentuaaare  removed,   the  right  gastric  artery,   right  gastro- 
epiploic artery  and  stomach  are   divided   just  to  the  left   of  the 
pylorus,   the  stomach  displaced  toward  the  left  side,  and  the  post- 
erior wall  of  the  lesser  omental  bursa  carefully  removed,   but  guard- 
ing against  undue   displacement  of  the  pancreas. 
SUPERIOR  PANCREATICODUODENAL  ARTERY~50:26 
COELIAC  ARTERY-50:16 

LEFT  GASTRIC  ARTERY-50:17 

HEPATIC  ARTERY-50:19    For  its  branches  see  the  preceding 

section,  4a. 
SPLENIC  ARTERY-50:31 

PANCREATIC  RAMI-50:32 
LEFT  GASTROEPIPLOIC  ARTSRY-50:33 
SHORT  GASTRIC  ARTSRIES-50:34 
SPLENIC  RAlU-50:35 
PORTAL  VEII!-55:15 

CORONARY  VEIN  OF  THE  ST0MACH-55:16 
SUPERIOR  MESENTERIC  VEIN-55:17 
INFERIOR  MESENTERIC  VEIN-55:26 
SPLENIC  VEIN-55-.30 

LEFT  GASTROEPIPLOIC  VSIN-55:32 
CYSTIC  VEIN-55:33 


ABDOMEN  AND  PELVIS  93  - 

PARUyBILICAL-  VEINS- 55:36 

The  portal  vein  also  participates  in  important  oesophageal, 

rectal,  peritoneal  and  umbilical  anastomoses. 

5.  Duodenum  and  pancreas 

a.  Duodenura-33 :45 

PARS  SUPERI0R-33 :46 

PARS  DESCENDENS-33 :47 

PARS  H0RI20NTALIS-33 :49 

PARS  ASCENDENS~33:50 

SUSPENSORY  MUSCLE  OF  THE  DUODENUM-3 3 : 54 

DUODENAL  PAPILLA-33 : 5 6 

Exposed  by  making  a  longitudinal   incision  through  the 

anterior  vail   of  the  duodenum. 
LONGITUDINAL  FOLD  OF  DUODENUM-3 3 : 55 

b.  Pancreas-34:2  6 


HEAD  OF  PANCREAS -34:2 7 

UNCINA13  PR0CESS-34:28 

NOTCH  OF  THE  PANCREAS-34:29 

BODY  OF  PANCREAS-34:30 

ANTERIOR,   POSTERIOR  AND  INFERIOR  3URFACES-34:3i-33 
SUPERIOR,  ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  MARGINS-34:34-3  6 

OMENTAL  TUBER-34:37 

TAIL  OF  PANCREAS-34:38 

PANCREATIC  DUCT-3  4:39 

ACCESSORY  PANCREATIC  DUCT-34:40 

(ACCESSORY  PANCREAS) -3 4: 41 


6..     Stomach  and  spleen 
a.  Stomach-32:78 


VAGUS  NERVE- 63:22        In  its   relation  to  the   stomach  and  adjacent- 
organs  . 

ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  GASTRIC  PLEXUSES-68:51,    52 

HEPATIC  RAMI- 68: 53 

COELIAC  RAMI- 68: 54 
ST0MACH-32:78 

ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  WALLS   OF  STOMA CH-32 : 79,    80 

GREATER  AMD  LESSER  CURVATURES   OF  STOMACH-32 :1,   2 

CARDIA-33 :3 

FUNDUS  OF  ST01ACH-38:4 

BODY  OF  STGMACH-33:5 
PYL0RUS-33:6 
CARDIAC  PART-33:7 
PYLORIC  PART-33:8 
( CARDIAC  ANTRUM)  -33:9 
PYLORIC  ANTRUM-33 :10 

The   exposure   of  the   following  structures   is  facilitated  by  dividing 
the  abdominal  part   of  the   oesophagus,    removing  the  stomach,   and 
opening  the  stomach  by  an  incision  along  its   greater  curvature* 
SEROUS   CCAT-33:11 
MUSCULAR  C0AT-33:12 

LONGITUDINAL  LAYER-33:13 

CIRCULAR  LAYSR-33:15 

OBLIQUE  FIBSRS-33:17 

SPHINCTER  MUSCLE   OF  PYL0RUS-33:16 


ABDQLEN  AND  PELVIS  94 - 

PYLORIC  VALVS-33 :18 
TELA  SUBMUCOSA-33:19 
TUNICA  HUC0SA-33:20 

GASTRIC  PITS -33: 2 4 

b.  Spleen-35:18 

DIAPHRAGMATIC  SURFACE-35:19 

RENAL  rURFACE-35:2© 

GASTRIC  SURFACE-35:21 

SUPERIOR  AMD  INFERIOR  EXTHEMITIES-35:22,  23 

POSTERIOR  AND  ANTERIOR  MARGINS-35:34,   25 

TUNICA  SEROSA-35:27 

TUNICA  ALBUGINEA-3  5:28 

SPLENIC  PULP-35:30 

SPLENIC  RAMI  OF  SPLENIC  ARTERY-35:3I 

(ACCESSORY  SPLEEN) -3 5:34 

7.  Sympathetic   plexuses   in  relation  to  the   coeliac   ganglion  and  coeliac 

plexusi 

COELIAC  PISXUS-73:19 

COELIAC  GANGLION-72 :20 

If  the  thorax  has  been  previously  dissected,  these  ganglia  may 
be  conveniently  located  by  tracing  the  great  splanchnic  nerves 
down  to  their   junction  with  the   ganglia. 

SUPERIOR  GASTRIC  PLEXUS-72 :2 6 

HEPATIC  PLEXUS-72 :24 

INFERIOR  GASTRIC  PLEXUS-72 :27 

SPISHIC  PLEXUS-72 :2 5 

RENAL  PLEXUS-72 :2 9 

SUPRARENAL  PLEXUS-72  :28 

PHRENIC  PLEXUS-72 :22 

SUPERIOR  MESENTERIC  PLEXUS-72 :32 

ABDOMINAL  AORTIC  PLEXUS-72 :1 8 

8.  Liver-34:43 

For  the  ligaments  and  peritoneal  relation  of  the  liver,  see  IV:lc 
The  removal  of  the  liver  involves  the  following  incisions:  a)  divi- 
sion of  the  portal  vein  at  the  level  of  the  foramen  epiploicum;  b5 
raising  the  liver  as  much  as  possible,  cutting  through  the  inferior 
vena  cava  vein  at  the  point  where  it  comes  in  contact  with  the 
inferior  aspect  of  the  liver  and  to  the  right  of  the  inferior  vena 
cava  cutting  through  tne  inferior  layer  of  the  coronary  ligament: 
c)  in  connection  with  the  superior  and  posterior  aspects  of  the 
liver  dividing  the  ligamentum  teres  and  the  falciform  ligament,  the 
right  and  left  triangular  ligaments  and  superior  layer  of  the  cor- 
onary ligament;  d)  separating  the  posterior  surface  of  the  liver 
from  the  diaphragm  and  make  a  second  cut  through  the  inferior  vena 
cava  just  below  the  diaphragm  and  completing  the  detachment  of  the 
organ. 

RIGHT  LOBE  OF  LIYER-34:59 
QUADRATE  LOBE  OF  LIVER-34:60 
CAUDATE  LOBE  OF  LIVER-34:61 

PAPILLARY  PR0CESS-34:62 

CAUDATE  PR0CESS-34:€3 
LEFT  LOBS  OF  LIVER-34:64 
RIGHT  SAGITTAL  F0SSA-34:49 


ABDOI.SN  AID  PELVIS  95. 

FOSSA  FOR  THE   GALL  BLADDER -34 : 50 

FOSSA.  FOR  VLNA  CAVA -34:51 
LEFT  SAGITTAL  F0SSA«34:52 

F3SSA  FOR  UMBILICAL  VEIN»34:53 

FOSSA  FOR  DUCTUS  VEN0SUS-34:54 
ANTERIOR  MARGIN-34:47 

INCISURE  UMBT.LTCALIS-34;48 
SUPERIOR  SURFAC3«34:44 
POSTERIOR  SURFACE~34:45 

OESOPHAGEAL  IMFRESSI0N-34:68 

SUPRARENAL  IMPRE5SI0N-34 :  73 
INFERIOR  SURFACS-34  ^45 

PORTA  HEPATIS-?4-:58 

OMENTAL  TU.BER-34 :  57 

GASTRIC  IMPRESSI0N-34:69 

DUODENAL  IMPRESSI0N-34:70 

COLIC  IMPR3FSIGN~34 :  71 

RENAL  IMPRESS! 0N-3  4 :  72 
The   following  hepatic   structures  nay  be   demonstrated  in  cut  surfaces 
of  the  liver,  soue   of   them  requiring  a  hand  lsns   or  microscope   for 
their  identification. 
. HEPATIC  LOBUL  .S-34 : 74 
FIBROUS   CAPSUIE-=34:75 
INTERLOBULAR  ARTERIES-34I76 
IKEERLCBULAR  VEINS -34:77 
CENTRAL  VEINS-34:78 
BILE  DUGTS-35:1 
INTERLOBULAR  DUCTS-3 5 :2 
VASA  ABERRATIA  HEPATI3-35:3 
BILE-3  5 : 5 
GALL  BLADDER-25:6 

FuSDCS   OF  GALL  BLADDER«35:7 

BODY  OF  GALL  BLADDER~35:8 

NECK  OF  GALL  BLABDER-35:8 

CYSTIC  DUCT-35:10 

SPIPAL  VALVE-35:15 

The   following  structures   require  a  hand  lens   or  a  mlcroscops 
for  their  adequate  demonstration: 
TUNICA  SEROSA  OF  GALL  BLADDER-35:11 
TUNICA  MUSCULARIS  OF  GALL  BLADDER- 3 5 : 12 
TUNICA  MUCOSA  OF  GALL  BLADDER-3 5 : 13 

PLICAE  TUNICAE  MUCOSAE   OF  GALL  BLADDER-3 5 : 14 
GLANDULAE  MUCOSAE  BILI0SAE-35:17 

■j.     Suprarenal   gland,    kidney  and  ureter 

a.  Suprarenal    eland -*-3- ft:  52 

HILUS  OF  SUPRARENAL  GLAND-39:55 

ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  SURFACE3-39:56,    57 

BASE-39:58 

APEX-39:59 

SUPERIOR  AND  MEDIAL  MARGINS-3  9:60,    61 

(ACCESSORY  SUPRARENAL  GLANDS) -3 9: 63 

CORTICAL  SUBSTANCE-39:53 

MEDULLARY  SUBSTANCE-39:54 

CENTRAL  VEIN-39:62 


ABDOMEN  AMD  PELVIS  96, 

b.  Vascular  supply  of  the  kidney  and  suprarenal   glands 

Exposed  by  removing  the   kidneys  and  suprarenal   gland,    'before    tfoing 
this  however,   advantage  nay  be  taken  of  the  opportunity  ox  determin- 
ing the  relations  of  the  kidney  to  these   organs  and  adjacent 
structures; . 
RENAL  ARTERY-50:50       cf .  also-39:4 

INFERIOR  SUPRARENAL  ARTERY- 50: 51 
MIDDLE  SUPRARENAL  ARTERY-50:49 
RENAL  VEINS- 55: 9 
SUPRARENAL  VSINS-55:10 

c  Kjdney-38:37 

ADIPOSE   CAPSULE-38:49 
LATERAL  MARGIN-38:38 
MEDIAL  MARGIN-38:39 

RENAL  HILUS-38:40 

RENAL  SINUS-38:41 
ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  SURFACES-38:42 ,   43 
SUPERIOR  AMD  INFERIOR  EXTREMITIES -3 8: 44     45 
(HEPATIC  IMPRESSION) -3 8:46 
(GASTRIC  lifflpSESSIQK)  -3  8 : 47 

The   following  may  be  demonstrated  to  best  advantage  by  cutting 
through  the  kidney  along  its  lateral  margin  and  dividing  the 
organ  into  symmetrical   halves: 
TUNICA  FIBR0SA-38:50 
CORTICAL  SUESTANCE-3 8 : 55 
MEDULLARY  SUBSTANCE-38:56 
RENAL  PYRAMIDS~38:58 
RENAL  PAPILLAE-38:60 
RENAL  COLUMNS-38:63 
RENAL  PELVIS-38:70 
RENAL  CALCYEES-38:71 

d.   Ureter-3  9:1Q 

ABDOMINAL  PART-3  9:20 


10.  Diaphragm 


DIAPHRAGM~25:9 

LUMBAR  PART-25:10 

MEDIAL  CRUS-2  5:ll     ■ 
INTERMEDIATE   CRUS-2  5 :12 
LATERAL  CRUS-2 5: 13 
COSTAL  PART-2  5:14 
STERNAL  PART-25:15 
AORTIC  0PSNING-25:16 
OESOPHAGEAL  OFSNING-25:17 
CENTRAL  TEMDON-2  5 :18 
OPENING  FOR  VENA  CAVA-25:19 
MEDIAL  LUMBOCOSTAL  ARCK-25:20 
LATERAL  LUIviBOCOSTAL  ARCH-2  5:21 


V.     Structure  ^  Raiationjbo_the  Posterior  Abdominal  Yfen 
1„-     Blood-vessels  and  lvnmhat.i<»« 


ABDOMEN  AND  PELVIS  97- 

a.  Arteries 
ABDOMINAL  AORTA- 50:5 

PARIETAL  BRANCHSS-50:6 

INFERIOR  PHRENIC  ARTERY-50:7 

SUPERIOR  SUPRARENAL  RAMI-50:8 
LUMBAR  ARTERIES- 50:9-11 

These  arteries  pass  posterior  to  the  sympathetic 
trunk  which  together  with  other  nerves  of  the 
abdominal  wall  should  be  guarded  from  injury. 
MIDDLE  SACRAL  ARTERY-50:12    Origin  only. 
VISCERAL  BRANCHES-50:15 

For  the  rami  of  the  first  five  of  the  following  arteries 

see  IV:2,  4b  and  9b. 

COELIAC  ARTERY- 50:16 

SUPERIOR  MESENTERIC  ARTERY-50:36 

INFERIOR  MESENTERIC  ART£RY-50:45 

MIDDLE  SUPRARENAL  ARTERY- 50: 49 

RENAL  ARTERIES-50:50 

INTERNAL  SPERMATIC  ARTERIES- 50: 52 

TESTICULAR  ARTERY- 50: 53         In  the  male. 
OVARIAN  ARTSRY-50:54         In  the   female. 
COMMON  ILIAC  ARTERIES-50:55 

HYPOGASTRIC  ARTERY-50:56         Origin  only. 
EXTERNAL  ILIAC  ARTERY-5i:31 

INFERIOR  EPIGASTRIC  ARTERY-5l:32 
DEE?  CIRCUMFLEX  ILIAC  ARTERY- 51:3 7 

b .  Veins  and  lvmphatics 


INFERIOR  VENA   CAVA-55:3 
PARIETAL  RC0TS-55:4 

INFERIOR  PHRENIC   VSIN-55:5 

LUMBAR  VEINS-55:6 
VISCERAL  ROOTS- 55: 7 

HEPATIC  VEINS-55:8 

RENAL  V£INS-55:9 

SUPRARENAL  VEINS-55:10 

SPERMATIC  VEIN- 5 5- 11 

TESTICULAR  VEIN-55:12 

OVARIAN  VEIN-55:13 
COMMON  ILIAC  VEINS-55:37 

MIDDLE  SACRAL  VEIN-55:38 

HYPOGASTRIC  VEIN-55:39         Termination  only. 

EXTERNAL  ILIAC  VEINS- 55: 58 

INFERIOR  EPIGASTRIC  VEINS-55:S9 

DEEP  CIRCUMFLEX  ILIAC  VEIN-55:50 
CISTERNA   CHYLI-56:28 
INTESTINAL  LYMPHATIC  TRUNK- 5 6:2 7 
LUMBAR  LYMPHATIC  TRUNKS-56:26 
ILIAC  LYMPH  GLANDS-5S:57 
LUMBAR  LYMPH  GLANDS-56:58 
COELIAC  LYMPH  SLANDS-56:59 
AZYGOS   VEIN-56:53 
HEMIAZYGOS  VEIN- 56: 54 

2.  Fascia  and  muscles  of  posterior  abdominal  wall 

ILIAC  FASCIA-27:55 


ABDOMEN  AND  PELVIS  98. 

QUADRATUS  LUMBORUM  MUSCLE-25:32 
ILIOPSOAS  MUSCLE~26:63 

ILIAC  MUSCLE»2  6:64 

PSOAS  MAJOR  MUSCLE-26:65 

In  the  demonstration  of  this  muscle  the  following  nerves 
are  encountered  and  should  be  guarded  from  injury:  the 
sympathct  trunk,  medial  to  it,  the  genitofemoral  nerve  in 
relation  to  its  anterior  surface,  the  ilioinguinal  and 
lateral  femoral  cutaneous  nerves  in  relation  to  its 
lateral  margin,  and  the  femoral  nerve,  situated  between 
the  psoas  major  and  iliacus  muscles. 

PSOAS  MINOR  MUSCLE-26:66 

3.     Nerves   of   the   posterior  abdominal  wall 


ABDOMINAL  PART  OF  THE  SYMPATHETIC  TRUHK-72:15 

LUMBAR  GANGLI ON- 72 : 1 6 

RAMI   C0MMUNICANTES-68:72 
TWELFTH  INTERCOSTAL  NERVE-70:1 
LUMBAR  NERVES~70:ll 

In  demonstrating  the  lumbar  nerves  and  lumbar  plexus  the  psoas 

major  muscle   is   removed  by  blunt  dissection. 
LUMBAR  PLEXUS -70:2 3 

MUS  CULAR  RAMI -70:24 

ILIOHYPOGASTRIC  NSRVS-70:25 

ILIOINGUINAL  NERVE-.7G.29 

GENITOFEMORAL  NSRVE-?0:33 

LUMBOINGUINAL  NERVE-70:34 
EXTERNAL  SPERMATIC  NSRVE-70:35 

LATERAL  FEMORAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE-70:36 

FEMORAL  NERVE-70:41 

OBTUPATOR  NERVE~70:37 
LUMBOSACRAL  IRUNK~70:22        Origin  only. 


VI^^PELVIS 
1.     Osteology 

COXAL  B0NE-15:7 

OBTURATOR  F0RAMEN-15:8 
ILIAC  B0NE-15:14 

ILIAC  CREST-15:18 

ILIAC  F0SSA-15:31 
ISCHIAL  30NE-15  :32 

SUPERIOR  RAMUS   OF  THE  ISCHIAL  B0KE-15:34 

INFERIOR  RAMUS   OF  THE  ISCHIAL  B0NS»15:35 
PUBIC  B0HE-15:40 

OBTURATOR  SULCUS-15:45 

INFERIOR  AND  SUPERIOR  RAMI  OF  THE  PUBIC  B0N3-15:49,  50 
SACRUM-7 : 5 

PELVIC  SURFACE-7:7 

PR0M0NT0RY-7:10 

ANTERIOR  SACRAL  FORAMINA-7:15 

APEX  OF  SACRAL  B0NE-7:24 
COCCYX-7:25 
PELVIS-15:52 

SYMPHYSIS  OF  PUBIC  B0NE-15:53 


ABDOMEN  AND  PELVIS  "• 

PUBIC  ARCH-15:54 

MAJOR  PELVIS-15:56 

MINOR  PELVIS-I5:57 

LINEA  TERMINALIS-15:58 

SUPERIOR  APERTURE  OF  THE  PELVIG-15:62 

INFERIOR  APERTURE  OF  THE  PELVIS-15:63 

PELVIC  AXIS-15:64 

CONJUGATE,   TRANSVERSE  AND  OBLIQUE  DIAMETERS-15:65-67 

PELVI C  INCLINATI ON-1 5:68 

2.     Peritoneum  and   fascia  in  relation  to   the   pelvis 

a.  Peritoneal   folds   in  the  gale   pelvis 
TRANSVERSE  VESICAL  F0LD»44:26 
PUBOVESICAL  F0LD~44:2  5 
MESORECTUM-43 :  61 

b.  Peritoneum  of  the   female   pelvis 
RECTOUTERINE  FOLDS -44: 35 
RECTOUTERINE  SXCAVATION-44 :3 6 
VESICOUTERINE!  EXCAVATI ON-44 : 3  7 
FOSSA  OVARICA-44:33 

BROAD  LIGAMENT  OF  UTERUS-44:29 

MSSOMETRIUM-44 :3  0 

MSS0SLPINX-44:31 

MSSOVARIUM-44:32 
SUSPENSORY  LIGAMENT  OF  THE  0VARY-44:34 

c.  Fascia 

PELVIC  FASCIA-43:2  6 

Demonstrated  by  removing  the  pelvic  peritoneum  by  blunt  dis- 
section, guarding  at  the  same  time  against  injury  to  nerves 
and  vessels. 

SUPERIOR  FASCIA  OF  PELVIC  DIAPHRAGM-43 :28 
TENDINOUS  ARCH  OF  PELVIC  FASCIA-43:29 
ENDOPELVIC  FASCIA-43:27 

MIDDLE  PUBOPROSTATIC  LIGAMENT-43 .30   In  the  male. 
MIDDLE  PUBOVESICAL  LIGAMENT-43 : 30    In  the  female. 
LATERAL  PUBOPROSTATIC  LIGAMENT-43 :3l   In  the  male. 
LATERAL  PUBOVESICAL  LIGAMENT-43 :31   In  the  female. 
The  demonstration  of  the  anterior  relations  of  the  pelvic  fascia 
is  completed  and  the  subsequent  exposure  of  pelvic  viscera 
facilitated  by  making  the  following  dissections:  a)  detaching 
the  suspensory  ligament  of  the  penis  from  the  front  of  the 
symphysis,  guarding  at  the  same  time  against  injury  to  the 
dorsal  vein  of  the  penis;  b)  detaching  all  muscles  and  fascia 
from  the  anterior  surface  of  each  pubic  bone  over  a  region 
extending  about  2.5  cm.  laterally  from  the  symphysis  pubis; 
c)  sawing  through  the  pubic  bones  by  an  incision  on  each  side 
of  the  symphysis  pubis  extending  from  the  pubic  tubercle  to  a 
point  just  below  the  attachment  cf  the  arcuate  ligament  of  the 
pubis;  and  d)  detaching  the  pelvic  fascia  from  the  posterior 
surface  of  this  isolated  segment  of  bone  and  carefully  removing 
the  bone  (retaining  the  latter  for  later  reference). 

INFERIOR  FASCIA  OF  THE'  PELVIC  DIAPHRAGM-43 : 32 

OBTURATOR  FASCIA-43:40 

TENDINOUS  ARCH  OF  THE  LEVATOR  ANI  MUSCLS-43:22 


ABDOMEN  AND  PELVIS  1°°» 

SUPERIOR  EASCIA  OF  THE  UROGENITAL  DIAPHRAGM-43:3  6 
Pelvic  viscera 


In  the  male   pelvis 
URINARY  BLADDER-3  9;29 

VERTEX  OF  BLADDER-39:30 

BODY  OF  BLADDER-39-.31 

FUNDUS   OF  3LADDER-3  9:32 

URACHUSx-39:34 

The   following  structures  are  exposed  by  an  incision  beginning  at 

the   vertex  of  the  bladder  and  extending  through  its  wall  in  an 

anterior-poseterior  direction  in  the  line  of  its  median  plane. 

TUNICA  SER0SA-39:35 

TUNICA  MUSCULARIS-3  9:3  6-»39 

TELA  SUBMUC0SA-39:42 

TUNICA  MUC0SA-39:43 

TRIGONE   OF  THE  BLADDER-39:46 

UVULA  OF  THE  BLADDER»39:47 

URETERAL  F0LD-39:48 

ORIFICE  OF  URETER-39:49 

INTERNAL  URETHRAL  ORIFICS-39: 50 

URETHRAL  RING-39:51 
MALE  URETHRA-41:19 

Its  internal  structure  is  exposed  by  introducing  a  blunt  pointed 
scissors  into  the  interna.1  urethral  orifice  and  dividing  the 
dorsal  wall  of  the  urethral  canal  throughout  its  entire  extent. 
PROSTATIC  PART-41:20 

URETHRAL   CREST-41:21 

SEMINAL  HILLOCK-41 :22 

PROSTATIC  UTRICLE-41:23 

EJACULATORY  DUCTS-40:30  Their  openings   only. 

PROSTATIC  DUCTS~40:59       Their   openings   only. 
MEMBRANOUS  PART-41:24 
CAVERNOUS  PART-41 : 2  5 

EXCRETORY  DUCTS   OF  BULBOURETHRAL  GLANDS-40:64 

NAVICULAR  FOSSA  OF  URETHRA-4l:26 

(VALVULA  FOSSAE  NAVICULARIS)-4l:27 

EXTERNAL  URETHRAL  ORIFICE-41:2S 

URETHRAL  LACUNAE-41:29 
PENIS-40:66 

The   following  structures  are   demonstrated   in  cross   sections   of 
the  penis.     For  other  structures   of  penis  see  II :1b  and  2a. 
CORPUS   CAVSRNOSUM  PENIS-41:4 
CORPUS  CAVERNOSUM  URETHRAE-41 : 5 
TUNICA  ALBUGINEA-4l:5 
SEPTUM  PENIS-4l:I0 

TRABECULAS   CORPORIS!  CAVERN0S0RUM-4X:11 
CAVERNAE  CORPORIS!  CAVER1-:0SGRUM-41:12 
The  demonstration  of  the-  remaining  pelvic  structures  may  be 
facilitated  by  detaching  the   fifth  lumbar  vertebrae  from  the  sacrum, 
dividing  the  sacrum,    coccyx,   and  any  remaining  soft  structures  in  the 
median  sagittal  plane,   and  separating  the  two  halves  of  the  pelvis. 
RECTUM-34:9 

SACRAL  FLEXURE-34:10 
PERINEAL  FLEXURE-34:11 
RECTAL  AMPULLA-34:12 
MUCOUS  MEMBRAKE-34:17 


ABDOMEli  AND  PELVIS  101. 

TRANSVERSE  RECTAL  F0LDS-34:21 
RECTOCOCCYGEAL  ;viUSCLE-34:15 
ANAL  PART  OF  RECTuM-34:22 

RECTAL  COLUMNS-34 :23 

RECTAL  SINUSES-34S24 

HEMORRHOIDAL  RING-3  4 : 2  5 

SPHINCTER  AND  INTERNUS  MUSCLE-34:14 
PELVIC  PART  OF  URETER-39:21 
PR0STATE-40:50 
BASE~40:51 
APEX-40:52 

ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  SURFACES-40:53 ?    54 
RIGHT  AND  LEFT  L0BES-40:55 
ISTHMUS-40:56 

(MIDDLE  LOBE) -40: 57 
SEMINAL  VESICLSS~40:31 

BODY  OF  SEMINAL  VESICLE-40:32 
EXCRETORY  DUCT-40:36 
DUCTUS  DEFERENS-40:21 

AMPULLA  OF  DUCTUS   DEFEKENS-40:22 

DIVERTICULA  OF  AMPULLA-40:23 
SJACULATORY  DUCT~40:3C 

b.   In  the   female   nelvis 

The  demonstration   of  the   following  structures  may  be   facilitated  by 
detaching  the  fifth  lumbar  vertebrae   from  the  sacrum,   dividing  the 
sacrum,    coccyx,   symphysis  pubis  and  any  remaining  soft  structures, 
in  the  median  sagittal   plane  and  separating  the   tv/o  halves   of  the 
pelvis. 
PERITONEUM-43 :46 

For  structures  relative  to  the  peritoneum  in  the  female- 
pelvis,   see  VI :2b. 
PELVIC  FASCIA-43:26    '    cf.  VI :2c. 
URIN  PRY  BLADDER-3  9 : 2  9 

For  structures  relative  to  the  urinary  bladder,   see  VI :3a. 
FEMALE   URETHRA-42:70  '     ' 

SXTxKEIJ.  URETHRAL  ORIFICE-42  :71 

CRISTA  URETHRALIS-43 :2 
PELVIC  PART  OF  nRETER-3  9:21 
-:-7AF;S~4i:35 

HILU£-41:37 

MEDIAL  AND  LATERAL  SURFACES-41:38,   39 

FREE  MARGIN-41:40 

MESOVARIAN  MARGIN-41 :41 

TUBAL  EXTREME TY-41: 42 

UTERINE  SXTRE?.-ITY-41:43 

OVARIAN  LIGAMENT-41:56 

CORPUS  LUTSIH-41:54 

CORPtS  ALBICANS-41:55 
PAR00PH0R0N-42 :43 
EP00PH0R0N-42:3  9 
UTERINE  TUBS-41:57 

OSTIUM  ABD0LIINALE-41:58 

INFUIDIBULmi-41 :  59 

FI2.ERIAE-41 :  60    ' 

FIMBRIA  OVARICA-41 : 51 

AMPULLA-4I:62 


ABDOMEN  AND  PELVIS  102  . 

IS2HLfiB*41:63 

UTERUS-41:76 

BODY  OF  UTERUS~41:77 
FUNDUS-42:1 
LATERAL  MARGIN-42-2 
VESICAL  SURFACS-43:3 
INTESTINAL  SURFACE-42:4 
UTERINE  CAVITY-42:5 
CERVIX~4? :7 

SUPRAVAGINAL  PART-42:8 
VAGINAL  PART-42:9 
EXTERNAL  ORIFICE  OF  UTERUS-42 ;10 
.ANTERIOR  LIP-42:11 
POSTERIOR  LIP-42  :12 
CANAL  OF  THE  CERVIX-42:13 
INTERNAL  ORIFICE  OF  THE  UTERUS-42: 6 
LIGAMENTUM  TERES-42:23 
VAGINA-42:25 

FORNIX  OF  VAGINA-42:26 
ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  WALLS-42:27,   28 
HYMEN- 42:2  9 

HYMENEAL  CARUNCLSS-42:30 
RECTUM-34:9 

For  its  structural  characteristics,  see  VI :3a. 

Pelvic  blood  vessels  (male  and  female) 

In  the  following  tabulation  vessels  which  are  either  male  or  female 
only  are  so  indicated.  All  other  vessels  are  common  to  both  sexes. 

a.  Arteries 


HYPOGASTRIC  ARTERY- 50 : 56 

PARIETAL  RAMI  OF  THE  HYPOGASTRIC  ARTERY- 50: 57 
ILIOLUMBAR  ARTERY- 50:58 

LUMBAR  RAMUSXX-SOrSg 

SPINAL  RAMUS**  -50:60 

ILIAC  RAMUSxx-50:61 
LATERAL  SACRAL  ARTERY- 50: 62 

SPINAL  RAMIxx-50:63 
CBIURAT3R  ARTERY-50:64 

PUBIC  RAMUS~50:65 
SUPERIOR  GLUTEAL  ARTERY- 51:1 
INFERIOR  GLUTEAL  ARTERY- 51: 4 
VISCERAL  RAMI   OF  THE  HYPOGASTRIC  ARTERY-51: 6 
UMBILICAL  ARTERY-51 :7 

SUPERIOR  VESICAL  ARTERr33x*-51:8 
^LATERAL  UMBILICAL  LIGAMENT  I**- 51 :  9 
INFERIOR  VESICAL  ARTERY-51 :10 
DEFERENTIAL  ARTERY*  x-5l:ll 
UTERINE  ARTERY-51: 12  In  the   female    only. 

VAGINAL  ARTERY-51: 13 

OVARIAN  RAMUS- 51: 14 

TUBAL  RAMUS-51:15 
OVARIAN  ARTERY-50:54         In  the   female   only. 
■    MIDDLE  HEMORRHOIDAL  ARTERY-51 :16 
INTERNAL  PUDEI3DAL  ARTERY-51: 17 

For  its  perineal  rami   in  both  male  and  female  see 

11:2-4. 


ABDOMINAL  AND  PELVIS  103  . 

SUPERIOR  HEMORRHOIDAL  ARTERY-50:48 
MIDDLE  SACRAL  ARTERY-50:12 

LOWEST  LUMBAR  ARTERY30"* -50:13 

GLOMUS  C0CCYGEUMX3t.50:14 

b»  Veins   of   the  'pelvis 

HYPOGASTRIC   VEIN- 55:39 

The   tributaries   of  the  hypogastric  vein-55:40,   49:53,    55-57, 
correspond  to   a  large-  degree  with  the  branches   of  the  hypo- 
gastric artery. 

HEMORRHOIDAL  PLEXUS-55:46 

VESICAL  PLEXUS  xx- 5 5:47 

PUDENDAL  PLEXUS"* -55:48 

UTEROVAGINAL  PLEXUS  ^SS: 54       In  the   female   only. 

MIDDLE  SACRAL  VEINxx-55:38 

5.  Pelvic  muscles  and  nerves 

Exposed  by  displacing  the  viscera  from  the  lateral  pelvic  walls  and 
removing  any  remains   of  the-  superior  fascia  of  the  pelvic  diaphrat-ra- 
43:23,    guarding  at  the  same  time  against  injury  to  the  fifth  sacral 
and  coccygeal  nerves. 
PELVIC  DIAPHRAGM-43:20 

LEVATOR  ANT  MUSGL3-43:21 

TENDINOUS  ARCH  OF  THE  LEVATOR  ANI  MUSCLE -43:2 2 

CCCCYGEUS  MUSCLE-43:23,  25:59 
SACRAL  PLEXUS~70:47 

LUMBOSACRAL  TRUNK-70:48 

SUPERIOR  GLUTEAL  NSRVS-7C:49 

INFERIOR  GLUTEAL  NERVS-70:50 

POSTERIOR  FEMORAL  CUTANEOUS  NSRVS-70:51 

SCIATIC  NERVE-70;54 
PUDENDAL  PLEXUS-7l:15 

MIDDLE  HEMORRHOIDAL  NERVES  xx-71: 16 

INFERIOR  VESICAL  NERVES XX~,?X:  17 

VAGINAL  NERVLSX:!:-71:18       In  the   feirale. 

PUDENDAL  NEEVE-71:19 

COCCYGEAL  N3RVEXX-71:2  6 
PELVIC  PART  OF  THE   SYMPATHETIC  SYSTEM- 72:15 

SACRAL  GA?;GLIA-72:17 
OBTURATOR  FASCIA-43 :40 
OBTURATOR  INTERNUS   LiUSCLE-2  6:72 
PIRIFORMIS  LIISCLE-2  5:71 

6.  Pelvic  articulations 


LIGAMENTS   OF  THE  PELVIC  GIRDLE-20:45 
OBTURATOR  MEMBRANE-20:46 

OBTURATOR  CANAL-20:47 
ILIOLUMBAR  LIGAMSNT-20-48 
SACROTUBEROUS  LI GAME:  "T-20i4  9 
FALCIFORM  PRGCSSS-20:50 
SACR0SPINCU5  LIGAM£NT-20:51 
GREATER  SCIATIC  F0RAMSN-20:52 
LESSER  SCIATIC  FQRAMEN-2 0 : 53 


ABDOMINAL  AND  PELVIS  104. 

SACRO-ILIAC  ARTICULATIONS 0:54 

ANTERIOR  SACRO-rJAC  LIGAMENTS-20:55 

INTEROSSEOUS   SACRO-IMAC  LIGAHENTS-20:56 

LONG  AND  SHORT  POSTERIOR  SACROILIAC  LIGAMENTS-20:57,    58. 

SYNOVIAL  CAVITY 
SYMPHYSIS  PU3IS~20:59 

SUPERIOR  PUBIC  LIGAMENTS-2O:60 

ARCUATE  LIGAMENT  OF  PUBIS-20:61 

INTERPUBIC  FIBR0-CARTIuAQ3"20: 62 

Demonstrated  by  removing  a  slice  of  bone  from  the  front 
cf  the  symphysis  pubis. 
SACRO-CCCCYGEAL  SYMPHYSIS~18:48 

SUPERFICIAL  POSTERIOR  SACRO-COCCYGSAL  LIGAMENT-18:49 

DEEP  POSTERIOR  SACRO-COCCYGEAL  LIGAMENT-IS : 50 

ANTERIOR  SACROCOCCYGEAL  LIGAMENT-18:51 

LATERAL  SACRO-COCCYGEAL  LIGAMENT-18 : 53 


INFERIOR       EXTREMITY 


[TRZIITY 


General  characteristics   of  the   inferior   ^xtremi 


1.  Subdivisions 

TEIGK-5:45 

ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  SURFACE-5:46,47 

LATERAL  AIJD  MEDIAL  SURFACE-5:48,49 
GLUTEAL  F0RR(y7-5:50 
ENEE-5:51 

POSTERIOR  SURFACE  OF  KHEE-5:52 

PATELLA-5:5S 
LEG— 5:54 
F00T-5:6C 

For  the  remaining  subdivisions  of  the  leg  and  foot 
see  VII:    la. 

2.  Regions 

REGIONS  OF  THE  INFERIOR  EXTREMITY- 84: 15 
ANTERIOR  FKIORAL  RSGI0N-84:16 

SUEUNGUENAL  FOSSA-84 :  17 
LATERAL  FS!  LORAL  REGICN-84:18 

TROCHANTERIC  REGI0N-34:19 
POSTERIOR  FKIORAL  R2GION-84:20 
MEDIAL  FEMORAL  REGION-84:21 
ANTERIOR  REGION  OF  THE  KNEE-84:22 

PATELLAR  REGI0N-84:23 
POSTERIOR  REGION  OF  TEE  XSEE~84:24 

POPLITEAL  FOSSA-34;25 
For  the  remaining  regions  of  the  inferior  extremity, 

see,  VII: lc. 
REGIONS  OF  THE  BACK-83:23 

Only  those  regions  of  the  back  are  listed  here  which 

are  In  direct  relation  to  the  regions  of  the  inferior 

extremity. 

REGION  OF  THE  RTP-83:30 

SACRAL  SEGI0E-83:31 

GLUTEAL  REGION-83:32 

PERINEAL  REGI0N-83:33 


I»5. 


II.  Gluteal  region 


1.  Surface  Anatomy 
™       NATES-5:5 

ANAL  GLEFT-5:7 

C0CCYX-7:25 

SACEUM-7:5 


INFERIOR  EXTREMITY  106, 

CREST  OF  THE  ILIUli-15 :  18 
^  ANTERIOR  SUPERIOR  ILIAC  SPIEE-15:22 
'POSTERIOR  SUPERIOR  ILIAC  SPINE-15:24 

GLUTEAL  SULCU3-5:50 

TUBEROSITY  OF  ISCEIUU-15:36 
GREATER  TROCHANTER-16:2 

2:  Fascia  and  cutaneous  nerves 

Skin  incisions:  a)  from  the  posterior  superior  iliac  spine  along 
the  iliac  crest  as  far  forward  as  possible;  b)  from  the  post- 
erior extremity  of  (a)  obliquely' distally  and  medially  to  the 
middle  line  of  the  sacral  region,  thence  distally  to  the  tip  of 
the  coccyx;  c)  from  the  tip  of  the  coccyx  distally  and  laterally, 
crossing  the  middle  point  of  the  gluteal  sulcus,  to  the  junction 
of  the  middle  and  proximal  thirds  of  the  thigh. 
SUPERFICIAL  FASCIA-23:36 
SUPERIOR  CLUNIAL  NERVES-70 : 15 
KIDDLE  CLUNIAL  NEEVES-70:21 

LATERAL  CUTANEOUS  RA13JS  OF  THE  ILIOHYPOGASTRIC  NERVE-70:27 
LATERAL  CUTANEOUS  RAIIDS  OF  THE  TflELFTH  THORACIC  NERVE-69:76 
INFERIOR  CLUNIAL  NEEVES-70 :  52 

PERINEAL  RA1II  OF  THE  POSTERIOR  FENOEAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE-^  70:53 
DEEP  FASCIA-43:32 

3.  Glutaeus  maximus  muscle 

GLUTAEUS  IIAXTUS  LUSCLE-26: 67 

TROCHANTERIC  BURSA  OF  THE  GLUTAEUS  LIAXIIUS  !IUSCLE-28:53 

GLUTAEOFE'IORAL  8URSAE-29:5 

SCIATIC  BURSA  OF  THE  GLUTAEUS  L1AXIMUS  lI0SCLE-:o:29 : 6 

4.  Structures  exposed  by  the  reflection  of  the  glutaeus  maximus  muscle 

Demonstrated  by  separating  the  glutaeus  maximus  muscle  from 
the  underlying  structures,  detaching  it  at  its  origin  and  re- 
flecting it  toward  its  insertion;  at  the  same  time  exposing  and 
cutting  its  nerve  and  vascular  supply,  but  leaving  intact  the 
posterior  femoral  cutaneous  nerve,  sacrotuberous  ligament  and 
perineal  region. 

a.Structures   distal  to  the  piriformis  muscle 
INFERIOR  GLUTEAL"  NERVE-70: 50 
INFERIOR  GLUTEAL  ARTERY-SI:*" 
POSTERIOR  FEMORAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE-70:51 
SCIATIC  NERVS~70:54 
INTERNAL  PUDENDAL  ARTERY-51-.17 
PUDENDAL  NERVE-71:19 

NERVE  TO  THE  OBTURATOR  INTERNETS  LSJSCLE 
PIRIFORMIS  IUSCLE-26:71 
OBTURATOR  INTERNUS  :USCL5-26:72 
SUPERIOR  JBJD  INFERIOR  GEL33LLI  I1USCLES-26: 73,74 
QUADRAT  US  FEIIORIS  LUSCLE-26: 75 


INFERIOR  EXTREMITY  107. 

NERVE  TO  THE'  QCADEATUS  FEIJDRIS  1IUSCLE 

Exposed  by  detaching  the  two  gene  Hi  muscles  at  their 
origins,  cutting  the  tendon  of  the  obturator  internus 
at  its  exit  from  the  lesser  sciatec  foramen  and  re- 
flecting these  structures  toward  their  insertions. 

The  following  structures  are  demonstrated  by  detaching  the 

quadratus  femoris  muscle  at  its  origin  and  reflecting  it 

toward  its  insertion. 

OBTURATOR  EXTSRNUS  HUSCLE-27-.10 

1SEDIAL  FEZ  "ORAL  CIRCUMFLEX  ARTERY-5it46  Terminal  branches  dnly 

b.  Structures  proximal  and  latera.1  to  the  piriformis  muscle 

GLUTAEUS  IJEDIUS  LHJSCLD-25:  68 

NERVE  TO  THE  TENSOR  FASCIAE  LATAE  UUSCLE 

ASCENDING  BRANCH  OF  THE  LATERAL  FEMORAL  CIRCUMFLEX  ARTERY- 

51:51 

The  following  structures  are  exposed  by  separating  the 

glutaeus  aedius  muscle  from  the  glutaeus  minimus  muscle, 

dividing  the  glutaeus  medius  muscle  about  5  cm.  proximal 

to  the  greater  trochanter  and  reflecting  the  two  parts 

toward  their  origin  and  insertion,  respectively. 

SUPERIOR  GLUTEAL  ARTERY-51>1 

SUPERIOR  GLUTEAL  NEHVE-70 : 49 

GLUTAEUS  LUNIIiDII  :USCLE-2S;69 

5.  Structures  exposed  by  the  reflection  of  the  glutaeus  minimus 
muscle. 

Demonstrated  by  detaching  the  glutaeus  minimus  muccle  at  it= 

ori~in  nd  reflecting  _t  toward  its  insertion. 

ARTICULAR  CAPSULE  OF  HIP- 20: 64 

TROCHANTERIC  BURSA  OF  GLUTAEUS  MINIMUS  MUSCLE-29:2 

REFLECTED  TENDON  OF  THE  RECTUS  FEIIORIS  IIUSCLE 

III.  Popliteal  Space 

1.  Surface  anatomy 

TENDON  OF  THE  BICEPS  FEIiORIS  IIUSCLE-27:11 

TENDONS  OF  "THE  SEUITENDINOSUS  AT©  SEMIMEliBRAWOSUS 

IFJSCLSS-27:14,15 

TENDON,  OF  ADDUCTOR  i:.T-^JS  MUSCLE-27:8 

EPICONDYLES  OF  FE;UR-:.S: 19,20 

I-ISAD  OF  FIBULA -16:  54 

COMMON  PERONEAL  NERVE-70:55 

2.  Fascia,  superficial  nerves  and  vessels 

Skin  incisions:  :.)    -Longitudinally  for  about  20  cm.  along  the 
middle  line  of  the  posterior  region  of  the  knee,  extending 
about  10  cm.  distal  and  proximal  to  the  line  of  the  articula- 
tion, of  the  knee;  b)  transversely  at  ©aeh  end  of  the  pre- 
ceding incision. 


INFERIOR  EXTREMITY  108. 

SUPERFICIAL  FASCIA-23:36 

POSTERIOR  FEMORAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE-70: 51     Terminal  branches 

only . 
SMALL  S  THENOUS  VEIN-56:1 
FEMORepOPLITEAL  VEIN-56:2 
DEEP  FASClA-27:70 

5,     Popliteal   space;    large  ner/es   and  vessels 

Exposed  "by  making  a  longitudinal   incision  through  the  deep 

fascia  in  the  middle  line  of  the  popliteal   space,   reflecting 

the   fascia  and  demonstrating  the  structures  with  a  minimum 

of  dissection. 

TIBIAL  :IEEVE-70:68 

COMMON  PERONEAL  NERVE-70: 56 

POSTERIOR  FEMORAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE-70: 51 

POPLITEAL  ARTERY-51:63 

POPLITEAL  VEDJS-56:4 

4.     Popliteal  space  medial  and  lateral  boundaries 

BICEPS  MUSCLE-27:11 

SEMITENDIN03US  MUSCLE-27: 14 

SEMIMEMBRANOSUS  MUSCLE-27-  15 

LATERAL  HEAD  OF  GASTROCNEMIUS  MUSCLE-27: 24 

MEDIAL  HEAD  OF  GASTROCNEMIUS  MUSCLT-27: 25 

PLANT  APIS  MUSCLE-27: 29 


5.  Contents  of  the  popliteal  spac« 


a .Nerves 

POSTERIOR  FEMORAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE-70; 51 
.  TIBIAL  NERVE-70: 68 

MUSCULAR  EA!I-70:69 

MEDIAL  SURAL  CUTANEOUS  NSR¥E-71:2 

INTEROSSEOUS  CRURAL  NEEVE-71:1 

ARTICULAR  RAII  TO  KNEE  JOINT 
COMMON  PERONEAL  NERVE-70: 56 

LATERAL  SURAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE-70: 58 

PERONEAL  ANASTOMOTIC  RA1US-7C:59 

ARTICULAR  RAM  TO   KNEE  JOINT 
A  genicular  ramus  of  the  obtruator  nerve  may  be  present. 

b.  Blood  vessels   and  lymphatics 

POPLITEAL  AETERY-51:6  3 

SUPERIOR  LATERIAL  GENICULAI  ARTERY-51:84 
SSUPERIOR  MEDIAL  GENICULAR  ARTERY-51:65 

MIDDLE  GENICULAR  ARTSRY-51:S6 

INFERIOR  LATERAL  GENICULAR  ARTERY-51:68 

SURAL  ARTERIES-51:67 
POPLITEAL  VEINS-56:4 
POPLITEAL  LYMPH  GLANDS-57:5 

?l'oor  of  the  popliteal   space 

POPLITEAL  SURFACE  OF  FEMUR-16:15 
OBLIQUE  POPLITEAL  LIGAIENT-21:15 

Associated  with  it   is  the  fascia  of  popliteus  muse: 


INFERIOR  EXTREMITY  109. 

IV.  Posterior  Part  of  the  Thigh 


1.  Fascia  and  cutaneous  nerves 

Skin  incision: longitudinally  through  the  skin  remaining 

on  the  hack  of  the  thigh. 

SUPERFICIAL  FASCIA-23:36 

POSTERIOR  FEMORAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE-70:51   Terminal  rami- 

ANTERIOR  FEMORAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE-70:4-2   Medial  terminal 

rami  only. 
CUTANEOUS  RAMUS  OF  THE  OBTURATOR  NERVE-70:39 
DEEP  FASCIA-27:49 

2.  Muscles 

BICEPS  FE1I0RIS  M0SCLE-27:11 

LONG-  EEAD-27:12 

SHORT  HE;D-27:13 
SErnHEHBRANOSUS  II0SCLE-27:15 

BURSA  OF  SEMIMEMBRANOSUS  MUSCLE-29 : 26 

3.  Nerves  and  hlood  vessels 

POSTEROIR  FEMORAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE~70:51 
IS  CHIADIC  NERYE-70 : 54 

MUSCULAR  RAMI-70:55 
FIRST  PERFORATING  ARTERY-51:53 
SECOND  PERFORATING  AETERY-5l:55 
THIRD  PERFORATING  ARTERY-51-.56 
PERFORATING  YEINS-55:75 
FEMOROPOPLITEAL  7EIN-56:2 

V»  Anterior  Part  of  the  Thigh 


1.  Surface  anatomy 


ANTERIOR  SUPERIOR  ILIAC  SPINE-15:22 

SYMPHYSIS  PUBIS-20:59 

INGUINAL  LIC-AMENT-25:41 

PUBLIC  TUBERCLE-15:44 

PUBLIC  ARCH-15:54 

INFERIOR  RAMUS  OF  TEE  PUBIS-15:49 

INFERIOR  RAMUS  OF  THE  ISCHIUM-15:35 

TUBEROSITY  0?  THE  ISCHJUM-15:36 

GREATER  TROCHANTER  OF  TEE  FEMUR-16:2 

PATELLA-16:59 

MEDIAL  CONDYLE  OF  TEE  FEI\IDR-16:16 

LATERAL  CONDYLE  OF  THE  FEM0R-16:17. 


IEFEEIOR  EXTREMITY  11C- 

2«  Regions  in  relation  to  the  antcriot  aspect  of  tho  thigh 

ANTERIOR  FEMORAL  REC-10N-8<1-:16 

SUBINGUINAL  F0SSA~84:17 
LATERAL  FFAIORAL  REGT0F-84:18 

TROCHANTERIC  REG10N-84: 19 
LIEDI.IL  FEHORAL  REGI0N-84:21 

5.  Fascia,  superficial  vessels,  lymphatics  and  cutaneous  nerves 

a.  Superficial  fascia,  "blood  vessels, and  .lyapbaties :  cutaneous  n 
Sicin  incisions:  aj  from  the  anterior  superior  iliac  spine 
along  the  line  of  the  inguinal,  ligament  to  the  symphysis 
pubis:  b)  from  the  median  end  of  (a)  distally,  just  lateral 
to  the  scrotum  and  along  the  medial  aspect  of  the  thigh  for 

a  distance  of  10  cm. ;  c)  from  the  distal  end  of  (b)  anter- 
iorly and  transversely  to  the  lateral  aspect  of  the  thigh; 
d)  from  the  end  of  incision  (b)  distally  to  the  medial  con- 
dyle of  the  tibia;  c)  from  the  latter  point  anteriorly  and 
transversely  to  the  lateral  condyle  of  the  tibia. 
SUPERFICIAL  FASCIA-23:36 
GREAT  SAPHENOUS  V3IK-55:66 
SUPERFICIAL  EPIGASTRIC  YEIN-55:65 
SUPERFICIAL  CIRCUIiFLEX  ILIAC  VEIN-55:68 
EXEEEHAL  FUDFAALAL  7EINS-55:64 
SUPERFICIAL  EPIGASTRIC  ARTERY-51:3S 
'  SUPERFICIAL  CIRCUJIFLEX  ILIAC  AETERY-51:40 
EXTERNAL  PUDENTAL  ARTERTE3-51: 4-1 
SUPERFICIAL  SUBINGUISAL  LYuPH  GLANDS-57 : 3 

b.  Fossa  ovalis 


FOSSA  07ALIS-27r65 

FALCIFORM  UARC-BI-27:66 

SUPERIOR  C0RHU-27:67 

INFERIOR  C0RNU~27;88 
FASCIA  CRIBC3A-27:599 

Some  of  the  deep  subinguinal  lymph  glands-57:4,  may  be 
in  relation  to  the  fossa  ovalis. 

c.  Cutaneous  nerves,    superficial  pra.epatellar  bursae 
ILIOINGUINAL  NERVF-70 :  29 
LOHBOINGUINAL  NER7E-70:34 
LATERAL  FEE  [ORAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE-70:36 
ANTERIOR  FEMORAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVES-70:42 
INFRAPATELLAR  RALIUS  OF  THE  SAPHENOUS  NERVE-70:45 
.CUTANEOUS  PA? II  OF  THE  OBTURATOR  NERVE-70:39 
BURSA  PRAEPATELLARIS  SUBCUTA2JEA-29 : 12 
BURSA  PRAEPATELLARIS  SUBFASClALIS-29: 15 


INFERIOR  EXTREMITY'  113- 

d».  Deep  fascia 

FASCIA  LATA-27 : 49 

ILIOTIBIAL  TRACT-27:50 

LATERAL  INTERMUSCULAR  SEPTUM-27:51 . 

MEDIAL  INTERMUSCULAR  SEPTUM-27:52 

4.  Femoral  sheath 

Demonstrated  by  making  an  incision  through  the  fascia  lata 
.  beginning  aVthe  superior  cornu  of  the  falciform  margin  of 
the  fossa  ovalis  and  extending  laterally  to  "ithin  about 
2  cm.  of  the  anterior  superior  iliac  spine 3  reflecting  the 
fascial  flap  laterally  and  removing  the  subjacent  fat  and 
deep  subinguinal  lymph  glands;  contents  exposed,  by  a  longi- 
tudinal incision  through  the  anterior  -trail  of  each  of  the  three 
subdivisions  or  compartments  of  the  sheath. 
FEMORAL  ARTERY-5I:38 
mmOINGuTNAL  NERYE-70 :  34 
FEHORAL  VEIN-55:61 
FEMORAL  CAKAL-27:62 

The  folio-ring  structures  are  palpable  by  introducing 

the  little  finger  into  the  femoral  canal* 

FEMORAL  RIKG-27:63  ' 

FEMORAL  SE?TUM-27:64 

LACUNAR  LIGAMENT-25:42 

INGUINAL  LIGAMENT-25:41 

FEMORAL  VSIN-55 :  61 

PUBIC  B0NE-15:40 
FEMORAL  HERNIA 

5.FFemoral  trigone  and  its  contents 

Exposed  by  removing  the  fascia  lata  from  the  anterior  aspect 

of  the  proximal  third  of  the  thigh. 

FEMORAL  TRIG0NE-27:59 

FASCIA  ILI0PECTINEA-27:56 

LACUNA  MUSCUL0RBiI-27:57 

LACUNA  VASOSDI 1-27 : 5  8 

FEMORAL  ARTERY-5l:38 

SUPERFICIAL  EPIGASTRIC  ARTERY-51:39 

SUPERFICIAL  CIRCUMFLEX:  ILIAC  ARTERY-51:40 

EXTERNAL  PUDENDAL  ARTERIES-51:41 

INGUINAL  RAMI  XX-51:44 

DEEP  FEMORAL  ARTSRY-51:45 

MEDIAL  CIRCUMFLEX  FBI-DEAL  ARTEEY-51:46 
LATERAL  CIRCUISFLEX  FEMORAL  ARTERY-51:50 
FEMORAL  VEIN-55 : 61 

SUPERFICIAL-  EPIGASTRIC  VEIN-55:65 

SUPERFICIAL  CIRCUiiFLEX  ILIAC  VEIN-55i68 

EXTERNAL  PUDENDAL  7SINS-55:64 

GREAT   SAPHENOUS  VEIN-55:66 

ACCESSORY  SAPHENOUS  VSIN-55: 67 


INFERIOR  EXTREMITY  112 


DEEP  FEMORAL  VEINS-55:72 

MEDIAL  CIRCUMFLEX  FEMORAL  VEDIS-55:69 
LATERAL  CIRCUMFLEX  FEMORAL  VEINS-55:70 

LUMBOINGUINAL  NEEVE-70:34 

LATERAL  FEMORAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE-70:36 

FEMORAL  NERVE-70 :  41 

The  following  muscles  are  in  relation  to  the  floor  and  medial 

and  lateral  boundaries,  of  the  trigone: 

ADDUCTOR  LONGUS  MUSCLE-2?:5 

PECTINEUS  MUSCLE-27:4 

ILIOPSOAS  MUSCLE-26: 63 

S  ARTORIUS  '..  IUS  CLE-2  6:76- 

FOSSA  ILI0PECTINEA-27:60 

6»  Adductor  canal  and  its  contents 

ADDUCTOR  CANAL-27:53 

Exposed  by.  making  a  longitudinal  incision  through  the 
fascia  lata  remaining  on  the  distal  two-thirds  of  the_ 
anterior  aspect  of  the  thigh  and  reflecting  the  fascial 
flaps  laterally  and  medially,  but  leaving  intact  the 
iliotibial  tract;  contents  demonstrated  by  a  longitu- 
dinal incision  through  the  fibrous  anterior  wall  of  the 
canal. 

FEMORAL  ARTERY-51:38 

ARTERIA  GENU  SUPREMA-51 : 59 
SAPHENOUS  RAMUS-5T:61 
MUSCULAR  RAHI-51:60 
ARTICULAR  RAMI-51:62 

FEMORAL  VEIN-55:611 

SAPHENOUS  NERVE-70 : 44 

TENDINOUS  [ADDUCTORJ  0PENING-27:54 

7 ,  Uuscles   of  the  front  of  the  thigh 

SARTORIUS  MUSCLE-26:76 
TENSOR  FASCIAE  LATAE  MUSCLE-26: 70 
ILIOTIBIAL  T?ACT-27:50 

LATERAL  INTERMJSCULAR  SEPTUM  OF  THE  THIGH-27:51 
MEDIAL  INTERMUSCULfiB  SEPTTII  OF  THE  THIGH-27:52 
*   QUADRICEPS  FEMORIS  MUSCLE-26: 77 

RECTUS  FEMORIS  MUSCLE-26 : 78  . 

BURSA  OF  RECTUS  FEMORIS  IUS  CLF^-29 : 7 

VASTUS   LATERALIS  MUSCLE-26: 79 

VASTUS  MEDIALIS  MUSCLE-27:2 

VASTUS  IHTERMEDIUS  MUSCLE-27:1 

Exposed  by  making  a  transverse  incision  through  the 

middle  of  the  rectus  femoris  muscle  and  reflecting 

the  distal  end. 


INFERIOR  EXTREMITY  113  ■ 


ARTICULARIS   GENU  HCTSCLE-  27:3 

Exposed  by  making  a   longitudinal      incision  through 

the  vastus s   intermedius  muscle. 
COMMON  TENDON  OF  THE   QUADRICEPS  s;FEMOR  IS  MUSCLE-26:77 
MEDIAL  PATELLAR  RETINACUL0i:-21:lS 
LATERAL  PATELLA?.  RETIlTACULTJiI-21:20 

VI.  Uedial  Side   of  the  Thich 


1.  Uuoolc^,   nerves   and  vessels 

ADDUCTOR  LONGUS  NfJSCLE-27:5 

DEE?  FENORAL  ARTERY-51:45 

E:cposed  by  dstaohing  •the-psotincus  ruscle-at  its  or- 
igin  and  reflectong  it  toirard  its   insertion, 
.guarding,    at  the  same  time,   the   anterior  ramus  of  the 
obturator  nerve. 
FIRST  PERFORATING  ARTSRY-51 : 53 
SUPERIOR  NUTRIENT  FEMORAL  ARTERY-51:54 
SECOND  PERFORATING  ARTERY-51:55 
THIRD  PERFORATING  ARTSRY-51: 55 
INFERIOR  NUTRIENT  FEMORAL  ARTSRY-51: 57 

PECTINEUS  MUSCLE-27:4 

PECTINEAL  FASCIA-27:S1 

BURSA  OF  PECTINEUS  HLrSCLE:oc-2S:lC 

MEDIAL  CIRCUMFLEX  FENORAL  ARTERY-51:46 

Exposed  by  detaching  the  pectineus  muscle  at  its  or- 
igin and  reflecting  it  toward  its  insertion. 
SUPERFICIAL  RAM0S-51:47 
DEEP  RA-.IUS-51:48 
ACETABULAR  RAMOS -5 1 : 43 

ADDUCTOR  BREVIS  MUSCLE-27:7 

OBTURATOR  NERVE-70:37 

POSTERIOR  RAMUS-70:40 

Exposed  by  detaching  the  adductor  brevis  muscle  at 
its  origin  and  reflecting  it  toward  its  insertion • 
ANTERIOR  PAMUS-70:38 
CUTANEOUS  RAMUS-70:39 

GRACILIS  HUSCLE-27-.6 

PROPER  BURSA  OF  SARTORIUS  MUSCLE-29:13 
BURSA  ANSERINA-29 : 20 

ADDUCTOR  MINIMUS  ?-lUSCLE-27:9 

ADDUCTOR  MAGNUS  MPSCLE-27:8 

TENDINOUS    [aIDUCTORJ    OPENING- 27:54 

The  following  structures  are  demonstrated  by  detaching  the 

adductor  minimus  and  magnus  muscles  at  their  origins  and 

reflecting  them  toward  their   insertions. 

OBTURATOR  EXTERNUS  MUSCL£-27:10 

PSOAS  MAJOR  I!USCL£-26:65 

ILIAC  M0SCLE-26:64 


INFERIOR  EXTREMITY 


114, 


OBTURATOR  ARTERY~50:64 

Demonstrated  by  the  removal  of  the   obturator  externus 

muscle  bit  by  bit. 

ANTERIOR  RAMUS-50:66 

POSTERIOR  RAMUS-50:S7 

ARTERY  OF  THE  ACETA3ULUM-50:63-: 


VI I ♦   Hip  Joint 
1.   Structures   in  relation  to  the  hip   joint 

Demonstrated  by  severing  the  femoral  artery,  vein  and  nerve, 

detaching  the   iliopsoas  muscle  at  its   insertion,   dividing 

the  sartoi-ius  muscle  near   its  origin  and  reflecting  these 

structures  together  vrith  the  tensor  fasciae   latae  muscle  and 

exposing  the  capsule  of  the  hip  joint. 

ILIOPECTINEAL  BURSA-29:8 

BURSA  OF  RECTUS  FEMORIS  MUSCLE30^ 9  :7 

SUBTENDINOUS  ILIAC  BURSA-29:9 

ARTICULAR  CAPSULE~20:64 

ILIOFEMORAL  LIGAIIENT-20:69 

ISCHIOCAPSULAR  LIGALIENT-21:1 

PUBOCAPSULAR  LIGAMENT -21: 2 

ZONA  ORBICULARIS»20:68 

GLENOID  LIP-20:S5 

TRANSVERSE  LIGAMENT  OF  ACETABULUM-20:66 

LIGAMENTUM  TERES  FEMORIS-20';67 

SYNOVIAL  MEMBEANE-18:32 


VIII.      Leg       and       Foot 


1-   General  Characteristics 

a. Subdivisions   of   leg  and  foot 

LEG-5:54 

ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  SURFACES-5:55,56 
CALF-5:57 

MEDIAL  AND  LATERAL  MALLEOLI-5  :58,59 
F00T-5:60 

TARSUS -5: 61 

HETATARSUS-5:62 

DORSUM  AND  SOLE  OF  F00T-5:63,64 

MEDIAL  AND  LATERAL  MARGINS-5:65,66 

HEEL-5 : 67 

DIGITS  OF  F00T-5:68 

HALLUX-5 : 69 

DIGITS   II-IV-5:70 

SMALLEST  DIGIT-5:71 

DORSAL  AND  PLANTAR  SURFACES-5: 72,73 

MEDIAL  AND  LATERAL  MARGINS-5:74,75 


INFERIOR  EXTREMITY  115- 

b. Surf ace  anatomy 

TUBEROSITY  OF  THE  TIBIA-16:32 

ANTERIOR  CREST  OF  THE  TIBIA-16:37 

MEDIAL  MARGIE  OF  THE  TIBIA-16:36 

MEDIAL  SURFACE  OF  TEE  TIBIA-16:33 

LATERAL  MALLEOLUS-16:57 

?4EDIAL  MALLE0LUS-16:40 

TUBEROSITY  OF  THE  NAVICULAR-17:23 

TUBEROSITY   OF  THE  FIFTH  METATARSAL  EONE-17:36 

c. Regions 

ANTERIOR  CRURAL  REGION-84.-26 
POSTERIOR  CRURAL  REGI0N-84:27 

SURAL  REGI0N-84:28 
LATERAL  AND  MEDIAL  CRURAL  REGIONS-84:29,30 
LATERAL  MALLEOLAR  EEGI0N-84:31 
MEDIAL  MALLEOLAR  REGI0N-84:32 

LATERAL  AND  I.tEDLIL  RETR  ©MALLEOLAR  REGIONS-84:33,34 
CALCANEAL  RSGI0N-84:35 

DORSAL  AND  PLANTAR  REGIONS  OF  FOOT-84: 36,37 
DIGITAL  REGIONS   OF  FOOT-84: 38 

DORSAL  DIGITAL  REGIONS-84:39 

UNGUICULAR  RSGI0NS-84:40 
PLANTAR  DIGITAL  REGIONS   OF  FOOI -84:41 

2.  Anterior  region  of  leg  and  dorsum  of  foot 

a. Superficial  fascia,   cutaneous  nerves  and  veins 

Skin  incisions;   a)    longitudinally  along  the  median  line   of 

the  leg  and  dorsum  of  the  foot  to  the  base  of  the  middle 

toe;  b)  transversely  across  the  ankle;   c)  transversely  across 

the  dorsum  of  the  foot  at  the  bases   of  the  toes;    d)  a 

medial   longitudinal   incision  along  the  dorsal  surface  of 

each  digit. 

SUPERFICIAL  FASCIA-23:36 

DORSAL  DIGITAL  VEINS   OF  F00T-56:15 

INTERCAPITULAR  VEINS-56:11 

COMMON  DIGITAL  VEINS  OF  F00T-56:9 

DORSAL  VENOUS  ARCH  OF  F00T-56 : 8 

DORSAL  CUTANEOUS  VENOUS  NETWORK  OF  F00T-56:7 

SMALL  SAPHENOUS  VEIN-56:!  Origin  only. 

GREAT  SAPHENOUS  VEIN-55:66        Origin  only. 

SAPHENOUS  NERVE- 70: 44 

MEDIAL  CUTANEOUS  RAMI  OF  LEG- 70  .-46 

LATERAL  SURAL  CUTANEOUS   NERVE-70:58       Terminal  rami  only* 

SUPERFICIAL  PERONEAL  NERVE-70:60 

DEEP  PERONEAL  NERVE-70:65       Terminal  rami  only. 

DORSAL  DIGITAL  NERVES-70.-64 

LATERAL  DORSAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE-71:5 


INFERIOR  EXTREMITY  US, 


p.  Deep  fascia 

DEEP  FASCIA  OF  THE  LEG-27:70 
TRANSVERSE  CRURAL  LIGAMENT-27:73 
DORSAL  FASCIA  OF  FOOT -2 8:1 
CRUCLVTE  LIGAMENT  OF  THE  LEG-27:75 
SUPERIOR  PERONEAL  RETINACULUM-27:76 
INFERIOR  PERONEAL  RETINACULUM-27:77 
ANTERIOR  FIBULAR  3BPTUM-27:7I 
POSTERIOR  FIBULAR  SEPTUM-27:72 

clvluscles  in  the  anterior  region  of  leg 

Exposed  by  making  a  longitudinal  incision  through  the  deep 

fascia  on  the  front  of  the  leg,  extending  from  the  knee  to 

the  transverse  crural  ligament  and  reflecting  the  deep 

fascia,  hut  retaining  intact  the  transverse  and  cruciate 

crural  ligaments. 

TIBIALIS  ANTERIOR  MUSCLE-27:16 

EXTENSOR  DIGITOEUM  L0I3GUS  MUSCLE-27:17 

EXTENSOR  EALLUCIS   LONGUS  MUSCLE-27:19 

PERONEUS  TERTIUS  MUSCLE-27:18 

VAGINA  TENDINIS  MUSCULI  TIBIALIS  ANTERIOF:IS-29:29 

VAGINA  TENDINIS  MUSCULI  EXTERSORIS  HALLUCIS   L0NGUS-29:30 

VAGINA  TENDINIS  MUSCULI  EXTENSORIS  DIGITORUM  PEDIS  LONGI- 

29:31 

d. Arteries 

ANTERIOR  TIBIAL  ARTERY-52:! 

Exposed  by  separating  the  extensor  digitorum  longus 

from  the  tibialis  anterior  muscle. 

ANTERIOR  TIBIAL  RECURRENT  ARTERY-52 :3   Origin  only. 

LATERAL  ANTERIOR  MALLEOLAR  ARTERY-52 :4 

MEDIAL  ANTERIOR  MALLEOLAR  ARTERY-52: 5 

MEDIAL  MALLEOLAR  NET^ORK-SE : 6 

LATERAL  MALLEOLAR  NETW0RK-52:7 
PERFORATING  RAMUS   OF  THE  PERONEAL  ARTERY-52: 20  Termination 

only. 
DORSAL  ARTERY   OF  F00T-52:8 

LATERAL  TARSAL  ARTERY-52: 9 

KEDLAL  TARSAL  ARTERIES-52:10 

ARCUATE  ARTERY-52: 11 

DORSAL  NETWORK  OF  FOOT-52 : 12 

DORSAL  METATARSAL  ARTERIES-52:13 

DORSAL  DIGITAL  ARTERIES-52:14 

DEEP  PLANTAR  RAMUS- 52 :15 

e. Nerves 


DEEP  PERONEAL  NERVE -70 : 65 
MUSCULAR  RAMI-70:66 

DORSAL  DIGITAL  NERVES  TO  LATERAL  SURFACE  OF  HALLUX 
AND  TO  MEDIAL  SURFACE  OF  DIGIT    11-70:67 

SUPERFICIAL  PERONEAL  NERVE-70:60 
MUSCULAR  RAMI-70:61 
MEDIAL  DORSAL  .CUTANEOUS  NERVE-70:62 
INTERMEDIATE  DORSAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE-70:62 
DORSAL  DIGITAL  NERVES   OF  THE  F00T-7O:64 


INFERIOR  EXTREMITY 


f. Muscles   of  the  dorsum  of  the  foot 

EXTENSOR  HALLUCIS   BREVIS  MUSC LE-2 7 : 34 

EXTENSOR  DIGITORUM  BREVIS  MUSCLE-27:35 

Exposed  by  dividing  the  tendons  of  the  muscles  on  the 
front  of  the  leg  at  the  level  of  the  transverse  cru- 
ciate ligament  and  reflecting  the  tendons  toward  their 
insertion. 

DORSAL  INTEROSSEOUS  MUSCLES-27 :47 

Demonstrated  by  dividing  the  tendons  of  the  extensor 
digitorum  brevis  muscle  and  reflecting  the  muscle 
toward  its  origin;  completing,  at  the  same  time,  the 
exposure  of  the  lateral  tarsal  artery, arcuate  artery, 
and  terminal  rami  of  the  degip  peroneal  artery. 

3.  Lateral  or  peroneal  region  of  leg 

a. Deep  fascia  ana  muscles 

ANTERIOR     FIPULTR"      INTERMUSCULAR  SEPT UM-2 7 :  7 1 

Demonstrated  by  making  a   longitudinal   incision  through 
the  deep  fascia  of  this  region  and  reflecting  the 
fascia,   retaining   intact,   however,  the  peroneal  retin- 
acula . 
POSTERIOR     FIBULAR      INTERMUSCULAR  SEPTUM-27:72 
PERONEUS   LOIiGUS  MUSCLE-27:20 
PERONEUS  BREVIS  MUSCLE-27:21 

SUPERIOR  RETINACULUM  OF  THE  PERONEAL  MUSCLES-27: 76 
INFERIOR  RETINACULUM  OF  THE  PERONEAL  MUSCLES-27. -77 
COMMON  SHEATH  OF  TENDONS  OF  THE  PERONEAL  MUSCLES-29:35 
SUBCUTANEOUS  BURSA  OF  THE  LATERAL  MALLEOLUS -2 9: 27 

b. Nerves 

COMMON  PERONEAL  NERVE-70 : 56 
SUPERFICIAL  PERONEAL  KERVE-70:S© 

MUSCULAR  RAMI-70 : 61 
DEEP  PERONEAL  NERVE-70:65 

4.  Medial  region  of  leg 

GREAT  SAPHENOUS  VEIN-55:66 
SAPHENOUS  LIERVE-70:44 

INFRAPATELLAR  RAMUS-70:45 

MEDIAL  CUTANEOUS  RAMI  OF  LEG-71:46 
TENDONS  OF  INSERTION  OF  THE  SARTORIUS, GRACILIS  AND  SEMI- 
TEND  INOSUS  MUSCLES. 

TIBIAL  COLLATERAL  LIGAMENT  OF  KNEE  J0IITT-21:14 
MEDIAL  INFERIOR  GENICULAR  ARTERY -51: 69 

5.  Posterior  region  of  leg  and  heel 

a. Fascia,  superficial  veins  and  cutaneous  nerves 

Skin  incisions:  a)  longitudinally  in  the  middle  line  of  the 
leg  from  the  popliteal  space  to  the  heel;  b)  transversely  at 
the  distal  end  of  (a)  and  extending  5  cm.  along  the  medial 
and  lateral  margins  of  the  foot. 


117. 


INFERIOR  EXTREMITY  118. 


SHALL  SAPHENOUS  VEIN-56:! 
GREAT  SAPHENOUS  ¥3111-55:66 
SURAL  NEEVE-71:3 

MEDIAL  SURAL  CUTANEOUS   NERVE-71:2 
PERONEAL  ANASTOMOTIC  EAMUS-70:59 
LATERAL  SURAL  CUTANEOUS   NERYE-70:58 
POSTERIOR.  FEIORAL  CUTANEOUS   NSR7E-70:51 

MEDL\L  CRURAL  CUTANEOUS  RAM  OF  THE  SAPHENOUS  NERVE-70:46 
ANTERIOR  FEMORAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVES-70-.42     Medial  terminal 

rami  only. 
DEEP  F£SCIA~27:74 
LACINIATE  LIGAMENT-27 : 74 

b.  Muscles;  superficial  group 

Exposed  by  dividing  the  deep  fascia  in  the  median  line  from 

the  popliteal  fossa  to  the  heel  and  reflecting  the  fascia, 

but  retaining  intact  the  lacinate  ligament. 

TRICEPS  MUSCLE  OF  TEE  CALF-27:22 

GASTROCNEMIUS  MJSCLE-27 : 22 
LATERAL  HEAD- 2 7 : 24 
LIEDIAL  HEAD-27:25 

LATERAL  BURSA  OF  GASTROCNEMIUS  MUSCLE-29  :  24 
MEDIAL  BURSA  OF  GASTROCNEMIUS  EUSCLE-2S:25 

SOLEUS  MUSCLE-27:26 

Expos 6d  by  detaching  the  gastrocnemius  at  its  attach- 
ment to  the  calcaneal  tendon  and  reflecting  it 
proximally. 
TENDINOUS  ARCH  OF  THE  SOLEUS  MJSCLE-27.-27 

PLAETARIS  HUSCLE-27:29 

CALCANEAL  TENDON  (OF  ACHILLSS)-27:28 
SUBCUTANEOUS  CALCANEAL  BUESA-29:2? 
BURSA  OF  CALCANEAL  TENDON-29:40 

Demonstrated  by  dividing  the  calcaneal  tendon 

a  fesr  centimeters  from  its  insertion  and  reflecting 

the  tendon. 

c. Muscles;  deep  group 

Structures  s:rpose'd  by  detaching  the  soleus  muscle  at  its  or- 
igin from  the  tibia,  separating  It  from  the  tendinous  arch, 
reflecting  the  muscle  laterally,  and  malcing  a  longitudinal 
incision  through  the  deep  transverse  fascia  or  septum  be- 
tween the  superficial  and  deep  group  of  muscles  of  the  back 
of  the  leg. 
POPLITEUS  MUSCLE-27:30 

BURSA  OF  POPLITEJS  MUSCLE-29 : 22 
FLEXOR  DIGITORIUM  LONGUS  MUSCLE-27:32 

SHEATH  OF  TENDONS  OF  FLEXOR  DIGITORUM  LONGUS  MUSCLE-29: 32 
-TIBIALIS  POSTERIOR  MUSCLE-27:31 

SHEATH  OF  TENDON  OF  TIBIALIS  POSTERIOR  MUSCLE-29: 33 
FLEXOR  HALLUCIS  LONGUS  MUSCLE-27:33 

SHEATH  OF  TENDON  OF  FLEXOR  HALLUCIS  LONGUS  MUSCLE-29: 34 

d. Arteries 

POPLITEAL  ARTERY-51:63  Termination  only. 
ANTERIOR  TIBIAL  ARTERY-52:!  Origin  only. 
POSTERIOR  TIBIAL  RECURRENT  ARTERY-52: 2 


INFERIOR  EXTREMITY  1H 


ANTERIOR  TIBIAL  LYMPH  GLAND-57:6 
POSTERIOB  TIBIAL  ARTERY-52: 16 
FIBULAR  RAMUS- 52: 17 
PERONEAL  ARTERY-52 : 18 

NUTRIENT  ARTERY  OF  TEE  FIBULA-52:19 

PERFORATING  RAMUS-52:20 

C  OMMUNICAT ING  RAMUS  -52 :  2 1 

LATERAL  POSTERIOR  MALLEOLAR  ARTERY-52: 22 

LATERAL  CALCANEAL  RAMI-52-.23 
NUTRIENT  ARTERY   OF  THE  TIBIA-52:24 
MEDIAL  POSTERIOR  MALLEOLAR  ARTERY-52: 25 
MEDIAL  CALCANEAL  RAMI-52:26 
NETWORK  OF  HEEL-52:27 

e. Nerves 

TIBIAL  NERVE-70:G8 

MUSCULAR  RAMI-70:69 
INTEROSSEOUS  NERVE   OF  LEG-71:1 
MEDIAL  SURAL  CUTANEOUS  NSRVE-71:2 
SURAL  NER~E-71:3 

f .Laciniate  ligament-27 : 74 

6.  Plantar  region  of  the  foot, 

a. Fascia  and  superficial  veins 

Skin  IncTsTon£™a)'  longitudinally  along  the  middle  line  of 

the  sole;  "b)  transversely  across  the  sole  at  the  clefts  of 

the  toes;  c)  longitudinally  along  the  middle  line  of  each 

toe. 

SUPERFICIAL  FASCTA-23:36 

DIGITAL  PLANTAR  VEINS~56:16 

PLANTAR  VENOUS  ARCH-56:13 

IMTERCAPITULAR  VEINS-56: 11 
PLANTAR  VENOUS  NETW0RK-56:12 

MEDIAL  CALCANEAL  RAMI  OF  THE  TIBIAL  NERVE-71:6 
PLANTAR  APONEUROSI S ~2 8 : 2 

TRANSVERSE  FAS ICULI-2 8 : 3 

bcMusclea;    superficial   layer 
ABDUCTOR  HA LLUC IS  MUS  C  LE-2  7 : 3  6 
FLEXOR  EIGITORUM  BREVIS  MUSCLE-27:44 

VAGINAL  LIGAMENT-28 : 6 

ANNULAR  LIGAMENT -2  8 : 5 

CRUCIATE   LIGAMENT-28:? 
DIGITAL  SHEATHS   OF  TENDONS    OF  F00T-29:44 
ABDUCTOR  DIGITI  QUINT I  MUSCLE-27:41 

c. Plantar  arteries 


Exposed  by  detaching  the  preceding  muscles  at  their  origins 
and  reflecting  them  toward  their  insertions  (noting  at  the 
same  time  their  nerve  suppljr). 
MEDIAL  PLANTAR  ARTERY-52: 28 

SUPERFICIAL  RAMUS -52: SO 

DEEP  RAMUS-52:29 
LATERAL  PLANTAR  ARTERY-52: 31 


iim  EXTREMITY  120' 


d. Plantar   Nerves 

MEDIAL  PLANTAR  NERVE-71:7 

COMMON  DIGITAL  PLANTAE  NERVES-71: 8 

PROPER  DIGITAL  PLANTAR  NERVES-71: 9 
LATERAL  PLANTAR  NERVE-71:10 

SUPERFICIAL  EAMUS-71:11 
COMMON  DIGITAL  PLANTAR  NERVES-71: 12 
PROPER  DIGITAL  PLANTAR  NERVES-71: 13 

e. Muscles;  second  layer  of  muscles  and  tendons 

TENDONS   OF  THE  FLEXOR  DlGITORUM  LONGUS  MU3CLE-2 7 : 32 
QUADRATUS  PLANTAE  MUSCLE-27:45 
LUMBRICALES  MUSCLES -2 7: 46 

EURSAE   OF  LUMBRICALES  MUSCLES  -29: 43 
TENDON   OF  THE  FLEXOR  HALLUCIS   LONGUS  MUSCLE-27:33 

f .Muscles;  third  layer 

Exposed  by  dividing  the  tendons  of  the  flexor  digit orum 
longus  and  flexor  haliucis  iongus  muscles,  the  heads  of  the 
quadratus  plantae  muscle,  and  the  plantar  vessels  and  nerves 
near  the  os  calcaneus  and  reflecting  these  structures  distally 
(noting  at  the  same  time  the  nerve  supply  to  the  lumbricales 
muscles) . 

FLEXOR  HALLUCIS  EREVIS  MUSCLE-27:37 
ADDUCTOR  HALLUCIS  MUSCLS-27:33 
OBLIQUE  HEAD-27:39 
TRANSVERSE  HEAD-2  7 : 40 
FLEXOR  DIGIT I  QUINTI  EREVIS  MUSCLE-27:42 
OPPONENS  DIGIT I  QUINTI  HUSCLE-27:43 

g.  Plantar  arch  and  deep  division  of  the  lateral  plantar  nerve 
Demonstrated  "Fy  detaching  the  flexor  haliucTs"HBrevis  muscle 
and  the  oblique  head  of  the  adductor  hallucis  muscle  at  their 
origins  and  reflecting  them  distally  (identifying  at  the 
same  time  the  nerve  supply  of  the  latter  muscle). 
PLANTAR  ARCH-52:32 

PLANTAR  METATARSAL  ARTERIES-52 : 33 

PERFORATING  RAMI-52:34 

DIGITAL  PLANTAR  ARTERIES-52 : 35 
DEEP  BRANCH  OF  LATERAL  PLANTAR  NERVE-71:14 

h. Interosseous  muscles  and  deep  tendons 

TRANSVERSE  LIGAMENT   OF  THE  HEADS   OF  THE  METATARSAL  BONES- 

22:21 

PLANTAR   INTEROSSEOUS  MUSCLES-27:48 

DORSAL  INTEROSSEOUS  MUSCLES-27:47 

TENDON  OF  TIBIALIS  POSTERIOR  MUSCLE-27:31 

TENDON  OF  PSRONEUS  LONGUS  MUSCLE-27:-20 

PLANTAR  SHEATH  OF  TENDON  OF  PERONEUS   LONGUS  MUSCLE- 

29:41 

7.  Articulations  of  the  leg  and  foot 

a. KNEE  J0INT-21:3 

ARTICULAR  6AFS3IiE-21:4 

FIBULAR  COLLATERAL  LIGAMENT-21: 13 


INFERIOR  EXTREMITY  121. 


TIBIAL  COLLATERAL  LIGAMENT -2 1:14 
OBLIQUE  POPLITEAL  LIGAMENT=2l:15 
ARCUATE  POPLITEAL  LIGAMENT-21: 16 
LIGAMENT  OF  THE  FATELT.A-21 :  18 
MEDIAL  PATELLAR  RET INACULUM-2 1:19 
LATERAL  PATELLAR  RETINACULUM-21:20 

The  following;  structures  may  "be  exposed  by  making  a  longitu- 
dinal xnczsion  on  either  side  of  the  patella  and  patellar 
ligament 3   dividing  the  quadriceps  extensor  muscle  about  8 
cm.  above  the  patella,  and  reflecting  the  patella  and  common 
extensor  tendon  dL? tally. 
PATELLAR  SYNOVIAL  F0LD-21:11 
DEEP  INFRAPATELLAR  BURSA-29:17      \ 
LATERAL  MENISCUS~21:5 
MEDIAL  MENISCUS-SI: 6 
TRANSVERSE  LIGAMENT  OF  THE  KNEE-21:7 
CRUCIATE  LIGAMENTS  OF  THE  KNEE-21:8 

ANTERIOR  CRUCIATE  LIGAMENT-21: 9 

POSTER 3IR  CRUCIATE  LIGAMENT-21:10 
SYNOVIAL  MEMBRANE-18:32 

b  .Ankle   jcint-2l:2_9 

ART  ICULAR  CAPSCLE-2 1 :  30 
DELTOID  LIGAMENT-21 : 3 1 

TIBIONAVICULAR  LIGAMENT-21 : 32 

CALCANEOT IEIAL  LIGAKENT-21 : 33 

ANTER I OR  TALOT IB IAL  LIGAMENT -2 1 : 34 

POSTERIOR  TALOT  IB  L4.L  LIGAMENT -21 :  35 
ANTERIOR  TALOFIBULAR  LIGAMENT-21: 36 
POSTER  TOR  TALOF IBULAR  LIGAMENT -21:37 
CALCANEOFIBULAR  LIGAMENT-21: 38 
SYNOVIAL  I/lFMBRANE-18 :  32 

CoTibiofibular   joints 

tlBIOFlEuLAl  ARTICULATI ON-2 1 : 2 1 

ARTICULAR  CA?SULE-21:22 

LIGAB3ENTS   OF   THE  HEAD  OF  THE  FIBULA-21:23 

INTEROSSEOUS  MEMBRANE-2 1 : 24 
TIBIOFIBULAR  SYNDESMCS 13-21 : 25 

ANTERIOR  LIGAMENT   OF  THE  LATERAL  MALLEOLUS -21: 26 

POSTERIOR  LIGAMENT  OF  THE  LITERAL  MALLEOLUS-21:27 

d.  Inter  tar  sal  Articulations~21 : 39 
TALOCALCANEAL  ARTlCULATI0N-2~l:41 

ARTICULAR  CA?SULE-2i:42 

LATERAL  TALOCALCANEAL  LIGAMENT -21:43 

MEDIAL  TALOCALCANEAL  LIGAMENT-21 :44 

ANTERIOR  TALOCALCANEAL  LIGAMENT-21: 45 

POSTERIOR  TALOCALCANEAL  LIGAMENT-21: 46 
TALOCALCANEONAVICULAR  ARTICULATION-21 :40 

DORSAL  TALONAVICULAR  LIGAMENT-21: 58 

ARTICULAR  CAPSULE   OF  THE  TALONAVICULAR  PART   OF  THE 

JOINT -21:49 

The  examination  of  the  articulation  may  be  completed 

by  severing  the  ligaments  holding  the  talus  in  place 

and  removing  the  talus. 

INTEROSSEOUS  TALOCALCANEAL  LIGAMENT-21: 54 


INFERIOR  EXTREMITY  122 


PLANTAR  CALCANEONAVICULAR  LIGAMENT-21: 70 

CALCANEONAVICULAR  PART   0?  THE  BIFURCATE  LIGAMENT-21: 62 

DORSAL  CALCANEONAVICULAR  LIGAMENT-21: 64 
CHOPART'S  TRANSVERSE  ARTICULATION  OF  THE  TARSUS-21:47 

TALONAVICULAR  ARTICULATION-21 :4S 

Note  that  this   is  a  part  of  the  talocalcaneonavicu- 
lar articulation;   attention  has  already  been  direct- 
ed to   its   articular   capsule   in  connection  with  the 
talocalcaneonavicular  articulation. 

CALCANEOCUBOID  ARTICULATION-21 : 50 
ARTICULAR  CAPSULE-2 1:51 
PLANTAR  CALCANEOCUBOID  LIGAMENT-21: 69 
LONG  PLANTAR  LIGAMENT-21: 67 

Not  confined  entirely  to  this  articulation. 
CUNEONAVICULAR  ART ICULAT ION-2 1 : 52 

DORSAL  NAVICULAR  CUNEIFORM  LIGAMENTS-21:65 

PLANTAR  NAVICULAR  CUNEIFORM  LIGAMENTS -22: 2 
LIGAMENTS  CONNECTING  THE  CUBOID,  NAVICULAR  AND  CUNEIFORM 
BOWES; 

DORSAL  CUBOIDEONAVICULAR   LIGAMENT-21: 60 

DORSAL  CUNEOCUBOIB  LIGAMENT-21: 59 

PLANTAR  CUBOIDEONAVICULAR   LIGAMENT-22:3 

PLANTAR  CUHE0CU30ID  LIGAMENT-22 :5 

PLANTAR   INTERCUNEIFORM  LIGAMENTS-22:4 

INTEROSSEOUS  CUNECCUBOID  LIGAMENT^  1:55 

INTEROSSEOUS   INTERCUNEIFORM  LIGAMENTS-21:56 

e« Tarsometatarsal  articulations-22:6 
ARTICULAR  CAFGULES"-22 .- 7 

DORSAL  TARSAMETATARSAL  LIGAMENTS-22  : 8 
PLANTAR   TARSOMETATARSAL  LIGAMENTS-22  : 9 
INTEROSSEOUS  CUNEOMETATARSAL  LIGAMENTS-22 : 10 

f * Int ermet atar ca I  articulations-22 : 11 
SRTl^UAATR~Clr?^F3 '22711  ~ 

DORSAL  LIGAMENTS   OF  THE  BASES   OF  THE  METATARSAL  BONES - 
22:14 

PLANTAR  LIGAMENTS   OF  THE  BASES   OF  THE  METATARSAL  B0NES-22.-15 
INTEROSSEOUS   LIGAMENTS   OF  THE  BASES  OF  THE  METATARSAL 
B0NES-22:1S 
INTEROSSEOUS   SPACES   OF  METATARSUS -22 : 16 

g  .Me tat ar  s  opha langea 1  articulations-22 :17 
ART  ICUIAR  CAPMCEo~-22:18 
COLLATERAL  LIGAMENTS-22  :  19 
PLANTAR  ACCESSORY  LIGAMENTS-22: 20 

TRANSVERSE  LIGAMENTS  OF  THE  HEADS  OF  THE  METATARSAL  BONES- 
22:21 

h. Articulations  of  the  toes-22:22 


ARTICULAR  CAPSULES-22.-23 
C  OLLATERAL  LIGAMENTS-22 : 24 


Part   Two 


SYSTEMATIC    ANATOMY 


Part  Two 
Systematic  Anatomy1 


1     N  0  M  I  H  A 


AHATOHICA 


2      T5RLZNI.    SITILi  ET  BTFECTIONEIVI  PARTIUrl  CORPORIS   INDICANTES, 


3     Termini      generales 


4 

Verti calls 

5 

Horis  ontalis 

6 

ivledianus 

7 

Sagittalis 

8 

Frontalis 

9 

Transversal is 

10 

Medialis 

11 

Intermedius 

IS 

Lateralis 

13 

Anterior 

14 

Mediu5 

15 

Posterior 

16 

Venbralis 

17 

Dorsalis 

18 

Intemus 

19 

Externus 

20 

Dexter 

21 

Sinister 

22  Longitudinalis 

23  Transve.-sus 

24  Cranialis 

25  Rostralisx 
25  Cavdalis 
2?  Superior 

28  Inferior 

29  Superficialis  £sublimisj: 

30  Profundus 


31  Termini  ad  extremitates  spectantes 


32  Proximalis 

33  Distalis 

34  Radialis 


35  Ulnaris 
3  5  Tibialis 
37  Fibularis 


1  The  following  arrangement  cf  terms  is  based  en  that  of  the  B  N  A  system 
as  published  by  His  in  the  Archiv  f^r  Anatomie  und  Entwicklungsgeschichte, 
Supplemental  Band,  1395. 

All  of  the  terms  have  been  left  in  their  original  Latin  form.  Certain  obvious 
errors  in  the  origins.!  lists  (cf.  also  Eycleshymer's  Anatomical  Names,  p.  2, 
1917)  have  been  corrected  as  follows: 


p. 

20, 

Nos  . 

34, 

V' 

23, 

Nos  . 

55, 

p. 

25, 

No. 

49 

p- 

29, 

No. 

4 

p- 

34, 

No  . 

65 

p- 

53, 

No. 

74, 

p* 

55, 

No. 

71 

p. 

63, 

No. 

65, 

35  corrected  to  read  Ligg.  instead  of  Lig. 
55,  57  corrected  to  read  MM.  instead 
n      "  ""  fSpogellJ     " 


of  M 


75, 


obturatoris 

fibrosa 

Vv. 


ob"ourat-orii 
fibrosus 
v  . 
Vv 


For  the  significance  of  brackets  and  asterisks  see  footnote,  Part  I,  page 
1.  The  prefixed  numerals  in  Part  II  merely  indicate  the  serial  position  cf 
each  term  for  cross  reference  purposes. 


GE22RAL  ANATOMICAL  TERMS 


l    terming:    generates 


2 

Accessories 

3 

Acinus 

4 

Aditus 

5 

Ala 

6 

Alvedus 

-7 

Ampulla 

8 

Angulus 

o 

Ansa 

10 

Antrum 

11 

Apertura 

-t 2 

Apex 

l  ° 

Appendix 

14 

Arc  us 

15 

Area 

16 

Easis 

17 

Bra.chium 

18 

Canaliculus 

19 

Canal is 

20 

Caps  ula 

21 

Caput 

22 

Capitulum 

23 

Cartilago 

24 

Caruncula 

25 

Cauda 

26 

Caverna 

27. 

Cavum 

28 

Cell 'ola 

2  9 

Circulus 

30 

Cisterna 

31 

Coll  urn 

32 

Columna 

33 

Commissura 

34 

Cornu 

35 

Corona 

68 

Geniculum 

36 

Corpus 

69 

Genu 

37 

Corpus culum 

70 

Gland ula 

38 

Crista 

71 

Glomerulus 

39 

Crus 

72 

Gl omus 

40 

Decussatio 

73 

Hilus 

41 

Dorsum 

74 

Humor 

42 

Ductulus 

75 

Junctura 

43 

Ductus 

76 

Impressio 

44 

Erninentia 

77 

Incisura 

45 

Endothelium 

78 

Infundibulum 

46 

Epithelium 

79 

Intestinum 

47 

Extremitas 

80 

Isthmus 

48 

Facies 

81 

Labium 

49 

Fascia 

82 

Lacuna 

50 

Fasciculus 

83 

Lamina 

51 

Fibra 

84 

Latus 

52 

Fibrocartilago 

85 

Li  gamentum 

53 

Filum 

86 

Linbus 

54 

Fissura 

87 

Limen 

55 

Flexura 

88 

Linsa 

56 

Folium 

89 

Liquor 

57 

Fell i cuius 

90 

Lobulus 

58 

Foramen 

91 

Lobus 

59 

Formatio 

92 

Macula 

60 

Fornix 

93 

Mar  go 

61 

F-ssa 

94 

Kassa 

62 

Fcssula 

95 

Meatus 

63 

Fovea 

96 

Medulla 

64 

Foveola 

97 

Membrana 

65 

Frenulum 

98 

Membrum 

66 

Fundus 

99 

Mucus 

67 

Funiculus 

100 

Musculus 

GENERAL  ANATOMICAL  TERMS 


1  Nervus 

2  Nodulus 

3  Nucleus 

4  Organon 

5  Orificium 

6  Os  £oris  j[ 

7  Os  Rossis} 

8  Ostium 

9  Papilla 

10  Parenchyma 

11  Paries 

12  Perichondrium 

13  Periosteum 

14  Plexus 

15  Plica 

16  Polus 

17  Processus 

18  Prominentia 

19  Punctum 

20  Radix 

21  Ramulus 

22  Ramus 

23  Raphe 

24  Recessus 


25  Regio 

26  Rete 

27  Rima 

28  Rundimentum 

29  Septulum 

30  Septum 

31  Sinus 

32  Spatium 

33  Spina 

34  Stratum 

35  Stria 
3  6  Stroma 

37  Substantia 

38  Succus 

39  Sulcus 

40  Taenia 

41  Tegmen 

42  Tela 

43  Tela  conjunctiva 

44  Tela  elastica 

45  Torus 

46  Trabecula 

47  Tractus 

48  Trigonum 


49  Trochlea 

50  Truncus 

51  Tuber 

52  Tuberculum 

53  Tubulus 

54  Tunica 

55  Tunica  propria 

56  Umbo 

57  Uvula 

58  Vagina 

59  Vallecula 

60  Vallum 

61  Valvula 
62;  Vas 

63  Ve?-um 

64  Vertex 

65  Vesica 

66  Vesicula 

67  Vestibulum 

68  Villus 

69  Viscus  [_visceraj. 

70  Vortex 

71  Zona 


1  PARTES  CORPORIS  HUMAN! 


4. 


2  Caput 

3  Solium 


4  Truncus 

5  Extremitates 


8 

Vetex 

9 

Sinciput 

10  Frons 

11 

Occiput 

16  OluIus 

17 

Paplebra  superior 

18 

Palpebra  inferior 

19 

Rica  palpebrarum 

20 

Bulb us  oculi 

21 

Supercilium 

22 

Sulcus  infrapalpebralis 

23  N  a  s  u  s 

24 

Dorsum  nasi 

25 

Apex  nasi 

26 

Ala  nasi 

6  CAPUT 

7  Cranium 


15     Facies 


12  Tempora 

13  Auris 

14  Auricula 


27     0  s 

28  Sulcus  nasolabialis 

29  Philtrum 

30  Labium  superius 

31  Labium  inferius 

32  Rica  oris 

33  Cavum  oris 

34  Lingua 
3  5  Fauces 

36  Bucca  Mala 

37  Sulcus  mentolabialis 

38  Ment-um 


40  Cervix 

41  Larynx 

42  Prominentia  laryngea 


47  Thorax 

48  Cavum  thoracis 

49  Pectus 

50  Mamma 

51     Papilla  marcnae 


56  Cavum  abdominis 

57  Scrobiculus  cordis 

58  Umbilicus 


39  COLLUM 


46  TRUNCUS 


55  Abdomen 


43  Pharynx 

44  Trachea 

45  Oesophagus 


52  Dorsum 

53  Columna  vertebralis 

54  Canalis  spinalis 


59  Latus 

60  Lumbus 

61  Inguen 


Parts  of  the  Human  Body 


5. 


1  Pe).vis 


2  Cavura  pelvis 

3  Mo ns  pubis 

4  Coxa  _ 

5  Kates    jClunesj 

9  EXTREMITAS 
10  Axilla 

11  Plica  axillaris  anterior 
Yt,     Plica  axillaris  posterior 

13  Acromion 

14  Brachium 

15  Facies  anterior 

16  Facies  posterior 

17  Facies  lateralis 
lb  Facies  medialis 

19  Sulcus  bicipitalis  lateralis 

20  Sulcus  bicipitalis  medialis 

21  Cubitus 

22  Antibrachium 

23  Facies  dorsalis 

24  Facies  volaris 

25  Margo  radialis 
2  6  Margo  ulnaris 


6     Anus 

7     Crena  ani 
8     Perineum 

SUPERIOR 

27     Manus 

28  Carpus 

29  Metacarpus 

30  Dorsum  manus 

31  Vola  manus     Palma 

32  Thenar 

33  Hypo  thenar 

34  Digit!  manus     __ 
3  5  Pollex  ("Digitus  1-3 

36  Index   £   n    II]         -. 

37  Digitus  medius   digitus  III} 

38  Digitus  annularis  T      n         IV  3 

39  Digitus  minimus   L   H     Vj 

40  Facies  dorsalee 

41  Facies  volares 

42  Margines  radiales 

43  Margines  ulnares 


44  EXTREMITAS  INFERIOR 
45  Femur 

46  Facies  anterior 

47  Facies  posterior 

48  Facies  lateralis 

49  Facies  medialis 

50  Sulcus  glutaeus 

51  Genu 

52  Poples 

53  Patella 
54  Crus 

55  Facies  anterior 

56  Facies  posterior 

57  Sura 

58  Malleolus  lateralis 

59  Malleolus  medialis 
60  Pes 


61  Tarsus 

62  Metatarsus 

63  Dorsum  pedis 

64  Planta 

65  Margo  pedis  lateralis 

66  Margo  pedis  medialis 

67  Calx 

68  Digiti  pedis 

69  Hallux  TDigitus  Ij 

70  Digiti  II-IV  ^ 

71  Digitus  minimus  [^Digitus  Vj 

72  Facies  dorsales 

73  Facies  plantares 

74  Margines  laterales 

75  Margines  mediales 


1     CS'IEOLOC-IA 


21 

22 
23 

24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 


Os  longum 

Os  breve 

Os  planum 

Os  pneumaticum 

Epiphysis 

Diaphysis 


8  Synchondrosis  epiphyseos* 

9  Apophysis 

10  Facies  articularis 

11  Substantia   compacta 

12  Substantia  corticalis 

13  Sybstantia   spongiosa 


14  Cavura  medullare 

15  Medulla  ossiura 

16  Medulla  oesiun  flav-; 

17  Medulla  ossiuna  rubra 

18  Foramen  nutricium 

19  Canalis   nutricius 


21  COLUMNA 
Vertebrae  cervicales 
Vertebrae  thoracaies 
Vertebrae  lumbales 
Vertebrae  sacralas 
Vertebrae  coccygeae 
Corpus  vertebrae 
Fovea  costal is  superior 
Fovea  costalis  inferior 
Canalis  vertebralis 
Foramen  vertebrale 
Arcus  vertebrae 
Radix  arcus  vertebrae 
Incisura  vertebralis  superior 
Incisura  vertebralis  inferior 
Foramen  intervertebrale 
Sulcus  n.  spinalis 
Processus  spinosus 
Vertebra  prominens 
Processus  transversus 
Fovea  costalis  transversalis 
Tuberculum  anterius  jrvertebrarum 
cervicaliunfj 


VERTEBRALIS  f 

42  Tuberculum  caroticum  (.vertebrae 

cervical is  VlJ 

43  Foramen  transversarium 

44  Tuberculum  postsrius  jvertebraruza 

cervicaiiurjj 

45  Processus  articulares  superiores 

46  Facies  articulares  superiores 

47  Processus  articulares  inferiores 

48  Facies  articulares  inferiores 

49  Processus  costarius 

50  Processus  accessorius  |^vertebrarum 
lumbaliumj 

Processus  iiammillaris 


51 


53 

54 
55 
56 
57 
58 
59 
60 
61 


52  Atlas 
Massa  lateralis 
Arcus  anterior 
Tuberculum  anterius 
Foveae  articulares  superiores 
Facies  articulares  inferiores 
Favea  dentis 
Fovea  posterior 
Sulcus  arteriae  vertebralis 
Tuberculum  posterius 


Osteology 


1  Epistropheus 

2 

Dens 

39 

3 

Facies  articularis 

anterior 

40 

4 

Facies  articularis 

posterior 

41 

42 

5  0s  sacrum 

43 

6. 

Facies  dorsalis 

44 

7 

Facies  pelvina 

45 

S 

Basis  osg.  sacri 

9 

Processus  articularis  superior 

10 

Promontorium 

47 

11 

Pars  lateralis 

48 

12 

Facies  auricularis 

49 

13 

Tuberositas  sacral: 

Ls 

50 

14 

Foramina  interverti 

jbralia 

51 

15 

Foramina  sacralia  ! 

interiora 

52 

16 

Lineae  transversae 

53 

17 

Foramina  sacralia  i 

posteriora 

54 

18 

Crista  sacralis  media 

55 

19 

Cristae  sacrales  laterales 

56 

20 

Cristas  sacrales  articulares 

21 

Cornua  sacralia 

22 

Canalis  sacralis 

58 

23 

Hiatus  sacralis 

59 

24 

Apex  oss.  sacri 

60 
61 

25  Os  coccy^is 

62 

26 

29 
30 

Cornua  coccygea 

27  THORAX 

28  gestae 
Costae  verae 
Costae  spuriae 

63 

64 

31 

Os  costale 

68 

32 

Cartilago  costalis 

69 

33 

Capitulum  costae 

70 

34 

Facies  articularis 

capituli  costae 

71 

35 

Crista  capituli 

72 

36 

Corpus  costae 

73 

37 

Tuberculum  costae 

74 

38 

Facies  articularis 

tuberculi  costae 

75 

Collum  costae 

Crista  colli  costae 
ti  Angulus  costae     »       -». 
42  Tuberculum  scaleni  {jL.isfrancij 

Sulcus  subclaviae 

Tuberositas  costae  II 

Sulcus  costae 

46  Sternum 
Manubrium  sterni 
Angulus  sterni 
Synchondrosis  sternalis 
Corpus  sterni 
Planum  sternaie 
Processus  xiphoideus 
Incisura  clavicularis 
Incisura  jugularis 
Incisurae  costales 
(Ossa  suprasternalis} 

57  Thorax 
Cavum  thoracis 
Apertura  thoracis  superior 
Apertura  thoracis  inferior 
Arc us  costarum 
Spatia  intercostalia 
Angulus  infrasternalis 
Sulcus  pulmonalis 

65  OSSA  CRANII 

66  Os  basilare 

67  Os  occipitale 
Foramen  occipitale  magnum 
Pars  basilaris 
Sulcus  petrosus  inferior 
Pars  lateralis 
Squama  occipitalis 
Margo  mastoideus 
Mar go  lambdoideus 
(Os  interparietale) 


Osteology 


1  Clivus 

2  Tuberculum  pharyngeum 

3  Condylus  occipitalis 

4  Canalis  condyloideus 

5  Canalis  hypoglossi 

6  Tuberculum  jugulare 

7  Incisura  jugularis 

8  Processus  jugularis 

9  Fossa  condyloidea 

10  Processus  intra jugularis 

11  Planum  occipitale 

12  Planum  nuchalc 

13  Protuberantia  occipitalis  externa 

14  (Torus  occipitalis) 

15  Crista  occipitalis  externa 

16  Linea  nuchae  suprema 

17  Linea  nuchae  superior 

18  Linea  nuchae  inferior 

19  iiinentia  cruciata 

20  Protuberan+.ia  occipitalis  interna 

21  Sulcus  sagittalis 

22  Sulcus  transversus 

23  (Processus  paramastoideus) 

24  Os  sphenoidale 

25  Corpus 

26  Sella  turcica 

27  Fossa  hypophyseos 

28  Dorsum  sellae 

29  Tuberculum  sellae  . 

30  Processus  clinoideus  medius 

31  Processus  clinoideus  posterior 

32  Sulcus  caroticus 

33  Lingula  sphenoidalis 

34  Crista  sphenoidalis 

35  Rostrum  sphenoidale 
35  Sinus  sphenoidalis 

37  Septum  sinuum  sphenoidalium 

38  Apertura  sinus  sphenoidalis 

39  Conchae  sphenoidales 

40  Clivus 

41  Ala     parva 

42  Sulcus  Ci:iasmatis 


43  Foramen  opticum 

44  Processus   clinoideus  anterior 

45  Fissura  orbitalis  superior 

46  Ala     magna 

47  Facies  cerebralis 

48  Facies  temporalis 

49  Facies  sphenomaxillaris 

50  Facies  orbttalis 

51  Margo  zygomaticus 

52  Margo  frontalis 

53  Angulus  parietalis 

54  Margo  squamosus 

55  Crista  infratemporalis 

56  Foramen  rotundum 

57  Foramen  ovale 


58 


'orame-n  spmosum 


59  Spina  angularis 

60  Processus 

pterygoideus 

61  Lamina  lateralis  processus 

pterygoidei 

62  Lamina  medialis  processus 

pterygoidei 

63  Fissura  pterygoidea 

64  Fossa  scaphoidea 

65  Processus  vaginalis 

66  Hamulus  pterygoideus 

67  Sulcus  hamuli  pterygoidei 

68  Fossa  pterygoidea         ^ 

69  Canalis  pterygoideus  fVidiiJ 

70  Canalis  pharyngeus 

71  Canalis  basipharyngeus 

72  Sulcus  tubae  auditivae 

73  Sulcus  f-terygopalatinus 

74  (Processus  pterygospinosus 

rCivininil ) 

75  Os  Temporale 

76  Pars     mastoidea 

77  Margo  occipits.lis 

78  Processus  mastoideus 

79  Incisura  mastoidea 

80  Sulcus  sigmoideus 


Osteology 


1  Sulcus  a.  occipitalis 

2  Foramen  raastoideum  . 

3  Pars      petrosa  fpyramisj 

4  Facies  anterior  pyramidis 

5  Facies  posterior  pyramidis 

6  Facies  inferior  pyramidis 

7  Apex  pyramidis 

8  Angulus  superior  pyramidis 

9  Angulus  anterior  pyramidis 

10  Angulus  posterior  pyramidis 

11  Sulcus  petrosus  superior 

12  Tegmen  tympani 

13  Eminent ia  arcuata 

14  Canalis  facialis  Failoppii 

15  Hiatus  canalis  facialis 

16  Geniculum  canalis  facialis 

17  Sulcus  n,  petrosi  superficialis  majoris 

18  Sulcus  n.  petrosi  superficialis  minoris 

19  Impressio  trigemini 

20  Porus  acusticus  internus 

21  Meatus  acusticus  internus 

22  Fossa  subarcuata 

23  Aquaeductus  vestibuli 

24  Apertura  externa  aquaeductus  vestibuli 

25  Sulcus  petrosus  inferior 

26  Incisura  jugularis 

27  Processus  intra jugularis 

28  Fossa  jugularis 

29  Canaliculus  mastoideus 

30  Sulcus  canaliculi  mastoidei 

31  Processus  styloideus 

32  Vagina  processus  styloidei 

33  Foramen  stylomastoideum 

34  Fossula  petrosa 

35  Canaliculus  tympanic us 

36  Sulcus  tympanicus 

37  Apertura  inferior  canaliculi  tympanici 

38  Apertura  superior  canaliculi  tympanici 

39  Canaliculus  cochleae 

40  Apertura  externa  canaliculi  cochleae 


41  Canalis  caroticus 

42  Canaliculi  caroticotympanic! 

43  Canalis  musculotubarius 

44  Semicanalis  m.  tensoris  tympani 

45  Semicanalis  tubae  auditivae 

46  Septum  canalis  musculotubarii 

47  Cavum  tympani  (v.  Organon 

audit us) 

48  Canaliculus  chordae  tympani 

49  Fissura  petrotympanica  (Glaseri 

50  Fissura  petrosquamosa 

51  Pars  tympanica 

52  Annul us  tympanicusx 

53  Meatus  acusticus  externus 

54  (Spina  supra  meatum) 

55  Fissura  tympanomastoidea 

56  Spina  tympanica  major 

57  Spina  tympanica  minor 

58  Porus  acusticus  externus 

59  Squama  temporalis 

60  Margo  parietalis 

61  Incisura  parietalis 

62  Margo  sphenoidalis 

63  Facies  temporalis 

64  Processus  zygomaticus 

65  Fossa  mandibularis 

66  Facies  articularis 

67  Tuberculum  articulare 

68  Facies  cerebralis 

69  Sulcus  a.  temporalis  mediae 

70  Os  parietale 

71  Facies  cerebralis 

72  Facies  parietalis 

73  Margo  occipitalis 

74  Margo  squamosus 

75  Margo  frontalis 

76  Margo  sagittalis 

77  Angulus  frontalis 

78  Angulus  occipitalis 

79  Angulus  sphenoidalis 

80  Angulus  mastoideus 

81  Foramen  parietale 


OSTEOLOGY 


10. 


1  Tuber  parietale 

2  Linea  "temporalis  inferior 

3  Linea  temporalis  superior 

4  Sulcus  sagittalis 

5  Sulcus  transversus 


7 

S 
o 

10 
II 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 


37 

38 
39 
40 


6  Os  frontale 
Squama  frontalis 
Facies  frontalis 
Mar  go  supra orbitalis 
Pars  orbitalis 
Incisura  ethmoidal is 
Pars  nasalis 
St,ina  frontalis 
Margo  nasalis 
Mar go  parie talis 
Processus  zygomaticus 
Facies  temporalis 
Linea  temporalis 
Tuber  frontale 
Arcus  superciliaris 
Glabella 

Foramen  sive  Incisura  supraorbital^ 
Incisura  sive  Foramen  frontale 
Facies  orbitalis 
(Spina  trochlearis) 
Fovea  trochlearis 
Foramen  ethmoidale  anterius 
Foramen  ethmoidale  posterius 
Fossa  gland ulae  lacrimalis 
Facies  cerebralis 
Crista  frontalis 
Sulcus  sagittalis 
Foramen  caecum 
Sinus  frontalis 
Septum  sinuura  frontalium 

36  Os  ethmoidale 


Lamina  cribrosa 
Crista  galli 
Processus  alaris 
Lamina  perpendicularis 


41  Labyrinthus  ethmoidalis 

42  Cellulae  ethmoidales 

43  Infundibulum  ethmoidale 

44  Hiatus  semilunaris 

45  Bulla  ethmoidalis 

46  Lamina  papyracea 

47  Foramina  ethmoidalia 

48  (Concha  nasalis  suprema) 

49  Concha  nasalis  superior 

50  Concha  nasalis  media 

51  Processus  uncinatus 

52      Concha  nasalis   inferior 

53  Processus  lacrimalis 

54  Processus  maxillaris 

55  Processus  ethmoidalis 

56  Os  lacrimale 

57  Crista  lacrimalis  posterior 

58  Sulcus  lacrimalis 

59  Hamulus  lacrimalis 

60  Fossa  sacci  lacrimalis 

61  Os  Ha  sale 

62  Foramina  nasalia 

63  Sulcus  ethmoidalis 


64  Vomer 

65 

Ala  vomeris 

66  OSSA  FACIEI 

67  Maxilla 

68  Corpus  maxillae 

69  Facies  anterior 

70  Facies  nasalis 

71  Facies  orbitalis 

72  Facies  infratemporalis 

73  Sinus  maxillaris 

74  IvSargo  infraorbitalis 

75  Canalis  infraorbitalis 

76  Sulcus  infraorbitalis 

77  Foramen  infra orbitale 

78  Sutura  infraorbitalis 

79  Fossa  canina 


OSTEOLOGY 


11. 


10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 


32 
33 

34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 


(Fossa  praenasalis) 
Incisura  nasalis 
T-\  ~r  :  ?x?  17  r.r? 
j>  oramina  alve  olaria 
Canales  alveolares 
Planum  ortitale 
Large  lacrimalis 
Sulcus  lacrinalis 
Canal  is  na  s  o  la  c  rima  lis 
Crista  conchalis 
Processus  frontalis 
Crista  laerimalis  anterior 
Incisura  laerimalis 
Crista  ethmoidalis 
Processus  zygomaticus 
Processus  palatinus 
Crista  nasalis 
Spina  nasalis  anterior 
rOs  incisivumx 
Canalis  incisivus 
Sutura  incisiva 
Spinae  palatinae 
Sulci  palatini 
Processus  alveolaris 
Limbus  alveolaris 
Alveoli  dentales 
Septa  interalveolaria 
Juga  alve olaria 
Hiatus  ^axillaris 
Foramen  incisivum 


3i   Os  palatinum 
r  s  per 


P  a 

Facies  nasalis 
Facie s  maxillaris 
Incisura  spnenopalatina 
Sulcus  pterygopalatine 
Processus  pyramidalis 
Foramen  palatinum  ma jus 
Foramina  palatina  minora 
Canal es  palatini 
Crista  conchalis 
Crista  ethmoidalis 


ndicularis 


43  Processus  orbitalis 

44  Processus  sphenoidalis 

45  Pars  norizontalis 

46  Facies  nasalis 

47  Facies  palatina 

48  Spina  nasalis  posterior 

49  Crista  nasalis 

50  Qs  zveomaticum 

51  Facies  malaris 

52  Facies  temporalis 

53  Facies  orbitalis 

54  Processus  temporalis 

55  Processus  frontosphenoidali6 

56  (Processus  marginalis) 

57  Foramen  zygematicoorbitale 

58  Foramen  zygomaticofacial 

59  Foramen  zygomaticotemporale 

60  Mardibula 

61  Corpus  mandibulae 

62  Basis  mandibulae 

63  Protuberantia  mentalis 

64  Tubsrculum  mentals 

65  Spina  mentalis 

66  Foramen  mentale 

67  Linea  obliqua 

68  Fossa  dig'.strica 

69  Linea  mylohyoidea 

70  Sulcus  mylohyoidetis 

71  Juga  alve olaria 

72  Ramus  mandibulae 

73  Angulus  mandibulae 

74  (Tuberositas  masseterica) 

75  (Tuberositas  pterygoidea) 

76  (Crista  buccinatoria) 

77  Incisura  mandibulae 

78  Processus  condyloideus 

79  Capitulum  prnc.  condyl. 

mandibulae 

80  Collum  proc.  condyloidei 

■  Eandibulae 

81  Fovea  pterygoidea  proc. 

condyloidei 

82  Processus  coronoideus 


OSTEOLOGY 


12. 


Foramen  mandibulare 
Lingula  mandibulae 
Canalis  mandibulae 
Fovea  sublingualis 

(Fovea  submaxillaris) 
Pars  alve olaris 
Limbus  alve olaris 
Alveoli  dentales 
Septa  interalveolaria 


10  Os  hyoideum 

11"  Corpus  oss.  hyoidei 

12  Cornu  minus 

13  Cornu  ma  jus 

14  CRANIUM 

15  Calvaria 

15  Pericranium 

17  Lamina  externa 

18  Diploe  -       -1  ■ 

19  Canales  diploid  ]_Brescheti1 

20  Lamina  interna 

21  Facies  fosseaj 

22  Cranium  cerebrale 

23  Cranium  viscerale 

24  Vertex 

25  Frons 

26  Occiput 

27  Basis  cranii  interna 

28  Basis  cranii  externa 

29  Fossa  cranii  anterior 

30  Fossa  cranii  media 

31  Fossa  cranii  posterior 

32  Juga  ceretralia 

33  Inpressiones  digitatae 

34  Sulci  v»nosi 

35  Sulci  arturiosi 

3  6  (Foveoj.ae    granulares  ^PacchioniJ) 

37  (Oesa  suturarum) 

38  Planum  temporale 

39  Fossa  temporalis 

40  Arcus  zygomatic us 

41  Fossa  infratemporalis 


42  Fossa  pterygopalatine 

43  Canalis  pterygopalatine 

44  Foramen  spine  nopalatinum 

45  Apertura  piriformis 

46  Cavum  nasi 

47  Septum  nasi  osseum 

48  Meatus  nasi  communis 

49  Meatus  nasi  superior 

50  Meatus  nasi  niedius 

51  Meatus  nasi  inferior 

52  Meatus  nasopharyngeus 

53  Choanae 

54  Recci)£us  sphenoethmoidalis 

55  Foramen  jugulare 

56  Fissura  sphenopetrosa 

57  Fissura  petro occipitalis 

58  Fissura  sphenooccipitalis 

59  Foramen  lace rum 

60  Fibrocartiiago  basalis 

61  Palatum  durum 

62  (Torus  palatinus) 

63  Orbita 

64  Aditus  orbitae 

65  Marge  supraorbitalis 

66  Margo  inf raorbitalis 

67  Paries  superior 

68  Paries  inferior 

69  Paries  lateralis 

70  Paries  medialis 

71  Fissura  orbitalis  superior 

72  Fissura  orbitalis  inferior 


73 

74  Sutura 

75  Sutura 

76  Sutura 

77  Sutura 

78  Sutura 

79  Sutura 

80  Sutura 

81  Sutura 

82  Sutura 


Sutura e  cranii 

coronalis 

sagittalis 

lambdoidea 

occipitomastoidea 

spher.o  frontalis 

sphenoorbitalis 

sphenoethmoidalis 

sphenosquamosa 

sphenoparietalis 


OSTD  DLiGirj 


13. 


1  Sutura  squamosa  40 

2  (Sutura  frontalis)  41 

3  Sutura  parietomastoidea  42 

4  (Sutura  squamosomastoidea)  43 

5  Sutura  nasofrontalis  44 

6  Sutura  frontoethmoidalis  45 

7  Sutura  f rontomaxillaris  46 

8  Sutura  frontolacrimalis  47 
Sutura  zygomaticofrontalis  48 
Sutura  zygoma tic omaxillar is  49 
Sutura  ethinoideomaxillaris  50 
Sutura  sphenozygomatica  51 
(Sutura  sphenoiraxillaris)  52 
Sutura  zygomaticotemporalis  53 
Sutura  internasalis  54 
Sutura  nasomaxillaris  55 
Sutura  lacrimorcaxillaris  55 
Sutura  lacrimoconchalis  57 
Sutura  intermaxiilaris  58 
Sutura  palatomaxillaris 
Sutura  palatoethmoidalis 

Sutura  palatina  mediana  60 

Sutura  palatina  transversa  61 

62 

24  Synchondroses  cranii  63 

Synchondrosis  sphenooccipitalis  64 

Synchondrosis  sphenopetrosa  65 

Synchondrosis  sphenopetrosa  66 
Synchondrosis  intraoccipitalis  posterior* 
Synchondrosis  intraoccipitalis  anterior* 

Synchondrosis  int3r?phenoidaiiox  68 

Fonticulus  frontalis  major  x  69 

Fonticulus  occipitalis  minor  x  70 

Fonticulus  mastoideusx  71 

^■snticulus  sphenoidalisx  72 

73 

35  OSSA  EXTREMITATIS  SUPERIORIS  74 

36     Cingulum     extreraitatis     75 

superiori9  76 


Fossa  subscapulars 

Facies   dorsalis 

Sp5ns   scapulae 

Fossa  supraspinata 

Fossa  infraspinata 

Acromion 

Facies  articularis  acromii 

Margo  vertebralis 

Margo  axillaris 

Margo  superior 

Angulus  inferior 

Angulus  lateralis 

Angulus  medialis 

Cavitas  glenoidalis 

Collum  scapulae 

Tuberositas  infraglenoidalis 

Tuberositas  supraglenoidalis 

Incisura  scapulae 

Processus  coracoideus 

59  Clavicula 
Sxtremitas  sternalis 
Facies  articularis  sternalis 
Tuberositas  costalis 
Extremitas  acromialis 
Facies  articularis  acromialis 
Tuberositas  coracoidea 
Skeleton  extremi- 

tatis  perioris 

1  i  b  e  r  a  e 
Caput  humeri 
Collum  anatomicum 
Collum  chirurgicum 
Tuberculum  ma jus 
Tuberculum  minus 
Sulcus  intertubercularis 
Crista  tuberculi  majori3 
Crista  tuberculi  minoris 
Corpus  humeri 


37   Scapula 

38  Facies  costalis 

39  Lineae  musculares 


OSTEOLOGY 


14. 


1  Facies  anterior  medialis 

2  Facies  anterior  lateralis 

3  Facies  posterior 

4  Mar go  medialis 

5  Mar go  lateralis 

6  Tuberositas  deltoidea 

7  Sulcus  n.  radialis 

8  Sulcus  n.  ulnaris 

9  Capitulum  humeri 

10  Trochlea  humeri 

11  Epicondylus  medialis 

12  Epicondylus  lateralis 

13  Fossa  olecrani 

14  Fossa  coronoidea 

15  Fossa  radialis 

16  (Processus  supracondyloideus) 

47  Radius 


18  Corpus  radii 

19  Capitulum  radii 

20  Fovea  capituli  radii 

21  Cell urn  radii 

22  Circumferentia  articularis 

23  Tuberositas  radii 

24  Crista  interossea 

25  Facies  dorsalis 

26  Facies  volaris 

27  Facies  lateralis 

28  Margo  dorsalis 

29  Margo  volaris 

30  Processus  styloideus 

31  Incisura  ulnaris  . 

32  Facies  articularis  carpea 

33  Ulna 

34  Corpus  ulnea 

35  Olecranon 

36  Processus  coronoideus 

37  Tuberositas  ulnae 

38  Incisura  semilunaris 

39  Incisura  radialis 


AC  Crista  interossea 

41  Facies  dorsalis 

42  Facies  volaris 

43  Facies  mer'ialis 

44  Margo  dorsalis 

45  Margo  volaris 

46  Crista  m.  supinatoris 

47  Capitulum  ulnae 

48  Circumferentia  articularis 

49  Processus  styloideus 

50     Carpus 

51  Ossa     carpi 

52  (Os   centrale) 

53  Os   naviculars   nanus 

''■'■         54  Tuberculum  oss.  navicularis 

55  Os  lunatum 

56  Os  triquetrum 

57  Os  pisiforme 

58  Os  multanguluijrmajus 

59  Tuberculum  oss.  multang. 
ma j oris 

60  Os  multangulum  minus 

61  Os  capitatum 

62  Os  hamatum 

63  Hamulus  oss.  hamati 

64  Eminentia  carpi  radialis 

65  Eminentia  carpi  ulnaris 

66  Sulcus  carpi 

67  Metacarpus 
68  Ossa  metacarpalia  I— V 

69  Basis 

70  Corpus 

71  Capitulum 

72  Os  metacarpal e  III 

73  Processus  styloideus 

74  Phalanges  digitorum  nanus 

75  Phalanx  prima 

76  Phalanx  secunda 

77  Phalanx  tertia 

78  Basis  phalangis 


OSTEOLOGY 


15, 


1  Corpus  phalangis 

2  Trecnlea  phalangis 

3  Tuberositas  unguicularis 

4  Ossa  sesamoidea 

5     OSSA  EXTREMITATIS  INFERIORIS 
6.  Cingulura     extremit 
infarioris 

7  Os  coxae 
Foramen  obturatum 
Acetabulum 
Fossa  acetabuli 
Incisura  acetabuli 
Facies  lunata 
Sulci  paraglenoidales 

14  Os  ilium 
Corpus  oss.  illuhi 
Ail  os?.  'Ixun 
Linea  arcuata 
Crista  iliaca 

19  Labium  extrenum 

20  Linea  intermedia 

21  Labium  internum 
Spina  iliaca  anterior  superior 
Spina  iliac  anterior  inferior 
Spina  iliaca  posterior  superior 
Spina  iliaca  posterior  inferior 
Linea  glutaea  anterior 
Linea  glutaea  posterior 
Linea  glutaea  inferior 
Facies  auricularis 
Tuberositas  iliaca 
Fossa  iliaca 

32   Os  ischii 
Corpus  oss.  ischii 
Ramus  superior  oss.  ischii 
Ramus  inferior  oss .  ischii 
Tuber  ischiadicum 
Spina  ischiadica 


38  Incisura  ischiadica  major 

39  Incisura  iscniadica  minor 

40  Cs  pubis 

41  Corpus  oss.  pubis 

42  Pecten  oss.  pubis 

t  i  s  43  Eminentia  iliopectinea 

44  Tuberculum  pubicum 

45  Crista  obturatoria 

46  Sulcus  obturatorius 

47  Tuberculum  obturatorium  anterius 

48  (Tuberculum  obturatorium 

posterius) 

49  Ramus  inferior  oss.  pubis 

50  Ramus  superior  oss .  pubis 

51  Facies  symphyseoa 

52  Pelvis 

53  Symphysis  ossium  pubis 

54  Arc us  pubis 

55  Angulus  pubis 

56  Pelvis  major 

57  Pelvis  minor 

58  Linea  terminalis 

59  Pars  sacralis 

60  Pars  iliaca 

61  Pars  pubica 

62  Apertura  pelvis  £minoris"3  superior 

63  Apertura  pelvis  £ioinoris}  inferior 

64  Axis  pelvis 

65  Conjugata 

66  Diameter  transversa 

67  Diameter   obi i qua 

68  Inclinatio  pelvis 

69  Skeleton     extremi- 

tatis     inferioris 
1  i  b  e  r  a  e 

70     Femur 

71  Caput  femoris 

72  Fovea  capitis  femoris 

73  Collura  femoris 


OSTEOLOGY 


16. 


1  Gorpvi3  femoris 

2  Trochanter  major 

3  Fossa  trochanterica 

4  Trochanter  minor 

5  (Trochanter  tertius) 

6  Linea  intertrochanterica 

7  Crista  intertrochanterica 
S  Linea  aspera 

9  Labium  laterals 

10  Labium  mediale 
Linea  pectinea 
Tuberositas  glutaea 
Fossa  intercondyloidea 
Linea  intercondyloidea 
Planum  popliteum 

Condylus  medialis 
Condylus  lateralis 
Facies  patellaris  1 
Epicond'luc  lateralis 
Epicondylus  medialis 

21  Tibia 
Facies  articularis  superior 
Corpus  tibiae 
Condylus  medialis 
Condylus  lateralis 
Fossa  intercondyloidea  anterior 
Fossa  intercondyloidea  posterior 
Eminentia  intercondyloidea 
Tuberculum  intercondyloideum  mediale 
Tuberculura  intercondyloideum  laterals 
Margo  infraglenoidalis 
Tuberositas  tibiae 
Facies  iredialis 
Facies  posterior 
Facies  lateralis 
Margo  medialis 
Crista  anterior 
Crista  interossea 


39  Linea  poplitea 

-'•C  Malleolus  medialis 

41  Incisura  fibularis 

42  Sulcus  malleolaris 

43  Facies  articularis  inferior 

44  Facies  articularis  malleolaris 

45  Fibula 

46  Corpus  fibulae 

47  Crista  interossea 

48  Crista  anterior 

49  Crista  lateralis 

50  Crista  medialis 

51  Facies  medialis 

52  Facies  lateralis 

53  Facias  posterior 

54  Capitulum  fibulae 

55  Facies  articularis  capituli 

56  Apex  CB.pituli  fibulae 

57  Malleolus  lateralis 

58  Facies  articularis  malleoli 

59  Patella 

60  Basis  patellae 

61  Apex  patellae 

62  Facies  articularis 


64  0 


66 
67 
68 
69 


73 
74 
75 


63 
s  s  a 


Tarsus 
tarsi 


65  Talus 


Caput  tali 
Corpus  tali 
Collum  tali 
Trochlea  tali 

70  Facies  superior 

71  Facies  malleolaris  medialis 

72  Facies  malleolaris  lateralis 
Sulcus  tali 

Processus  lateralis  tali 
Facies  articularis  calcanea 
posterior 


Osteology 


17. 


1  Facies  articularis  calcanea  media 

2  Sulcus  m»  flexoris  hallucis  longi 

3  Facies  articularis  navicularis 

4  Facies  articularis  calcanea  anterior 

5  Processus  posterior  tali 

6  (Os  trigonun) 

7  Calcaneus 
3  Corpus  calcanei 
9  Tuber  calcanei 

10  Processus  medialis  tuberis 

calcanei 

11  Processus  lateralis  tuberis 

calcanei 

12  Sustentaculum  tali 

13  Sulcus  m.  flexoris  nallucis  long! 

14  Sulcus  calcanei 

15  Sinus  tarsi 

16  Facies  articularis  anterior 

17  Facies  articularis  media 

18  Facies  articularis  posterior 

19  Sulcus  m.  peronaei 

20  (Processus  trochlearis) 

21  Facies  articularis  cuboidea 


24  Qs  cuneiforme  primum 
2  5  Qs  cuneiforme  sec  mid urn 
26  Qs  cuneiforme  tertium 
27  Os  cuboideum 

28  Sulcus  m.  peronaei 

29  Tuberositas  oss.  cuboidei 


31 


35 
36 


38 
39 

40 


4d 
44 
45 


30  Metatarsus 
Ossa  metatarsalis  I— V 

32  Basis 

33  Corpus 

34  Capitulum 
Tuberositas  oss.  metatarsalis 
Tuberositas  oss.  metatarsalis 


37  Phalanges  digit or urn  pedis 
Phalanx  prims. 
Ehalanx  secunda 
Phalanx  tertia 

41  Tuberositas  unguicularis 
Basis  phalangis 
Corpus  phalangis 
Trochlea  phalangis 
Ossa  sesamoidea 


22  Os  naviculare  pedis 
23  Tuberositas  oss.  navicularis 
23  Tuberositas  oss. 


1  SYNHESMOLQGIA 


18. 


11 


24 
25 
2  6 
2? 
23 
29 
30 


Junctura  ossium 
Synarthrosis 

4  Sutura 

5  Sutura  serrata 

6  Sutura  squamosa 

7  Harmonia 

5  Gomphosis 

9  Synchondrosis 
10  Symphysis 
Diarthrosis 

12  Articulatio 

13  Articulatio  simplex 

14  Articulatio  composita 

15  Arthredia 

16  Articulatio  sphaeroidea 

17  Enarthrosis 

18  Ginglymus 

19  Articulatio  cochlearis 

20  Articulatio  ellipscidea 

21  Articulatio  trochoidea 

22  Articulatio  sellaris 

23  Amphiarthrosis 
Syndesmosis 
Cartilago  articularis 
Cavum  articulare 
Discur.  ^.rtitui^i-e 
Labrum  glenoiaale 
Meniscus  articularis 
Cacsula  articularis 


31  Stratum  fibrosum 

32  Stratum  synoviale 

33  Plica  svnovialis 

34  Villi  synoviales 

35  Synovia 


36 


LIGAMSNTA  COLUMNAE  VERTEBRALIS 
ET  CRANII 

Fibrocartilagines  intervertebrales 

Annulus  fibrosus 

Nucleus  pulposus 

Ligg.  flava 

Capsulae  articulares 

Ligg.  intertransversaria 

Ligg.  interspinalia 

Lig.  supraspinale 
45.  Lig.  nuchae 
46  Lig.  longitudinale  anterius 

Lig.  longitudinale  posterius 

Symphysis  sacrococcygea 

Lig.  sacrococcygeum  posterius 
superficiale 

Lig.  sacrococcygeum  posterius 
profundum 

Lig.  sacrococcygeum  anterius 

Lig.  sacrococcygeum  laterale 

Lig.  pterygospinosum 

Lig.  stylohyoideum 


37 

38 
39 

40 
41 
42 
43 

44 


47 

46 
49 

50 

51 
52 
53 
54 


syinss^GLOGY 


19. 


1  ARTICULATIO  ATUNTGOCCIPITALIS 

2  Capsulae  articulares 

3  Membrane,  a tlanto occipitalis  anterior 

4  Membrana  atlantooccipitalis  posterior 

5  ARTICULATIO  ATIANT03PISTR0PHTCA 

6  Capsulae  articulares 

7  Ligg.  alaria 

8  Lag.  apicis  dentis 

9  Lig.  transversum  atlantis 

10  Lig.  cruciatum  atlantis 

11  Ifembrana  tectoria 

12     ARTICULATIONS   COSTOl'ERTEBRALES 

13     ARTICULATIONS   CAPITULORUM 

14  Capsulae  articulares 

15  Lig.  capituli  costae  ra-diatum 

16  Lig.  capituli  costae  interarticulare 

17  ARTICULATIO! SS  COSTOTRAIISVERSA- 
RIAE 
IS  Cepsulae  articulares 

19  Lig.  tuberculi  costae 

20  Lig.  colli  costae 

21  Lig.  costotransversariuin  anterius 

22  Lig.  codtotransversarium  posterius 

23  Lig.  lumbocostale 

24  Foramen  costotransversariuin 

25  ARTICULATIOKSS  STERN0C0STAL3S 

2  6  Capsulae  articulares 

27  Lig.  sternocostale  interarticulare 

28  Ligg.  sternocostalis  radiata 

29  Membrana  sterni 

30  Ligg  costoxipnoidea 

31  Ligg.  intercostalia 

32  Ligg.  Intercostalia  externa 

33  Ligg.  intercostalia  interna 
34  Articulationes  interchondrales 


35  ARTICULATIO  MANDIBULARS 

36  Capsula  articularis 

37  Discus  articularis 

38  Lig.  temporomandibulare 
3  9  Lig.  cphenomandibulare 
40  Lig.  stylomandibulare 

41  LIGG.  CIHGULI  EXTREMITATIS 
SUPERIORIS 

42  Lig.  coracoacromiale 

43  Lig.  transversum  scapulae  superius 

44  Lig.  transversum  scapulae  inferius 

45  ARTICULATIO  ACROMIOCLAVTCULARIS 

46  Capsula  articularis 

47  Lig.  acromioclaviculare 

48  (Discus  articularis) 

49  Lig.  coracoclaviculare 

50  Lig.  trapezoideum 

51  Lig.  conoideum 

52  ARTICULATIO  STSRN0CLAVICULARI3 

53  Capsula  articularis 

54  Discus  articularis 

55  Lig.  sternoclavicular 

56  Lig.  costoclavicuiare 

57  Lig.  interclaviculare 

58  ARTICULATIO  HUMERI 

59  Capsula  articularis 

60  Labrum  glenoidale 

61  Lig.  coracohumerale 

62     ARTICULATIOECUBITI 

63  Articulatio  humeroulnaris 

64  Articulatio  burner oradialis 

65  Articulatio  radioulnaris 

proximal is 

66  Capsula  articularis 

67  Lig.  coliaterale  ulnare 

68  Lig.  coliaterale  radiale 

69  Lis-  annulare  radii 


SYNDESMOLOGY 


20 


1  Recessus  sacciforais 

2  ifembrana  interossea  antibrachii 

3  Chorda  obliqua 

4  ARTICULATIO  RADIOULNARIS  DISTALIS 

5  Capsuia  articularis 

6  Discus  articu?Laris 

7  Recessus  sacciformis 

8  ARTICULATTO  MANUS 

9  Articulatio  radiocarpea 

10  Articulatio  intercarpea 

11  Capsuia  articularis 

12  Lig.  radiocarpeum  dorsale 

13  Lig.  radiocarpeum  volare 

14  Lig.  carpi  radiatum 

15  Lig.  collaterals  carpi  ulnare 

16  Lig.  collaterale  carpi  radiale 

17  Ligg.  intercarpea  dorsaiia 

18  Ligg.  intercarpea  volaria 

19  Ligg.  intercarpea  interossea 

20  ARTICULATIO  OSSIS  PISIFORIvUS 

21  Capsuia  articularis 

22  Lig.  pisohamatum 

23  Lig.  pisometacarpeum 

24  Canalis  carpi 

25  ARTICULATIONES  CARPOMETACARPEAE 

26  Capsulae  articulares 

27  Ligg.  carpometacarpea  dorsaiia 

28  Ligg.  car pome tacarpea  volaria 

29  ARTICULATIO  CARPOMETACARPEA 
POLLICIS 
30  Capsuia  articularis 

31  ARTICULATIOMES  INTERMETACARPEAE 

32  Capsulae  articulares 

33  Ligg.  basium^oss.  laetacarp.j  dorsaiia 

34  Ligg.  basium  foss.  metacarpal  volaria 


35  Ligg.  basium  loss,  metacarpj 

interossea 

36  Spatia  interossea  metacarpi 

37     ARTICULATIONES  METACARPOPHA- 
LANGEAE 

38  Capsulae  articulares 

39  Ligg.  collaterlia 

40  Ligg.  access oria  volaria 

41  Ligg.  capitulorum  j^oss.  metacarp- 

sliumj  transversa 

42     ARTICULATIONES  DIGITORUM  MANUS 

43  Capsulae  articulares 

44  Ligg.  collateralia 

45     LIGG.  CINGULI  EXTREMITATIS 
INFERIORIS 

46  Membrana  obturatoria 

47  Canalis  obturatorius 

48  Lig.  iliolumbale 

49  Lig.  sacrotuberosura 

50  Processus  falciformis 

51  Lig.  sacrospinosum 

52  Foramen  ischiadicuin  ma  jus 

53  Foramen  ischiadicum  minus 

54  ARTICULATIO  SACROILIACA 

55  Ligg.  sacroiliaca  anteriora 

56  Ligg.  sacroiliaca  interossea 

57  Lig.  sacroiliacum  posterior  breve 

58  Lig-  sacroiliacum  posterius  Icngum 

59  SYMPHYSIS  OSSIUM  PUBIS 

60  Lig.  pubicum  superius 

61  Lig.  arcuatum  pubis 

62  Lamina  fibrocartilaginea  inter- 

pubica 

63  ARTICULATIO  COXAE 

64  Capsuia  articularis 

65  Labrum  glenoidale 

66  Lig.  transversum  acetabuli 

67  Lig.  teres  femoris 

68  Zona  orbicularis 

69  Lig.  iliofermorale 


SYKDESMOLOGY 


21. 


1  Lig.  ischiocapsulare 

2  Lig.  pubocapsulare 

3     ARTICULATIO  GENU 

4  Capsula  articularis 

5  I&niscus  lateralis 

6  Heniscus  medialis 

7  Lig.  "transversum  genu 

8  Ligg.  cruciata  gt.nu 

9  Ligo  cruciaturn  anterius 
10  Lig„  cruciatum  posterius 

Plica  synovialis  patellaris 

Plicae  alares 

Lig.  ccllaterale  fibulare 

Lig.  collaterale  tibiale 

Lig.  popliteum  obliquum 

Lig.  popliteum  arcuatum 

Retinaculum  lig.  arcuati 

Lig*  patellae 

Retinaculum  patellae  mediale 

Retinaculum  patellae  laterale 

21     ARTICULATIO  TI3I0FIBULARIS 

22  Capsula  articularis 

23  Ligg.  capituli  fibulae 

24  Membrana  interossea  cruris 

25  SYNDESMOSIS  TIBIOFIBUIARIS 
26'  Lig.  malleoli  lateralis  anterius 
27  Lig.  malleoli  lateralis  posterius 

28  ARTICULATIONS  PEDIS 

29  ARTICULATIO  TALCCRURALIS 

30  Capsula  articularis 

31  Lig.  deltoideum 

32,  Lig.  tibionaviculare 

33  Lig.   calcaneotibiale 

34  Lig.   talotibiale  anterius 

35  Lig.  talotibiale  posterius 
36     Lig.  talo'ibulare  anterius 


37  Lig.  talofibulare   posterius 

38  Lig.  calcaneo fibulare 

3  9     ARTICULATE  ONES   INTERTARSEAE 
'  *i 

40     ARTICULATIO  TALOCALCANEONAVICULARIS 
41 

41     ARTICULATIO  TALOCALCANEA 

42  Capsula  articularis 

43  Lig.  talocal  cane  urn  laterale 

44  Lig.  talocal cane urn  mediale 

45  Lig.  talocalcaneum  anterius 

46  Lig.  talocalcaneum  posterius 

47  ARTICULATIO  TARSI  TRANSVERSA 

CHOPARTI 

48  ARTICULATIO  TALONAVICULARIS 
49  Capsula  articularis 

50  ARTICULATIO  CALCANEOCUBOIDEA 
51  Capsula  articularis 

52  ARTICULATIO  CUNEONAVICULARIS 

53  LIGG.  TARSI  INTEROSSEA 

54  Lig.  talocalcaneum  interosseurn 

55  Lig.  cuneocaboidsum  interosseurn 

56  Ligg.  intercuneiformia  interossea 


LIGG.  TARSI  DORSALIA 
talonavicular  dcrsale 
cuneocuboldeum  dorsals 
cuboideenaviculare  dorsals 
bif urcatum 
calcaneonavicularis 
calcaneocuboidea 
calcaneonaviculare  dorsale 
,  navicularicuneif ormia  dorsalia 


LIGG.  TARSI  PLANTARIA 
plantare  longum 
Ligg.  tarsi  profunda 

69  Lig.  calcaneocuboideum  plantare 

70  Lig.  calcaneonaviculare  plantare 


58 

Lig. 

59 

Lig. 

60 

Lig. 

61 

Lig. 

62 

Pars 

63 

Pars 

64 

Lig. 

65 

Ligg 

66 

67 

Lig, 

63 

Ligg 

SYNDESMOLOGY 


22. 


1  Fibrocartilago  navicularls 

2  Ligg.  navicularicuneif ormia  plan- 

tar ia 

3  Lig.  cuboideonaviculare  plantare 
Ligg.  intercuneif ormia  plarrtaria 

Lig.  cuneocuboideum  plantare 

6  ARTICULATIONS  TARSOMETATARSEAE 
Capsulae  articulares 
Ligg.  tarsometatarsea  dorsalis 
Ligg.  tarsometatarsea  plantaria 
Liee;.  cuneometatarsea  interossea 


11  ARTICULATIONES  INTERMETATARSEAE 
12  Capsulae  articulares 


13  Ligg.  baaiurn  }  oss.  metatars.j 

interossea 

14  Ligg.  basium  foss.  metatars.j 

dorsal ia 

15  Ligg.  basium  |oss.  metatars.\ 

plantaria 

16  Spatia  interossea  metatarsi 

17  ARTICULATIONES  iETATARSOPHALAN- 
GSAE 

18  Capsulae  articulares 

19  Ligg.   collateralia 

20  Ligg.  acc^coria  plantaris. 

21  Ligg.   capitulcrun  foss.  metatarsi! 

transversa 

22     ARTICULATIONES   DIGITORUM  PEDIS 

23  Capsulae  articulares 

24  Ligg.  collateralia 


MYOLOGY 


23 


1     MYOLQGIA 


2     Musculus 

3     Caput 


4     Ven" 

5  Musculus 

6  Musculus 

7  Musculus 

8  Musculus 

9  Musculus 
10)  Musculus 

11  Musculus 

12  Musculus 

13  Tende- 


rer 

fusiformis 
unipennatus 
bipennatus 
sphincter 
orbicularis 
articularis 
skeleti 
cutaneus 


33 

Aponeurosis 

34 

Perimysium 

35 

Fascia 

36  Fascia  superficialis 

37 

Inscriptio  tendinea 

38 

Arcus  tendineus 

39 

Ligament  urn  vaginale 

40 

Vagina  fibrosa  tendinis 

41 

Vagina  mucosa  tendinis 

42 

Trochlea  muscularis 

43 

Bursa  mucosa 

14  MUSCUL1  DORSI 
M.  trapezius 
(M.  transversus  nuchae) 
M.  latissimus  dorsi 
M.  rhomboideus  major 
M.  rhomboideus  minor 
M.  levator  scapulae 
M.  .serratus  posterior  inferior 
M.  serratus  posterior  superior 
M.  splenius  cervicis 
M.  splenius  capitis 
M.  sacrospinalis 
M,  iliocostalis 

27  M.  iliocostalis  lumborum 

28  M,  iliocostalis  dorsi 

29  M.  iliocostalis  cervicis 
M.  longissimus 

31  M.  longissimus  dorsi 

32  M.  longissimus  cervicis 


44 
45 


49 


M,  longissimus  capitis 
M.  spinalis 

46  M.  spinalis  dorsi 

47  M.  spinalis  cervicis 

48  M.  spinalis  capitis 
M.  semispinalis 

50  M.  semispinalis  dorsi 

51  M.  semispinalis  cervicis 

52  M.  semispinalis  capitis 

53  M.  multifidus 

54  Mm.  rotatores 

55  Mm.  rotatores  longi 

56  Mm,  rotatores  breves 

57  Mm.  interspinales 

58  Mm.  intertransversarii 

59  Mm.  intertransversarii 

laterales 

60  Mm.  intertransversarii 

mediales 

61  Mm.  intertransversarii 

anteriores 

62  Mm.  intertransversarii 

posteriores 
63  M.  rectus  capitis  posterior 
major 


MYOLOGY 


24. 


1  M.  rectus  capitis  posterior  minor 

2  M.  rectus  capitis  lateralis 

3  M.  obliquus  capitis  superior 

4  M.  obliquus  capitis  inferior 

5  Fascia  lumbodorsalis 

6  Fascia  nuchae 

7  MUSCULI  CAPITIS 

8  M.  epicranius 

9  9  M,  frontalis 

10  M.  occipitalis 

11  M.  procerus 
L2  M.  Nasal is 

13  Pars  transversa 

14  Pars  alaris 

15  M.  depressor  septi 

16  M.  orbicularis  oculi 

17  Pars  palpebral is 

18  Pars  orbitalis         _ 

19  Pars  lacrimalis  yiornerij- 
30  M.  auricularis  anterior 

21  M.  auricularis  superior 

22  M.  auricularis  posterior 

23  M.  orbicularis  oris 

24  M.  triangularis 

2  5  (ivl.  transversus  menti) 

26  M.  risorius 

27  M.  z'ygomaticus 

28  M.  quadratus  labii  superioris 

29  Caput  zygomaticum 

30  Caput  infraorbitals 

31  Caput  angulare 

32  Ms  quadratus  labii  inferioris 

33  M.  caninus 

34  M.  buccinator 

35  Mm.  incisivi  labii  superioris 

36  Mm.  incisivi  labii  inferioris 

37  M.  mentalis 

38  M.  masseter 

39  M.  temporalis 

40  M.  pterygoideus  externus 


41  M.  pterygoideus  internus 

42  Galea  aponeurotica 

43  Fascia  buccopharyngea 

44  Fascia  parotide omasseterica 

45  Fascia  temporalis 

46     MUSCULI  OSS.  HYOIDEI 
47     M.   digastricus 

48  Venter  anterior 

49  Venter  posterior 

50  M,  Btylohyoideus 

51  M.  mylohyoideus 

52  M.  genoihyoideus 

53  MUSCULI  COLLI 

54  Platysma 

55  M.  sternocleidomastoideus 

56  M.  sternohyoideus 

57  M.  omohyoideus 

58  Venter  superior 

59  Venter  inferior 

60  M,  sternothyreoideus 

61  M.  thyreohyoideus 

62  (M„  levator  glandulae  thyreoideae) 

63  M.  longus  colli 

64  M.  longus  capitis 

65  M.  rectus  capitis  anterior 

66  M.  scalenus  anterior 

67  M.  scalenus  medius 

68  M.  scalenus  posterior 

69  (M,  scalenus  minimus) 

70  Fascia  colli 

71  Fascia  praevertebralis 

72  MUSCULI  THORACIS 

73  (M.  sternalis) 

74  M.  pect oralis  major 

75  Pars  clavicularis 

76  Pars  sternocostalis 

77  Pars  abdominalis 

78  M.  pectoralis  minor 

79  M.  subclavius 


MYOLOGY 


25 


1  M.  serratus  anterior 

2  Mm*  levatores  costarum 

">3  Mm,  levatores  sostarum  longi 
j.4  Mm.  1"  evtores  costarum  breves 

5  Mm.  intercostales  extern! 

6  Mm.  intercostales  interni 

7  Mm.  subcostales 

8  M.  ^ransver3us  thoracis 

9  Diaphragma 

10     Pars  luinbalis 

11  Crus  mediale 

12  Crus  intermedium 

13  Crus  laterale 

14  Pars  costalis 

15  Pars  sternalis 
1.3  iiatus  aorticus 

17  Hiatus  oesophageus 

18  Centrum  tendineum 

19  Foramen  venae  cavae 

20  Arcus  lumbocostalis  medialis 

[HalleriJ 
23     Arcus  lumbocostalis   lateralis 
[Hallerij 

22  Fascia  pectoralis 

23  Fascia  coracoclavicularis 

24  MUSCULI  ABDOMINIS 

25  M.  rectus  abdominis 

26  Falx  aponeurotica  inguinalis 

27  K.  pyramidalis 

28  M.  obliquus  externus  abdominis 

29  M.  obliquus  internus  abdominis 

30  M.  cremaster 

31  M.  trans versus  abdominis 

32  M.  quadratus  lunborum 

33  Annulus  umbilicalis* 

34  Linea  alba 

35  Adminiculum  lineae  albae 

36  Inscriptions  tendineae 

37  Lig.  suspensorium  penis  s. 

clitoridis 

38  Lig.  fundiforrne  penis 

39  Vagina  m.  recti  abdominis     _ 

40  Linea  semicircularis  ["DouglasiJ 


41  Lig.  inguinale  |_Pouparti|, 

42  Lig.  lacunare  t  Gimbernatij      ,. 

43  Lig.  inguinale  reflexum  £CollesiJ 

44  Annulus  inguinalis  subcutaneus 

45  Crus  superius 

46  Crus  inferius 

47  Fibrae  intercrurales    - 

48  Trigonum  iumbale  Qpetitij  . 

49  Linea  semilunaris  ijjpigelij 

50  Fascia  transversalis 

51  Canalis  inguinalis 

52  Annulus  inguinalis  abdominalis  - 

53  Lig.  interf oveolare  (IfesselbachiJ 

54  Plica  epigastrica 

55  Fovea  inguinalis  lateralis 

56  Fovea  inguinalis  medialis 

57  Fovea  supravesical is 

58  MUSCULI  COCCYGEI 

59  M.  coccygeus 

60  M.  sacrococcygeus  anterior 

61  M.  sacrococcygeus  posterior 

62  MUSCULI  EXTREMITATIS  SUPERIORIS 

63  M.  deltoideus 

64  M.  supraspinatus 

65  M.  infraspinatus 

66  M.  teres  minor 

67  M.  teres  major 

68  M.  subscapularis 

69  M.  biceps  fe  r;-  chii 

70  Caput  longum 

71  Vagina  mucosa  intertubercularis 

72  Caput  breve 

73  Lacertus  fibrosus 
74  M.  coracobrachialis 

"75  M.  brachialis 
76  M.  triceps  brachii 

77  Caput  longum 

78  Caput  laterale 

79  Caput  mediale 


MYOLOGY 


26. 


1  M.  anconaeus 

2  (M/  epitrochleoanconaeus) 

3  M.  pronator  teres 

4  Caput  humerale 

5  Caput  ulnare 

6  Li.  flexor  carpi  radialis 

7  K.  palmaris  longus 

8  M.  flexor  carpi  ulnaris 

9  Caput  numerale 
10  Caput  ulnare 
.1  M.  flexor  digitorum  sublimis 

12  Caput  huaierale 

13  Caput  radfale 
M.  flexor  digitorum  profundus 
M.  flexor  pollicis  longus 
M.  pronator  quadratus 
U,   branchioradialis 
M.  extensor  carpi  radialis  longus 
M,  extensor  carpi  radialis  brevis 
M.  extensor  digitorum  communis 

21  Juncturae  tendinum 
M.  extensor  digiti  quinti  proprius 
M_  extensor  carpi  ulnari3 
M.  supinator 

M.  abductor  pollicis  longus 
M.  extensor  pollicis  brevis 
M.  extensor  pollicis  longus 
M.  extensor  indicis  proprius 
M.  pa.lmaris  brevis 
M.  abductor  pollicis  brevis 
M.  flexor  pollicis  brevis 
M.  opponens  pollicis 
M.  adductor  pollicis 
M.  abductor  digiti  quinti 
M,  flexor  digiti  quinti  brevis 
M.  opponens  digiti  quinti 
Min.  lumbricales 
Mm.  interossei  dorsales 
3Sa.  interossei  volares 
Fascia  axillaris 
Fascia  subscapularis 


42  Fascia  supraspinata 

43  Fascia  infraspinata 

44  Fascia  brachii       „     -* 

45  Septum  intermusculare  f  BumeriJ: 

mediale  -,  ' 

46  Septum  intermusculare  [humeri! 

laterals 

47  Sulcus  bicipitalis  medialis 

48  Sulcus  bicipitalis  lateralis 

49  Fascia  antibrachii 

50  Fascia  dorsalis  manus 

51  Li'g.  carpi  dorsale 

52  Apt-r necrosis  palmaris 

53  Fasciculi  transversi 

54  Lig.  carpi  transversum 

55  Lig.  carpi  volare 

56  Chiasma  tendinum 

57  Vinculum  tendinum 
53  Vaginae  musosae 

59  Ligg.  vaginalia  digitorum  manus 

60  Ligg-  annularia  digitorum  manus 

61  Ligg-  cruciata  digitorum  manus 


63  ¥. 

64  M. 

65  M. 

66  M. 

67  K. 

68  M. 

69  M. 

70  M. 

71  M. 

72  M. 

73  M. 

74  M. 

75  M. 

76  M. 

77  M. 

78  M. 

79  M. 


62     MUSCULI  EXTREMITATIS  IKFERIORIS 

iliopoas 

iliacus 

psoas  major 

peoas  minor 

glutaeus  maximus 

glutaeus  medius 

glutaeus  minimus 

tensor  fasciae  latae 

piriformis 

obturator  internus 

gemellus  superior 

gemellus  inferior 

quadratus . f emoris 

sartorius 

quadriceps  femoris 

rectus  femoris 

vastus  lateralis 


MYOLOGY 


27. 


1  M.  vastus  interrnedius 

2  LI.  vastus  me  dial  is 
M.  articularis  genu 
M.  pectineus 
K,   adductor  longus 
M.  gracilis 
M.  adductor  brevis 
l"i.   adductor  snagnus 
M;  adductor  minimus 
M.  obturator  externus 
M».  biC-^ps  femoris 

12  3aput  longum 

13  Caput  breve 
M.  semitendinosus 
M.  semimembranosus 
Mi  tibialis  anterior 
M.  extensor  digitorum  longus 
M.  percnaeus  tertius 
M,  extensor  hallucis  longus 
M.  peronaeus  longus 
M.  peronaeus  brevis 
M.  triceps  surae 

23  M.  gastrocnemius 

24  Caput  laterale 
2  5  Caput  mediale 

26  M.  soleus 
Arcus  teniineus  in  solei 
28  Tendo  calcaneus  f Achillisj 
M.  plantaris 
I.;,  popliteus 
M.  tibialis  posterior 
II.  flexor  digitorum  longus 
M.  flexor  hallucis  longus 
M.  extensor  hallucis  brevis 
11.  extensor  digitorum  brevis 
Li.  abductor  hallucis 
M.  flexor  hallucis  brevis 
M.  adductor  hallucis 

39  Caput  obliquum 

40  Caput  transversum 
M.  abductor  digiti  quinti 
M.  flexor  digiti  quinti  brevis 
M.  opponens  digiti  quinti 


44  M.  flexor  digitorum  brevis 

45  M.  quadrat  us  plantae 

46  Mm.  lumbricales 

47  Mm.  interossei  dorsales 

48  Mm.  interossei  plantares 

49  Fascia  lata         .  • 

50  Tractus  iliotibialis  f_Maissiatij 

51  Septum  intermusculare  CfemorisJ 

laterale      _     ^ 

52  Septum  intermusculars  |femorisj 

mediale    *»      -> 

53  Canalis  adductorius  ?_HunteriJ 

54  Hiatus  tendineus  }  adductoriusj 

55  Fascia  iliaca 

56  Fascia  iliopectinea 

57  Lacuna  musculorum 

58  Lacuna  vasorum    -  ,_ 

59  Trigonum  femoral  e  j^Fossa  8carpae  major  J 

60  Fossa  iliopectinea 

61  Fascia  pec tinea 

62  Canalis  femoralis 

63  Annulus  femoralis       _. 

64  Septum  femorale  Fcioquetij 

65  Fossa  ovalis 

66     ivkrgo   falciformis 

67  Cornu  superius 

68  Cornu  inferius 
69  Fascia  cribrosa 

70  Fascia  cruris 

71  Septum  intermusculare  anterius 

fibulare 

72  Septum  intermusculare  posterius 

fibulare 

73  Lig.  transversum  cruris 

74  Lig.  laciniatum 

75  Lig.  cruciatum  cruris 

76  Retinaculum  mm.  peronaeorum  sup. 

77  Retinaculum  mm.  peronaeorum  inferius 


MYOLOGY 


28, 


Fascia  dorsalis  pedis 
2  Aponeurosis  plantaris 

3  Fasciculi  transversi 
aponeurosis  plantaris 


4  Vaginae  mucosae 

5  Ligg.  annularia 

6  Ligg.  vaginalia 

7  Ligg.  cruciata 


URSAE   ET   VAGI  H  A  E   MUCOSAE 


9  Bursa  mucosa  subcutanea 

10  Bursa  mucosa  submuscuiaris 

11  Bursa  mucosa  subfacialis 


12  Bursa  mucosa  subtendinea 

13  Vagina  mucosa  tendinis 


14 

3 

15 

IS 

B, 

17 

B, 

13 

B, 

19 

BR, 

20 

B, 

21 

B. 

22 

B, 

23 

B, 

24 

B, 

25 

B, 

27  B 

23  B 

29  B 

30  B 

31  B 

32  B 

33  B 

34  B 

35  B 

36  B 


,  musculi  trochlearis 
.  m.  tens oris  veli  palatini 
.  subcutanea  praementalis 
,  subcutanea  prominent iae 

laryngeae 
,  m.  sternohyoidei 
,m.  thyreohyoidei 
,  subcutanea  sacralis 
-  coccygea 

,  subcutanea  acromialis 
.  subacromialis 
.  subdeltoidea 
.  m.   cone ^brcchialis 
.  m.  infraspinati 
.  m.  subs cap ularis 
,  m.  teretis  majoris 
.  m.  latissimi  dorsi 
.  subcutanea  olecrani 
,  intratendinea  olecrani 
.  subtendinea  olecrani  -.      - 
.  subcutanea  epicondylif  iiuraeril 

lateralis       ~  _. 

,  subcutanea  epicondyli  inumerij 

medialis 
.  bicpitoradialis 
cubitalis  interossea 


37 


33 


39 


41 
42 

43 

44 

45 
46 
47 
48 

49 
50 
51 
52 

53 

54 


Vagina  tendinum  mm.  abductoris  longi 
et  extensoris  brevis  pollicis 
Vagina  tendinum  mm.  extensorum  carpi 

radialium 
Vagina  tendinis  m.  extensoris  pollicis 

longi 
Vagina  tendiiium  mm.  extensoris  digi- 

torum  communis  et  extensoris  indicis 
Vagina  tendinis  m.  extensoris  digiti 

minimu 
Vagina  tendinis  m.  extensori  carpi 

ulnaris 
3.  m.  extensoris  carpi  radialis  brevis 
Eursae  subcutaneae  metacarpophalangeae 

dorsales 
Bursae  subcutaneae  digitorum  dorsales 
B.  m.  flexoris  carpi  ulnaris 
B.  a.  flexoris  carpi  radialis 
Vagina  tendinum  mm.  flexorum  com- 

munium 
Vag.  tendinis  m.  flexoris  pollicis  longi 
Bursae  intermetacarpophalangeae 
Vaginae  tendinum  digitales 
B.  trochanterica  subcutanea 
B.  trochanterica  m.  glutaei  maximi 
B.  troch.  m.  eluetei  medii  anterior 


MYOLOGY 


29. 


1  B.  troch.  m.  glutaei  medii  posterior 

2  3.  troch.  m.  glutaei  minimi 

3  B.  ra.  piriformis 

4  B.  m.  obturatoris  interni 

5  Bursae  glutaeofemorales 

6  B.  ischiadica  m.  glutaei  saxind 

7  B.  jn.  recti  femoris 

8  B.  iliopectinea 

9  B.  iliaca  subtendinea 

10  B.  Ei.  pectinei 

11  B.  m.  bicipitis  femoris  superior 

12  B.  praepatellaris  subcutanea 

13  B.  praepatellaris  subfascialis 

14  B.  praepatellaris  subtendinea 

15  B.  supra patellaris 

16  B.  infrapatellaris  subcutanea 

17  B.  infrapatellaris  profunda 

18  B.  subcutanea  tuberositatis  tibiae 

19  B.  m.  sartorii  propria 

20  B.  anserina 

21  B.  m.  bicipitis  femoris  inferior 

22  B.  m.  poplitei 

23  B.  bicipitogastrocenemialis 

24  B.  m.  gastrocnemii  lateralis 


25  B.  m.  gastrocnemii  medialis 

26  B.  m.  semimembranosi 

27  B.  subcutanea  malleoli  lateralis 

28  B.  subcutanea  malleoli  medialis 

29  Vag.  tendinis  m.  tibialis  anterioris 

30  Vag.  tendinis  ml  extensoris  hallucis 
longi 

Vaginae  tendinum  m.  extensoris  digi- 

torum  pedis  longi 
Vaginae  tendinum  m.  flexoris  digi- 

torum  pedis  longi 
Vag.  tendinis  m.  tibialis  posterioris 
Vag.  tendinis  m.  flexoris  hallucis 

longi 
35  Vag.  tendinum  mm.  peronaeorum 

communis 
Bursa  sinus  tarsi 

B.  subtendinea  m.  tibialis  anterioris 
B.  subtendinea  m.  tibialis  posterioris 
B.  subcutanea  calcanea 
B.  tendinis  calcanei  ^.chillisj 
Vag.  tendinis  m.  peronaei  longi 

plantaris 
Burase  intermetatarsophalangeae 
Bursae  mm.  lumbricalium  pedis 
Vaginae  tendinum  digitales  pedis 


31 
32 

33 

34 


36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 

42 

43 
44 


SPLANCHNOLOGY 


30, 


1  SPLANCHNOLOGY 


11 
12 


Tunica  albuginea 
Tunica  fibrosa 
Tunica  adventitia 
Tunica  mucosa 

6  Lamina  propria  mucosae 

7  Lamina  muscularis  mucosae 

8  Tela  submucosa 

9  Plica  mucosa 
10  Mucus 

Tunica  muscular is 
Tunica  serosa 

13  Tela  subserosa 

14  Plica  serosa 


15.  Ll^a^cr.tuai  serosum 

16.  Serum 

17  Epithelium 

18  Endothelium 

19  Organon  parenchymatosum 

20  Parenchyma 

21  Stroma 

22  Glandula 

23  Lobus 

24  Lobulus 

25  Glandula  mucosa 

26  Musculus  viscerum 


27     APPARATUS       DIGESTORIUS 


29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 


37 
38 
39 


28     CAVUM  ORIS 
Bucca 

Corpus  adiposum  buccae 
Vestibtjlum  oris 
Cavum  oris  proprium 
Pdroa  oris 
Labia  oris 

35  Labium  superius 

36  Labium  inferius 
Commissura  labiorum 
Angulus  oris 
Palatum 


42 


44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 


40  Palatum  durum 

41  Palatum  molle 
Raphe  palati 

43  Tunica  mucosa  oris 
Frenulum  labii  superioris 
Frenulum  labii  inferioris 
Gingiva 

Caruncula  sublingualis 
Plica  sublingualis 
Plicae  palatinae  transversae 
Papilla  incisiva 


SPLANCHNOLOGY 


31 


1  Glandulae  oris 

2  Gl.  labiales 

3  Gl.  buccales 

4  Gl.  raolares 

5  Gl.  palatinae 

6  Gl .  linguales         _ 

7  Gl.  lingualis  anterior  ^Blandini  NuhniJ 

8  Gl.  sublingualis 

9  Ductus  sublingualis  major 

10  Ductus  sublinguales  minores 

11  Gl.  submaxillaris    _ 

12  Ductus  submaxillaris  ^Whartonij 

13  Gl.  parctis 

14  Processus  retromandibularis 

15  Gl.  parotis  accessori 

16  Ductus  parotideus  j_StenonisJ 

17  Saliva 

18  Dentes 


Corona  dentis 
20  Tubercula  ^coronaej  dentis 
Collum  dentis 
Radix  Radices  dentis 
Apex  radicis  dentis 
Facies  masticatoria 
Facies  labialis  buccalis 
Facies  lingualis 
Facies  contactus 

28  Facies  medialis  )  dentium  incisivo- 

29  Facies  lateralis)  rum  et  caninorum 

30  Facies  anterior  )  dentium  praemola- 

31  Facies  posterior)  rium  et  molarium 
Cavuui  dentis 

Pulpa  dentis 
Papilla  dentisx 
Canalis  radicis  dentis 
Foramen  apicis  dentis 
Substantia  eburnea 
Substantia  adaniantina 


39  Substantia  ossea 

40  Canaliculi  dentales 

41  Spatia  interglobularia 

42  Prismata  adamantina 

43  Cuticula  dentis 

44  Periosteum  alveolare 

45  Arcus  dentalis  superior 

46  Arcus  dentalis  inferior 

47  Dentes  inrisivi 

48  Dentes  canini 

49  Dentes  praenolares 

50  ~-3ntes  molares 

51  Dens  serotinus 

52  Dentes  permanentes 

53  Dentes  decidui 

54  Lingua 

55  Drosum  linguae 

56  Radix  linguae 

57  Corpus  linguae        ,_ 

58  Facies  inferior  ^linguaej 

59  Plica  fimbriata 

60  Mar  go  lateralis  flinguaej 

61  Apex  linguae 

62  Tunica  mucosa  linguae 

63  Frenulum  linguae 

64  Papillae  linguales 

65  Papillae  filiformes 

66  Papillae  conicae 

67  Papillae  fungiformes 

68  Papillae  lenticulares 

69  Papillae  vallatae 

70  Papillae  foliatae 

71  Sulcus  medianus  linguae 

72  Sulcus  terminalis 

73  Foramen  caecum  linguae  (Morgagnii) 

74  (Ductus  lingualis) 

75  Ductus  thyreoglossusx 

76  Tonsilla  lingualis 

77  Folliculi  linguales 

78  Septum  linguae 


SPLANCHNOLOGY 


32. 


1  Musculi  linguae 

2  M.  genioglossus 

3  M.  Iv/uglossus 

4  M.  chondrcglossus 

5  M„  styloglossus 

6  M.  longitudinalis  superior 

7  M.  longitudinalis  inferior 

8  M.  transversus  linguae 
i  M.  verticalis  linguae 

10  Fauces 

11  Isthmus   faucium 

12  Velum  palatinum 

13  Uvula     palatina 

14  Arcus  palatini 

15  Arcus   glossopalatinus 

16  Arcus   pharyngopalatinus 

17  Plica  salpingopalatina 

18  Tonsilla  palatina 

19"  Fossulae  tonsillares 

20  Sinus  tonsillaris 

21  Plica  triangularis 

22  Fossa  supratonsillaris 

23  Musculi  palati  et  faucium 
24  M.  levator  veli  palatini 
2  5  M»  tensor  veli  palatini 

26  M.   uvulae 

27  H.   glossopalatinus 

28  M,   pharyngopalatinus 


30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 


39 

40 


2  9  PHARYNX 
Cavum  pharyngis 
Fornix  pharyngis 
Pars  nasalis 
Pars  oralis 
Pars  laryngea 
Ostium  pharyngeum  tubae 

36  Labium  anterius 

37  Labium  posterius 

38  Torus  tubarius 

Plica   salpingopharyngea  _ 

Recessus  pharyngeus    jjiosenmuellerij 


41  (Bursa  pharyngea) 

42  Recessus  piriformis 

43  M.  stylopharyngeus 

44  Fascia  pharyngobasilaris 

45  Tunica  mucosa 

46  Gl,  pharyngeae 

47  Tonsilla  pharyngea 

48  Fossulae  tonsillares 

49  Tela  submucosa 

50  Tunica  muscularis  pharyngis 

51  Raphe  pharyngis 

52  Raphe  pterygomandibularis 

53  M.  constrictor  pharyngis  superior 

54  M.  pterygopharyngeus 

55  M.  buccopharyngeus 

56  M.  mylopharyngeus 

57  M.  glossopharyngeus 

58  M.  salpingopharyngeus 

59  M.  constrictor  pharyngis  medius 

60  M.  chondropharyngeus 

61  M.  ceratopharyngeus 

62  M.  constrictor  pharyngis  inferior 

63  ill.  thyreopharyngeus 

64  M.  cricopharyngeus 

65     TUBUS  DIGESTORIUS 

66     Oesophagus 

67  Pars  cervicalis 

68  Pars  thoracalis 

69  Pars  abdominalis 

70  Tunica  adventitia 

71  Tunica  muscularis 

72  M.  bronchooesophageus 

73  M.  pleurooesophageus 

74  Tela  submucosa 

75  Tunica  mucosa 

76     Lam.  muscularis  mucosae 
77     Gl.  oesophageae 

78     Ventriculus 
^Gasterjj 

79  Paries  anterior 

80  Paries  posterior 


SPLANCHNOLOGY 


33. 


Curvatura  ventriculi  major 

Curvatura  ventriculi  minor 

Cardia 

Fundus  ventriculi 

Corpus  ventriculi 

Pylorus 

Pars  cardiaca 

Pars  pylorica 

(Antrum  cardiac urn) 

Antrum  pyloricum 

'Tunica  serosa 

Tunica  muscularis 

13  Stratum  longitudinals 

14  Ligg.   pylori 

15  Stratum  circulare 

16  M.   sphincter  pylori 

17  Fibrae    obliquae 
Valvula  pylori 
Tela  sybmucosa 
Tunica  muscosa 

21     Lam,  muscularis  mucosae 
Areae   gastricae 
Plicae  viliosae 
Foveolae   gastricae      ^,  -> 

Glandulae   gastricae   IpropriaeJ 
Glandulae  pyloricae 
Moduli  lymphatici   gastrici 
28     Succus   gastricus 

29     Intestinum  tunue 

30  Tunica  serosa 

31  Tunica  muscularis 

32  Stratum  longi  tudinale 

33  Stratum  circulare 

34  Tela  submucosa 

35  Tunica  mucosa 

3  6  Lam.  muscularis  mucosae 

37  Plicae  circulares  jKerkringiJ- 

38  Villi  intestinales  _ 

39  Gl.  intestinales  ^LieberkuehniJ 

40  Moduli  lymphatici  solitarii  _ 

41  Moduli  lymphatici  aggregati  IPeyeriJ 


42  Ghymus 

43  Chylus 

44  Succus  entericus 

45  Duodenum 

46  Pars  uperior 

47  Pars  descendens 

48  Pars  inferior  « 

49  Pars  horizontalis  (inferior J 

50  Pars  ascendens 

51  Flexura  duodeni  superior 

52  Flexura  duodeni  inferior 

53  Flexura  duodenoje junalis 

54  M.  suspensorius  duodeni 

55  Plica  longitudinalis  duodejni 

56  Papilla  duodeni  ^Santcrinj| 

58  Intestinum  tenue 

mesenteriale- 

59  Intestinum  jejunum 

60  Intestinum  ileum 

SI  Intestinum  eras gum 

62  Intestinum     caecum 

63  Valvula  coli 

64  Labium  superius 

65  Labium  inferius 

66  Frenula  valvulae   coli 

67  Processus  vermi- 

form i  s 

68  (Valvula  processus  vermiformis) 

69  Noduli  aggregati  processus   vermifor* 

mis 

70  Colon 

71  Colon  ascendens 

72  Flexura  coli  dextra 

73  Colon  transversum 

74  Flexura  coli  sinistra 

75  Colon  descenders 

76  Colon  sigmoideum 

77  Plics.e  semilunares  coli 

78  Haustra  coli 

79  Tunica  serosa 

80  Appendices  epiploicae 

81  Tunica  muscularis 

82  Taeniae  coli 


SPLANCHNOLOGY 


34, 


1  Taenia  mesocolica 

2  Taenia   oraentalis 

3  Taenia  libera 

4  Tel s   submucosa 

5  Tunica  mucosa 

6  Lam.  muscularis  mucosae 
7  Gl.  intestinal es  [juieberkuehnxj 
3  Moduli  lymphatic!  solitarii 

9  Intestjnum  rectum 
Flexura  sacralis 
Flexura  perinealis 
Ampulla  recti 
Tunica  muscula.ris 
M,  sphincter  ani  internus 
M.  rectococcygeus 
Tela  submucosa 
Tunica  mucosa 

18  Lam.  m.  mucosae  „  -- 

19  Gl.   intestinales   iLieberkuehnfj- 
Noduli  lymphatic! 
Plicae  transversales   recti 
Pars     a  n  a  1  i  s     recti 
Columnae   rectales  fMorgagnii) 
Sinus   rectales 
Annulus   haemorrhoidalis 


40  Ductus  pancreaticus  accessorius 

fSantorini] 

41  (Pancreas  access orium) 

42  Succus  pancreaticus 


26  PANCREAS 
Caput  pancreatis    «,       - 
Processus  uncinatus  ^Pancreas  \ 

FWinslov;i^ 
Incisura  pancreatis 
Corpus  pancreatis 

31  Facies  anterior 

32  Facies  posterior 

33  Facies  inferior 

34  Liar  go   superior 

35  Mar go  anterior 

36  Margo   posterior 
Tuber  omental e 

38  Cauda  pancreatis  - 

39  Ductus   pancreaticus  {Wirsung'S- 


43  HEPAR 
Facies  cupsxior 
Facies  posterior 
Facies  inferior 
Largo  anterior 
Incisura  umbilicalis 
Fossae  sagittales  dextrae 

50  Fossa  vesicae  felleae 

51  Fossa  venae  cavae 
Fossa  sagittalis  sinistra 

53  Fossa  venae  umbilicalis 

54  Fossa  ductus  venosi 

55  Tunica  serosa 

56  Lig.  teres  hepatis 

57  Lig.  venosum  iplrantiil 

58  Porta  hepatis 

59  Lobus  hepatis  dexter 

60  Lobus  quadra tus 

61  Lobus  caudatus  |,Spigeliij 

62  Processus  papillaris 

63  Processus  caudatus 

64  Lobus  hepatis  sinister 

65  (Appendix  fibrosa  hepatis) 

66  Impressio  cardiaca 

67  Tuber  omentale 

68  Impressio  oesophagea 

69  Impressio  gastrica 

70  Impressio  duodenalis 

71  Impressio  colica 

72  Impressio  renali3 

73  Impressio  suprarenalis 

74  Lobuli  hepatis  „       -* 

75  Capsula  fibrosa  ^Glissoni J 

76  Rami  arteriosi  interlo.'ulares 

77  Venae  interlobulares 

78  Venae  centrales 


44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 


52 


SPLANCHNOLOGY 


35. 


1  Ductus  biliferi 

2  Ductus  interlobulares  19 

3  Ductus  nepaticus  20 

4  Vasa  aberrantia  hepatis  21 

5  Fel  Bills  22 

6  Vesica  fellea  23 

7  Fundus  vesicas  fe!3aea  24 

8  Corpus  vesicae  felleae  25 

9  Collum  vesicae  felleae  26 

10  Ductus  cysticus  27 

11  Tunica  serosa  vesicae  felleae  28 

12  Tunica  muscularis  vesicae  felleae  29 

13  Tunica  mucosa  vesicae  felleae  29 

14  Plicae  tun.  mucosae  v.  felleae  30 

15  Valvula  spiralis  j_Heisteril  31 

16  Ductus  choledocbus 

17  G1.  mucosae  biliosae  33 

34 


18  LIEN 
Facies  diaphragma~uica 
Facias  rsr.alis 
Facies  gastrica 
Extremitas  superior 
Extreni tas  inferior 
Margo  posterior 
Mar go  anterior 
Hilus  lienis 
Tunica  serosa 
Tunica  altuginea 
Trabeculae  lienis 
Trabeculae  lienis 
Pulpa  lienis  - 

Rami  lienales  j^arteriae  lienalisj 

32  Penicilli  .-       -» 

Noduli  lumphatici  lianales  jMalpighiil 

(Lien  accessonus) 


35     APPARATUS       RE  S  ?  I  RA  TORI  US 


36     CAVUM  KASI 
Nares 
Choanae 
Septum  nasi 

40  Septum  cartilagineum 

41  Septum  meiabranaceum 
Vestibulum  nasi 

Liiaen  nasi 

Sulcus  olfactorius 

(Concha  nasalis  supreca 

£SantoriniJ  ) 
Concha  ns.salis  superior 
Concha  nasalis  media 
Concha  nasalis  inferior 
Membrana  mucosa  nasi 
Plexus  cavernosi  concharum 
Agger  nasi 

Recessus  sphenoethmoidalis 
Meatus  nasi 

54  Meatus  nasi  superior 

55  Meatus  nasi  medius 


60 
61 
62 
63 


67 
68 
69 

71 


55  Atrium  meatus  medii 

57  Meatus  nasi  inferior 

58  Meatus  nasi  communis 

59  Meatus  nasopharyngeus 
Regio  respiratoria 

Regio  oliactoria 

Gl.  olfactoriae 

Sinus  paranasales  -|. 

64  Sinus  maxillaris  |Highmori| 

65  Sinus  sphenoidalis 
66:  Sinus  frontalis 

Celluiae  ethmoidales 
Bulla  ethmoidaxis 
InfundiDulum  ethmoidaie 

70  Hiatus  semilunaris 
Gl.  nasales 


72  NASUS  EXTERNUS 

73  Basis  nasi 

74  Badix  nasi 


SPLANCHNOLOGY 


36. 


13 

14 

15 

ie 

17 


10 
20 
21 


Dorsum  nasi 

Mar 30  nasi 

Ape::  nasi 

Ala  nasi 

Septum  mobile   nasi 

Sartilagines      n  a  s   i 

Gsrtilago   sepii  nasi 

8     Processus   spheaoidalis   septi 
cart ila gins i 
Cartilago   nasi  lateralis 
Cartilago  alar is  major 

11  Crus  mediaie 

12  Crus  laterals 
Cartilagines  alares  minores 
Oartilagines  sesamoidsae  nasi  «, 
Organon  vomeronasals  ^Jacobs  oni}  _ 
Cartilago  vomeronasal is  fjacobsonil 
(Ductus  incisivus) 


y  n  g  1 


18     LARYNX 
Prominentia  laryngea 
Cartilagines     lar 
Cartilago  thyreoidea 

22  Lamina £d extra  et  sinistraj 

23  Incisura  thyreoidea  superior 

24  Incisura   thyreoidea  inferior 

25  Tuberculum  thyreoideum  superius 

26  Tuberculum  thyreoideum  inferius 

27  (Linea   obliqua) 

28  Cornu  superius 

29  Cornu  inferius 

30  (Foramen  thyreoideum) 
Lig.  hyothyreoideun  laterals 
Cartilago  triticea 

Lig.   hyothyreoideun  medium 
Llembrana   hyothyreoidea 
Cartilago   cricoidea 

36     Arcus  fcartilaginis   cricoideaej 
Lamina  {"barilla  ginis   criccideae*} 
Facies  articularis  arytaenoidea 
Facies  articularis   thyreoidea 


40  Articulatio  cricothyreoidea 

41  Capsula  articularis  criccthyreoidec 

42  Ligg.  ceratocricoidea  lateralia 

43  Lig.  ceratocricoideum  antsrius 

44  Ligg.  ceratocricoidea  posteriora 

45  Lig.  cricothyreoideum  jmediumj 

46  Lig.  cricotracheale 

47  Carti3.ago  arytaenoidea 

43  Facies  articularis 

49  Basis  |cartilaginis 

arytaenoideae} 

50  Crista  arcuata 

51  Colliculus 

52  Fovea  oblonga 

53  Fovea  triangularis 

54  Apex  [cartilaginisj 

arytaenoideae 

55  Processus  vocalis 

56  Processus  muscularis  -. 

57  Cartilago    corniculata  j^Santorinij 

58  Synchondrosis  arycorniculata 
s   59     Articulatio  cricoarytaenoidea 

60  Lig.   cricopharyngeum 

61  Lig.   corniculopharyngeum 

62  Lig.  ventriculare 

63  Lig.  vocale 

64  (Cartilago  sesamoidea) 

65  Capsula  articularis 

cricoarytaenoidea 

66  Lig.  cricoarytaenoideum  posterius 

67  Epiglottis 

68  Petiolus  epiglottidis 

69  Tuberculum  epiglctticum 

70  Cartilago  epiglottica 

71  Lig.  thyreoepiglotticum 

72  Lig.  hyoepiglotticum 

73  Cartilago  cuneiformis  {_Wrisbergij_ 

74  Tuberculum  cuneiformis  (V/risbergij. 

75  Tuberculum  corniculatum  "" 

* Santoriri] 

76  Musculi  larvngis 

77  M.  aryepiglotticus 

78  M.  cricothyreoideus 

79  Pars  recta 


SPLANCHNOLOGY 


37. 


1  Pars  obliqua 

2  La.  cricoarytaenoideus  posterior 

3  (M»  ceratocricoideus) 

4  M.  craco&rytaencideus  lateralis 

5  M.  vent-ricularis 

6  M.  vocalis 

7  M.   thyreoepiglotticus 

8  M.  thyreoarytaenoideus  j_externusj 

9  M.  arytaenoxdeus   obiiquus 

10  M.  aryxaenoideus  transversus 

H  SLYEE.  laryngis 
Vallecula  apiglottiea 
Aditus  laryngis 
Vestibulum  laryngis 
Rima  vestibuli 
Labium  vocal e 
Glottis 
Rima  glottidis 

19  Pars  ir.termernbranacea 

20  Pars   intercartilaginea 

21     Ventriculus   laryngis  L-iurgagniiJ 
22     Appendix  ventriculi  laryngis 

23  Tunica  mucosa  laryngis 

24  Membrana  eiastica  laryngis 

25     Gonus   elrsticus 
Plica  glcsscepj  glottica  mediana 
Plica   glosscepiglottica  lateralis 
Plica  aryepiglottica 
Plica     nervi  laryngei 
Plica  ventricularis 
Plica  vocalis 

32     Macula   flava 
Aditus   glottidis   inferior 
Aditus   glottidis   superior 
Incisura  interarytaenoidea 
Gl.   laryngeae 

37  Gl.  laryngeae  anteriores 

38  Gl-  laryngeae  mediae 

39  Gl.  laryngeae  posteriores 
Noduli  lymphatici  laryngei 


41  TRACHEA  ET  BRONCHI 

42  Cartilagines  trachealcs    _. 

43  Ligg.  annularia  £trachealiaj 

44  Paries  msmbranncea 

45  Gl„  tracheales 

46  Bifurcatio  tracheae 

47  Bronchus  ^dexter  et  sinisterj 

48  Rami  bronchiales 

49  Ramus  bronchialis  eparterialis 

50  Rami  bronchiales  hyparteriales 

51  Tunica  muscularis 

52  Tela  submucosa 

53  Tunica  mucosa 

54  Gl.  tracheales 

55  Gl. bronchiales 

55  PULIaO 

57  Basis  pulmonis 

58  Apex  pulmonis 

59  Sulcus  subclavius 

60  Facie s  costal is 

61  Facies  mediastinalis 

62  Facies  diaphragmatica 

63  Mai  go  anterior 
G4  Margo  inferior 

65  Hilus  pulmonis 

66  Radix  pulmonis 

67  Incisura  cardiaca 

68  Lobus  superior 

69  Lobus  medius 

70  Lobus  inferior 

71  Incisura  interlobaris 

72  Lobuli  pulmonum 

73  Rami  bronchiales 

74  Bronchi oil 

75  Bronchi oJ  i  respiratorii 

76  Ductuii  alveolares 

77  Alveoli  pulmonum 

78  Lymphoglandulae  bronchiales 

79  Noduli  lymphatic!  bronchiales 

80  Lymphoglandulae  pulmonales 


SPLANCHNOLOGY 


38 


1  GAVUM  THORACIS 

2  Fascia  endothoracica 

3  C  a  v  u  m     pleurae 

4  Pleura 

5  Cupula  pleurae 

6  Pleura  pulmonalis 

7  Pleura  parietalis 

3  Pleura  mediastinalis 

9  Laminae  mediastinales 
10  Pleura  pericardiaca 
Pleura  cos talis 
Pleura  diaphragmatiea 
Sinus  pleurae 

14  Sinus  phrenicoccstalis 

15  Sinus  costomediastinalis 
Lig.  pulmonale 
Plicae  adiposae 
Villi  pleurales 
Septum  mediastinale 


11 
12 


20  Cavum  mediastinale  anterius 

21  Cavum  mediastinale  posterius 

22  GL.  THYREOIDEA 

23  Isthmus  gl.  thyreoideae 

2i  (Lob us  pyramidalis) 

25  Lob  us  jdexter  et  sinister^ 

26  Lobuli  gl .  thyreoideae 

27  Stroma  gl.  thyreoideae 

28  (Gl.  thyreoideae  accessoriae) 

29  (Gl.  thyreoidea  accessoria  supra* 
hyoidea) 

30  GLOMUS  CAROTICUM 

31  THYMUS     ^ 

32  Lobus  [dexter  et  sinisterj 

33  Tractus  centralis 

34  Lobuli  thymi 


35       APPARATUS 
36     QRGANA  UROPOETICA 
37     Ren 


38  Margo  lateralis 

39  Mar  go  medialis 

40  Hilus   renalis 

41  Sinus  renalis 

42  Facies  anterior 

43  Facies  posterior 

44  Extremitas   superior 

45  Extremitas   inferior 
45      (impressio  muscularis) 

47  (impressio  hepatica) 

48  (impressio   gastrica) 

49  Capsula  adiposa 

50  Tunica  fibrosa 

5JL     Tunica  muscularis 
52     Tubuli  renales 

53     Tubuli  renales   contorti 


URO  GEN.  I  TALIS 

54     Tubuli  renales  recti 

55  Substantia  corticalis 

56  Substantia  medullaris 

57  Lobi  renales  .. 

58  Pyramides  renales  ^MalpighiiJ 

59  Basis  pyramidis 

60  Papillae  renales 
51  Area  cribrosa 

62  Foramina  papillaria     __ 

63  Columnae  renales  jTBertiniJ 

64  Lobuli  corticales   _  -j 

_>65  Pars  radiata  [Processus  Ferreinif 

66  Pars  convoluta      - 

67  Corpuscula  renis  ^Malpighii] 

68  GloKeruli 

69  Capusla  glomeruli 

70  Pelvis     renalis 

71  Calyces  renales 


SPLANCHNOLOGY 


39, 


10 
11 
12 


14 


20 
21 
22 

23 


27 
23 


1  Calyces  renales  majores 

L3  Calyces  renales  minores 
Gl.  pelvis  renalis 

4  Arteriae  renis 
Aa«  interlobares  renis 
*S    Arteriae  arciformes 
7  Arteriae  interlobulares 

8  Vas  afferens 

9  Vas  efferens 
Rami  capsulares 
Arteriolae  rectae 

Aa.  nutriciae  pelvis  renali3 


13 


mae  renis 


Vv.  interlobares 

15  Venae  arciformes 

16  Venae  interlobulares 

17  Venae  interlobulares 

18  Venae  stellatae 

19  URETER 
Pars  abdominalis 
Pars  pelvina 
Tunica  adventitia 
Tunica  muscularis 

24  Stratum  externum 

25  Stratum  medium 

2  5  Stratum  internum 
Tunica  mucosa 
Gl.  mucosae  ureteris 


38  Stratum  medium 

39  Stratum  internum 

40  M.  pubovesicalis 

41  M.  rectovesicalis 

42  Tela  sub mucosa 

43  Tunica  mucosa 

44  Gl.  vesicales 

45  Noduli  lymphatic!  vesicales 

46  Trigonum  vesicae  ^LieutaudiJ 

47  Uvuala  vesicae 

48  Plica  ureterica 

49  Orificium  ureteris 

50  Orificium  urethrae  internum 

51  Annulus  urethralis 

52  GLANDULA  SUPRARENALIS 

53  Substantia  corticalis 

54  Substantia  medullaris 

55  Hilus  gl.  suprarenalis 

56  Facies  anterior 

57  Facies  posterior 

58  Basis  gl .  suprarenalis       -• 

59  Apex  suprarenalis  fgl-  dextraej 

60  Mar go  superior 

61  Mar go  me dial is 

62  Vena  centralis 

63  (Gl.  suprarenales  accessoriae) 

64  ORGANA  GENITALIA 
65  ORGANA  GENITALIA  VIRILIA 


29  VESICA  URINARIA 

30  Vertex  vesicae 

31  Corpus  vesicae 

32  Fundus  vesicae 

33  Lig.  umbilicale  medium 

34  Urachusx 

35  Tunica  serosa 

36  Tunica  muscularis 

37     Stratum  externum 


66     Testis 

67  Extremitas  superior 

68  Extremitas  inferior 

69  Facies  lateralis 

70  Facies  medialis 

71  Margo  anterior 

72  Margo  posterior 

73  Tunica  albuginea  „  „| 

74  Mediastinum  testi  |Corpus  Highmori  | 

75  Septula  testis 


SPLANCHNOLOGY 


40 


Lobuli  testis 
Parenchyma  testis 
Tubuli  seminiferi  contort! 
Tubuli  seminiferi  recti 

5  Tunica  propria 
Rete  testis  fliailerij 
Ductuli^ef ferentes  testis 
Sperma  (  Semen} 
E  p  i  d  i  i.  y'm   i  3 
Caput  epididymides 
Corpus  epididymides 
Cauda  epididymidis 
Lobuli  epididymidis 
Ductus  ej.ididymidis 
Ductuli  aberrantes 
(Ductulus  aberrans  superior) 
Appendices  testis 

18  Appendix  testis  |j',lorgagnidJ 

19  (Appendix  epididymis) 
Paradidymis 
Ductus     deferens 
Anroulla  ductus  deferentis 

2,3  Diverticula  ampullae 

24  Tunica  adventitia 

25  Tunica  muscularis 

2  6  Stratum  externum 
27  Stratum  medium 
23  Stratum  internum 
2  9  Tunica  mucosa 
Ductus  e jaculatorius 


3  9  Tunica  vaginalis  propria  testis 

40  Lamina  parietalis 

41  Lamina  visceralis 

42  Lig„  epididymidis  superius 

43  Lig.  epididymidis  inferius 

44  Sinus  epididymidis 

45  Tunica  vaginalis  communis  ^testis 

et  funiculi  spermaticij 

46  M.  cremaster 

47  Fascia  cremasterica  fbooperij 

48  Descensus  testis*   ^     ^ 

49  Gubernaculum  testis  IHunterijx 

50  Prostata 

51  Easis  prostatae 

52  Apex  prostatae 

53  Facies  anterior 

54  Facies  posterior        « 

55  Lobus  fjlexter  et  sinisterj 

56  Isthmus  prostatae 

57  (Lobus  medius) 
58  Corpus  glandulare 

60  Succus  prostaticus 

61  M.  prostaticus 

62  Glanduia  bulbourethralis  CCowperiJ 

63  Corpus  gl.  bulbourethralis 

64  Ductus  excretorius 

65     PARTES  GENITALES  EXTERNAE 


31      Vesicula   seminalis 

32  Corpus  vesiculae  seminalis 

33  Tunica  adventitia 
3-1-     Tunica  muscularis 

35  Tunica  mucosa 

36  Ductus   excretorius 

37  Funiculus  spermaticus  et  tunicae 
testis  et  funiculi  sprematici 
38   (Rudimentum  processus  vaginalis) 


66  PENIS 

67  Radix  penis 

68  Corpus  penis 

69  Crus  penis 

70  Dorsum  penis 

71  Facies  urethralis 

72  Glans  penis 

73  Corona  glandis 

74  Septum  glandis 

75  Collum  glandis 


SPLANCHNOLOGY 


41. 


1  Praeputium 

2  Frenulum  praeputii 

3  Raphe  penis 

4  Corpus  cavernosum  penis 

5  Corpus  cavernosum  urethrae 
5  E ulcus  urethrae 

7  Hemisphaeria  bulbi  urethrae 
3  Septum  bulbi  urethrae 
9  Tunica  albuginea  corpcrum  caverno- 
3oruiii 

10  Septum  penis 

11  Tra.be culae  ccrporum  cavernosorum 

12  Cavernae  corporum  cavernosorum 

13  Arteriae  nelicinae 

14  Venae  cavernosas 

15.  Lig.  suspensorium  penis 

16  Fascia  penis 

17  EL.  praeputiales 
13     Smegma  praeputii 

19     URETHRA  VIR1LIS 

20  Pars     prostatic  a 

21  Crista  urethralis 

22  Coiliculus   seminalis 

23  Utriculus   prostaticus 

24  Pars     membranacea 

25  Pars     cavernosa 

26  Kossa  navicularis   urethrae 

jj-Iorgagniij 

27  (Valvula   fossae   navicularis) 

28  Orificium  urethrae   externum 

29  Lacunae   urethrales  TMorgagniiJ 

30  Gl.  urethrales  rLittreif 

31     SCROTUM 

32  Raphe  scroti 

33  Septum  scroti 

34  Tunica  dartos 


i  JGraafi! 


3J>.  Faeiee  lateralis 

40  iiir^o  liber 

liar  go  mesovaricus 
Extremitas  tubaria 
Sxtremitas  uterina 
Stroma  ovarii 
Folliculi  oophori  primarii 
Folliculi  cophori  vesiculos 
Theca  folliculi 

48  Tunica  externa 

49  Tunica  interna 
Liquor  folliculi 
Stratum  granulosus! 
Cumulus  cophorus 

53  Ovulum 
Corpus  lute urn 
Corpus  albicans 
Lig.  ovarii  proprium 

57  Tuba  uterina  fFalloppiij 
Ostium  abdominale  tubae  uterinae 
Infundibulum  tubae  uterinae 
Fimbriae  tubae 

61  Fimbria  ovarica 
Ampulla  tubae  uterinae 
Istnmus  tubae  ut§rinae 
Pars  uterina 
Ostium  uterinum  tubae 
Tunica  serosa 
Tunica  adventitia 
Tunica  r muscularis 

69  Stratum  longitudinale- 

70  Stratum  circulare 
Tela  submucosa 
Tunica  muscosa 
Plicae  tubariae 

74  Plicae  ampullares 

75  Plicae  isthmicae 


41 
42 

43 
44 
45 
46 
47 


50 
51 
52 

54 
55 
56 


58 
59 

60 

62 
63 
64 
65 
66 
57 
63 


71 
72 

73 


35     ORGANA  GENITALIA  LIULIE3RIA 

36     Ovarium 

37  Hilus  ovarii 

38  Facies  medialis 


77 


76  Uterus 
Corpus  uteri 


SPLANCHNOLOGY 


42. 


•1  Fundus  uteri 

2  Mar go  lateralis 

3  Facies  vesicalis 

4  Facies  intestinalis 

5  Cavum  uteri 

5  Orificium  internum  uteri 
7  Cervix  uteri        „ 
3  Portio  stipravaginalis  |j;ervicisl 
S  Portio  vaginalis  fcervicisj 
LO  Orificium  externum  uteri 

11  Labium  airterius 

12  Labium  postering 
Car.aiis  cervicis  uteri 
Plicae  palmatae  ___    _ 
61.  cervicales  iuterij 
Per  i.<"  atrium    .»         -. 
Tunica  serosa  j Perimetrium  \ 
Tunica  muscular is 
Tunica  muscularis  cervicis 
Tunica  mucosa 

21  Gl.  uterinaS 
M.  rectouterinus 
Lig.  teres  uteri 
(Processus  vaginalis  peritonaei) 

25  Vagina 
Fornix  vaginae 
Paries  anterior 
Paries  posterior 
Hymen  femininus 
Carunculae  hymenals s 
Tunica  muscularis 
Tunica  mucosa 

Noduli  lymphatici  vaginales 
Rugae  vaginales 
Columnae  rugarum 
3  5  Golumna  rugarum  posterior 

37  Golumna  rugarum  anterior 

38  Carina  urethralis  rvaginaej 

3  9  Epoophoron 
Ductus, epoophori  longitudinalis 
fGartneri'l 


41  Ductuli  transversa       -i 
42  Appendices  vesiculosi  ^Morgagniij 

43  Paroophoron 

44  PARTES  GENITALES  EXTERNAE 

45  Pudendum  muliebre 

46  Labium  majus  pudendi 

47  Commissura  labiorum  anterior 

48  Commissura  labiorum  posterior 

49  Frenulum  labiorum  pudendi 

50  Rima  pudendi      _  -* 

51  Fossa  navicularis  \_vestibuli  vaginae  j 

52  Labium  minus  pudendi 

53  Vestibulum  vaginae 

54  Bulbus  vestibuli 

55  Gl.  sebaceae 

56  Gl.  vestibulares  minores 

57  Orificium  vaginae 

58     Gl.   vestibularis  major  iBartholinij 

59     CLITORIS 

60  Crus  clitoridis 

61  Cornus  clitoridis 

62  Gl&no  clitoridis 

63  Frenulum  clitoridis 

64  Praeputium  clitoridis 

65  Smegma  clitoridis 

66  Corpus  cavernosum  clitoridis 

67  Septum  corporum  cavernosorum 

68  Fascia  clitoridis 

69  Lig.  suspensorium  vlitoridis 

70  URETHRA  MULIEBRIS 

71  Orificium  urethrae  externum 

72  Corpus  spongiosum  urethrae 

73  Tunica  muscularis 

74  Stratum  circulare 

75  Stratum  longitudinale 

76  Tunica  submucosa 

77  Tunica  mucosa 


SPLANCHNOLOGY 


43,. 


12 
13 
14 
15 
16 


18 
19 
20 
21 

23 
24 

26 


32 
33 

34 
35 
36 

37 


1     Gl*   urethrales 
Crista  urethralis 
(Ductus  paraurethrals ) 
Termini     ontogenetici 
Membranae  deciduaex 

6  Decidua  verax 

7  Decidua  capsularisx 
3  Decidua  basalis* 

rlacentax 

10  Placenta  uterinax 

11  Placenta   foetalisx 
Funiculus   unibilicalisx 
Corpus  VIo  iffix 

Ductus  ¥olffix 
Ductus  Muellerix 
Sinus   urogenitalisx 

17     PERINEUM 
Raphe  perinei 

Musculi     perinei 
Diaphragm  a     pelvis 
M.  levator  ani 

22     Arcus  tendineus  r.i.   levatoris  ani 
M.  coccygeus  |_vide   p»  25J 
M.   sphincter  ani  externus 

25     Lig,  anococcygeuin 
Fascia  pelvis 

27  Fascia  endopelvina 

28  Fascia  diaphragmatis  pelvis 

superior 

29  Arcus  tendineus   fasciae   pelvis 

30  Lig.   puboprostaticum 

rpubovesicalej-  medium 

31  Lig*  puboprostaticum 

fpubovesicale}  laterale 
Fascia  diaphragmatis  pelvis  inverior 
Diaphra  gma 

uro  genitale 
M.  transversus  perinei  profundus 
M.  sphincter  urethrae  membranaceae 
Fascia  diaphragmatis  urogenitalis 

superior 
Fascia  diaphragmatis  urogenitalis 

inferior 


38  Lig.  transversum  pelvis 

30  Fascia  prostatae 

40  Fascia  obturatoria 

41  Fossa  ischiorectalis 

42  U±   transversus  perinei 

superficialis 

43  E,  ischiocavernosus 

44  M.  bulbocavernosus 

45  Fascia  superficialis  perinei 

46  PERITONAEUM 

47  Tunica  serosa 

48  Tela  subserosa 

49  Peritonaeum  parietale 

50  Peritonaeum  viscerale 

51  Cavum  peritonaei 

52  Mesenterium  communex 

53  Mesenterium 

54  Radix  mesenterii 
56  Mesocolon 

57  Mesocolon  transversum 

58  Mesocolon  ascendens 

59  Mesocolon  descendens 

60  Mesocolon  sigmoideum 
51  Mesorectum 

62  Mesenteriolum  processus 

vermif ormis 

63  Mesogastriumx 

64  Omentum  minus 

65  Lig.  hepatogastricum 

66  Lig.  hepatoduodenale 

67  (Lig.  hepatocolicum) 

68  Lig.  gastrolienale 

69  Lig.  gastrocolicua 

70  Omentum  ma jus 

71  Bursa  omentalis 

72  Vestibulum  bursas  omentalis 

73  Recessus  superior  omentalis 

74  Recessus  inferior  omentalis 

75  Recessus  lienalis 

76  Plica  gastropancreatica     . 

77  Foramen  ipiploicum  {[Winslowij 


SPLANCHNOLOGY 


44, 


1  Lig.  phrenicocolicum 

2  LIg.  phrenic olienale 

3  Lig.  falciforme  he pat is 

4  Lig.  eorcnarium  hepatis 

5  Lig.  triangulare  dextrum 

6  Lig.  triangulare  sinistrum 

7  Lig.  he-pat orenaie 

3  (Lig.  ducdenorenale) 

9  Recessus  duodenoje junalis 

10  Plica  duodenoje junalis 

11  (Plica  duodenomesocoiica) 

12  Recessus  inters igmoideus 

13  Recessus  iliocaecalis  superior 

14  Recessus  iliocaecallis  inferior 

15  Plica  iliocaecalis 

16  Fossa  caecalis 

17  Recessus  retrocaecalis 

18  Plica  caecalis 

19  Recessus  paracolici 

20  (Fossa  iliacosubfascialis) 


21  (Recessus  phrenicohepatici) 

22  Plica  unbilicalis  media 

23  Plica  umbilicalis  lateralis 

24  Plica  epigastrica 

25  Plica  pubovesicalis 

26  Plica  vesicalis  transversa 

27  Mesorchiumx 

28  Frocessus  vaginalis  peritonaeix 

29  Lig.  latum  uteri 

30  Mesometriuai 

31  Mesosalpinx 

32  Me s ovarium 

33  Bursa  ovarica 

34  Lig.  suspensorium  ovarii    _ 

35  Plica  rectouterina  fDouglasi] 

36  Excavatio  rectouterina  ]_Cavum 

Douglasij- 

37  Excavatio  vesicouterina 

38  Excavatio  rectovesicalis 

39  Spatium  rstroperitonasale 


AIIGTOLOGY 


45. 


2  Vas  collaterals 

3  Vas  anastomoticum 

4  Ramus  communicans 

5  Plexus  vascuiosus 

6  Rete  vasculosum 

7  Rete  mirabile 

8  Arteria 

9  Arteriola 
Vena 

Vena  cutanea 
Vena  comitans 
Venula 

Plexus  venosus 
Rete  ve-nosum 
Sinus   fyenosusj 


1     ANGIOLOGIA 

17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 

32     G  0  R 


Ends  sari urn 

Corpus   cavernosum 

Vas  capillare 

Vas  lymphatic um 

Plexus   lymphaticus 

Lyiapho  gland  ula 

Modulus  lymphaticus 

Cisterna  n 

Tunica  externa  ^adventitia j 

Tunica  media 

Tunica  intima 

Vasa  vasorum 

Vagina  vasorum 

Sanguis 

Lympha 


33  Basis  cordis 

34  Facies  sternocostalis 

35  Faciss  diaphragmatica 

36  Apex  cordis 

37  Incisure,  fapicisj  cordis 
Sulcus  longitudinalis  anterior 
Sulcus  longitudinalis  posterior 
Sulcus  coronarius 
Pericardium 
Liquor  pericardii 
Ligg.  sterncpericardiaca 
Sinus  transversus  pericardii 
Epicardium 
Myocardium 
Endocardium 
Ventriculus  cordis 


49 


52 
53 

54 

56 
57 
58 
59 
60 
61 
62 
63 


Septum  ventriculorum 

50  Septum  musculare  ventriculorum 

51  Septum  membranaceum  ventricu- 

lorum 
Atrium  cordis 
Auricula  cordis 
Septum  atriorum 

55  Pars  membranacea  septi  atriorum 
Ostium  venosum 
Ostium  arteriosum 
Trabeculae  carneae 
Vortex  cordis 
Mm,  papillares 
Chordae  tendineae 
Trigona  fibrosa 
Annuli  fibrosi 


AETIOLOGY 


46. 


14 


18 
19 


1     ATRIUM  DEXTRUM 
Mm",  pectinati 

Sulcus  termirialls  atrii  dexti 
Crista  terminals 

inarutn 


Sr.nus 

Limb us   fossae  ovalis  £yieussenii\ 

Auricula  dextra 

8  Tuberculum  intervenosum  jjjjowerij. 

9  Valvula  venae   cavae  &  inferioris, 

Eusiachiij- 

10  Fossa   ovalis  .»  ^ 

11  Valvula  sintis  coronarii  |jlhebesiij 

12  Foramina   venarura  ninimarum 

^ThebeeiiJ 


13      VSNTRICULUS   DEXTER 
Valvula  trieuspidalis 

15  Guspis  anterior 

16  C us pis  posterior 

17  Cuspis  medialis 
Crista  supera ventricular is 
Conus  arteriosus 


20 


24 
25 


Valvulae   seirdlunares  a.  pulmonalis 

21  Valvula  semilunaris  anterior 

22  Valvula  semilunaris  de:;tra 

23  Valvula  semil  unaris  sinistra 
Noduli  valvularum  serailunarium 
Lunulae  valvularum  s&milunarium 


26  ATRIUM  SINISTRUM 

27  Auricula  sinistra 

28  Valvula  foraminis  ovalis 

29  VENTRICULUS  SINISTER 
30  Valvula  bicuspidalis  jmitralisf 

31  Cuspi3  anterior 

32  Cuspis  posterior 

33  Valvulae  semilunares  aortae 

34  Valvula  semilunaris  posterior 

35  Valvula  semilunaris  dextra 

36  Valvula  semilunaris  sinistra 

37  Noduli  jyalvularum  semilunar! um 

rArantiiJ 

38  Lunulae   valvularum  semilunar ium 


39       ARTERIAE 


40  A.  PULMONALIS 
Ramus  dexter 

Ramus  sinister    _.      ~ 
Ductus  arteriosus  |_Botalli|x 
Ligamentum  arteriosus 

45  ACRTA 
Aorta  ascendens 
Bulb  us  aortae  _        *, 
Sinus  aortae  [^Valsalvae-  \ 
Arcus  aortae 
Isthmus  aortae 
Aorta  descendens 
A.  ccronaria  jcordisi  dextra 
53  Ramus  descendens  posterior 


54  A.  coronaria  |bordisj  sinistra 

55  Ramus  circumflexus 

56  Ramus  descendens  anterior 

57  A.  ANONYMA 
58  (A.  thyreoidea  ima) 

59  A.  CAROTIS  COMMUNIS 

60  A,  CAROTIS  EXTERNA 
61  A.  thyreoidea  superior 

62  Ramus  hyoideus 

63  Ramus  sternocleidomastoideus 

64  A.  laryngea  superior 

65  Ramus  circothyreoideus 


ANGIOLOGY 


48. 


1  Aa.  ciliares  anteriores 

2  Aa  .  conjunctivales  anteriores 

3  Aa.  conjunctivales  posteriori 

4  Aa.  episclerales 

5  A.  supraorbitalis 

6  A.  ethnoidalis  posterior 

7  A.  ethmoidalis  anterior 

8  A,  meningea  anterior 

9  Aa.  palpebrales  nediales 

10  Arcus  tareus  superior 

11  Arcus  tarseus  inferior 

12  A,  frontalis 

13  A.  dorsalis  nasi 

14  Aa.  cerebri 

15  A.  cornmunicans  posterior 

16'  A.  choriojdea 

17  A.  cerebri  anterior 

18  A.  cornmunicans  anterior 

19  A.  cerebri  media 

20  A.  SUBC1AVIA 

21  A.  vertebralis 

22  Rami  spinales 

23  A.  spinalis  posterior 

24  A.  spinalis  anterior 

25  Ramus  meningeus 

26  A.  cerebelli  inferior  posterior 

27  A.  basilaris 

28  A.  cerebelli  inferior  anterior 

29  A.  auditiva  interna 

30  Rani  ad  pontern 

31  A.  cerebelli  superior 

32  A.  cerebri  posterior       ^ 

33  Circulus  arteriosus  fWIllisil 

34  A.  mammaria  interna 

35  Aa.  mediastinals  anteriores 

36  Aa.  thymicae 


37  Rami  bronchiales 

38  A.  pericardiac ophrenica 

39  Rami  sternales 

40  Rami  p'erf orantes 

41  Rami  marrrmarii 

42  Rami  musculares 

43  Rami  cutanei 

44  (Ramus  costalis  lateralis} 

45  Rami  intercostales 
4S  A.  muscul ophrenica 

47  A.  epigastrica  superior 

48  Truncus  thyreocervicaiis 
49  A.  thyreoidea  inferior 

50  A.  laryngea  inferior 

51  Rami  pharyngei 

52  Rami  oesophagei 

53  Rami  tracheales 

54  Rami  gland ulares 

55  A.  cervicalis  ascendens 

55  Rami  spinales 
57  Rami  musculares 

58  Ramus  profundus 

59  A.  cervicalis  superficialis 

60  A.  transversa  scapulae 
61  Ramus  acromialis 

62  Truncus  ccstocervicalis 
63  A.  intercostalis  suprema 

64  Rami  dorsales 

65  Rami  spinales 

66    A.  cervicalis  profunda 

67  A.  transversa  colli 

68  Ramus  ascendens 

69  Ramus  descendens 

70  A.  AXILLARIS 
71  Rami  subscapulares 


AKGIQLOGY 


49. 


1  A.  thoracalis  suprema 

2  A»  •thoraeoacromialis 

3  Ramus  aeromialis 

4  Rste  acromiale 

5  Ramus  dsltiodeus 

6  Rami  pectorales 

'   4,  - .  jj^.9  r?-i':4A^£.  J^L^  raj-  -  5 
8  Rami  rnamiaarii  externi 

10  A.  thoraco-ao.r3F.lis 
11  A0  circumflexa  scapulae 

^■2  A.  circumflexa  humeri  anterior 

13  A.  circumflexa  humeri  posterior 

14  BRACHL-J.IS 
1 5  A.  pr ofuyic.a  brachii 

16  Aa.  nutritiae  humeri 

17  R.  deltoideus 

18  A,  collateralis  media 

19  A.  collateralis  radialis 

2 0  A.  collateralis  ulnaris  superior 
21  A.  collateralis,  ulnaris  inferior 

22  A.  PADIALIS 

23  A.  recurrens  radiaJ.it 

24  Rami  musculares 

25  Ramus  carpeus  volaris 

26  Ramus  volaris  superficiaiis 

27  Ramus  carpeus  dorsalis 

28  Rete  carpi  dorsaie 

29  Aa.  metacarpeae  dorsales 

30  Aa.  digitales  dorsales 

31  A.  princeps  pollicis 

32  A.  volaris  indicis  radialis 

33  Arcus  volaris  profundus 

34  Aa.  metacarpeae  volares 

35  Rami  perforantes 


3  6     A.   ULNftRIS 

37  Aa.   recurrences  ulnares 

38  Rste  artieulare   cubiti 

39  Ar   interossea  communis 

40  A.   interossea  dorsalis 

41  A.  interossea  recurrens 

42  A„  interossea  volaris 

43  A.  mediana 

44  Rami  musculares 

45  Ramus  carpeus  dorsalis 

46  Ramus  carpeus  volaris 

47  Ramus  volaris  profundus 

48  Arcus  volaris  superficiaiis 

49  Aa.  digitales  volares  communes 

50  Aa.  digitales  volares  prcpriae 

51     AORTA  TKORACALIS 
52     Rami     viscerales 

53  Aa.  bronchiales 

54  Aa.  oesophageae 

55  Rami  pericardlaci 

56  Rami  pari  e  tales 

57  Rami  mediastinals 

58  Aa.  phrenicae  superiores 

59  Aa.,  intercostales 
60  Rami  posteriorss 

61  Ramus  spiralis 

62  Rami  musculares 

63  Ramus  cutaneus  medialis 

64  Ramus  cutaneus  lateralis 
65  Rami  anxeriores 

66  Rami  musculares 

67  Rami  cutanei  laterales 

pectorales  et  abdominales 

68  Ramus  posterior 


ANGIOLOGY 


50. 


1  Ramus  anterior 

2  Rami  nammarii  late  rales 

3  Rami  cutanei  anterioresjpjecto- 
rales  tt  abdominaleej 
4  Rami  mammarii  meciiales 

5     AORTA  ABBOMINALIS 
6     Rami     parietales 

7  A.  phrenica  inferior 
8  Rami  suprarenales  superiores 

9     Aa.  lumbales 
IV    Ra^us  dor talis 
11     Ramus  spinalis 

12     A .    sacralis  media 
13     A.  lumbalis  ima 
14.  Glomus   coccygeum 

15     Rami     viscerales 

16     A.   cosliaca 

17  A.      gastrica     sinistra 

18  Rami  oesophagei 

19  A.     hepatica 

20  A.  gastrica  dextra 

21  A.  hepatica  propria 

22  Ramus  dexter 

23  A.  cystica 

24  Ramus  sinister 
25  A.  gastroduodenalis 

26  A.  pancreatic oduoden.  superior 

27  Rami  pancreatici 

28  Rami  duodenales 

29     A.    gastroepiploica  dextra 
30     Rami  epiploic! 

31  A.     lienalis 

32  Rand  pancreatici 

33  A.  gastrtoepiploica  sinistra 

34  Aa.   gastricae  breves _ 

35  Rami  lianales 


36  A,  mesenterica  superior 
37  Aa.  intestinales 

38  A.  pancreatic oduodenalis 

inferior 

39  Aa.    jejunales 

40  Aa.  ileae 

41  A.  ileocolica 

42  A,  appendicularis 

43  A.  colica  dextra 

44  A.  colica  media 


••  45 


nesentevica  inferior 


46  A.  colica  sinistra 

47  Aa.  sigmoidsae 

48  A.  haemorrhoxdalis  superior 

49  A.  suprarenalis  media 

50  A.  renalis 
51  A.  suprarenalis  inferior 

52  A.  speritatica  interna 

53  A.  testicularis 

54  A.  ovarica 

55  A.  ILIACA  COMMUNIS 

56     A.  HYPOGASTRICA 
57     Rami     parietales 

58  A.  iliolumbalis 

59  Ramus  lumbalis 

60  Ramus  spinalis 

61  Ramus  iliacus 

62  A.  sacralis  lateralis 
63  Rami  spinales 

64  A.  obturatoria 

65  Ramus  pubicus 

66  Ramus  anterior 

67  Ramus  posterior 

68  A.  acetabuli 


ANGIOLOGY 


51. 


1  A.  glutaea  superior 

2  Pvamus  superior 

3  Ratals  inferior 

4     A.   glutaea  inferior 
5     A.  comitans  n.  ischiadic! 

6     Rami     visceral  es 

7     A.  umbilicalis 
8.    Aa.  vesicales  superiores 
9     fLigamentum  umbilicale  lateralej 


10 


vesicalis  inferior 


11  A.  defsrentialis 

12  A.  uterina 

13  A.  vaginalis 

14  Ramus  ovarii 

15  Ramus  tubarius 

16  A.  haemorrhoidalis  media 


A.  pudenda  interna. 

haemorrhoidalis  inferior 

perinei 

,  scrotales  postericres 
.  labiales  posteriores 

penis 

urethralis 

bulbi  urethras         - 

bulbi  ve-stibuli  j- vaginae! 

profunda  penis 

dorsalis  penis 

clitoridis 

profunda  clitcridis 

dorsalis  clitoridis 

31  A.  ILIACA  EXTERNA. 


17 

18 

A. 

19 

A. 

20 

Aa 

21 

Aa 

22 

n 

23 

A. 

24 

A. 

25 

A. 

25 

A. 

27 

A. 

28 

A. 

29 

A . 

30 

5 

35  A-  spermatica  externa 

36  A.  lig  teretis  uteri 

37  A.  circumflexa  ilium  profunda 

38  A.  FEMORALIS 

39  A.  epigastrica  superficialis 

40  A.  circumflexa  ilium  superficialis 

41  Aa.  pudendae  externae 

42  Aa.  scrotales  anteriores 

43  Aa.  labiales  anteriores 

44  Rami  inguinales 

45  A.  profunda  femorie 

46  A.  circumflexa  femoris  medialis 

47  Ramus  superficialis 

48  Ramus  profundus 

49  Ramus  acetabuli 

50  A.  circumflexa  femoris  lateralis 

51  Ramus  ascendens 

52  Ramus  descendens 

53  A.  perf orans  prima 

54  A.  nutritia  femoris  superior 

55  A.  perforans  secunda 

56  A.  perforans  tertia 

57  A.  nutritia  femoris  inferior 

58  Rami  musculares 

59  A.  genu  suprema 

60  Rami  musculares 

61  Ramus  saphenus 

62  Rami  articulares 

63  A.  POPLITEA 

54  A.  genu  superior  lateralis 

65  A.  genu  superior  medialis 

66  A.  genu  media 

67  Aa.  surales 

68  A.  genu  inferior  lateralis 

69  A.  genu  inferior  medialis 

70  Rete  articulare  genu 

71  Rete  patellae 


32     A.   epigastrica  inferior 
53     Ramus  pubicus 

34     Ramus   oblauratorius 


ANGiTCLOBY 


52. 


1  A.  tibialis "anterior  18 

2  vA.  recurrens  tibialis  posterior)  19 

3  A.  recurrens  tibialis  anterior  20 

4  A.  roalleolaris  anterior  lateralis  21 

5  A.  malleolaris  anterior  medialis  22 

6  Rete  malleoiare  mediale  23 

7  Rete  nalleoiare  laterale  24 

8  A.  dorsalis  pedis  25 

9  A.  tarsea  lateralis  26 

10  Aa.  tarseae  mediales  27 

11  A.  arcuata.  28 

12  Ret.©  drr^cle  pcdic 

13  Aa,  neta tarseae  dorsales 

14  Aa.  digi tales  dorsales  31 

15  Ramus  plantaris  profundus  32 

33 

16  A. tibialis  posterior  34 

17  Ramus  fibularis  3  5 


A.  peronaea 

A.  nutrifcia  fibulae 

Ramus  perforans 

Ramus  communicans 

A.  malleolaris  posterior  lateralis 

Rami  calcanei  laterales 

A.  nutritia  tibiae 

A.  malleolaris  posterior  medialis 

Rami  calcanei  mediales 

Rete  calcaneiaa 

A.  plantaris  medialis 

29  Reus- if-  pvefu2jdu3 

30  Ramus  superf icialis 
A.  plantaris  lateralis 
Arc us  plantaris 

Aa.  metatarseae  plantares 

Rami  perforantes 

Aa.  digi tales  plantares 


36   V  S  N  A  E 


37  VENAE  PULMONALE S 

38  Vv.  puJmonales  dextrae 

39  Vv,  pulmonale s  sinistrae 

40  VV.  CORDIS 

41  Sinus  coronarius 

42  V.  cordis  magna 

43  V.  posterior  ventriculi  sinistri 

44  V.  obliqua  atrii  sinistri 

[Marshall^ 

45  Lig.  v.  cavae  sinistrae 

46  V.  cordis  media 

47  V.  cordis  parva 

48  Vv.  cordis  anteriores 

49  Vv.  cordis  minimae 


54  Plexus  thyreoideus  impar 

55  V.  laryngea  inferior 

56  Vv,.  thymicae 

57  Vv,  pericardiacae 

58  Vv.  phrenicae  superiores 

59  Vv.  mediastinals  anteriores 

60  Vv.  bronchiales  anteriores 

61  Vv.  tracheales 

62  Vv«  cesophageae 

63  V.  verxebralis 

64  V.  cervicalis  profunda 

65  V,  mammaria  interna 

66  Vv.  subcutaneae  abdominis 

67  V.  epigastrica  superior 

68  V.  intercostalis  suprene. 


50!  )VENA  CAVA  SUPERIOR 

51  VV.  ANONYMAE  DSXTRA  ET  SINISTRA 

52  Vv.  thyreoideae  inferiores 

53  V.  thyreoidea  ima 


69  V.  JUGULARIS  INTERNA 

70  Bulb us  venae  jugularis  superior 

71  V.  canaliculi  cobhleae 


[vidii] 


1  Bulbus  v.  jugularis  inferior 

2  Plexus  pharyngeus 

3  Vv.  pharyngeae 

4  Vve  meningeae 

5  Vv.  canalis  pterygoidei 

6  V.  lingualis 

7  Vv,  dorsales  linguae 

8  V,  sublingualis 

9  V.  comitans  n,  hypoglossi 

10  (Vv.  thyreoideae  superiores) 

11  V.  sternocleidomastoidea 

12  V.  laryngea  superior 

13  Sinus  durae  na.tr is 

14  Sinus  transversus 

15  Confluens  sinuum 

16  Vv.  auditivae  internae 

17  Sinus  occipitalis 

18  Plexus  basilaris 

19  Sinus  sagittalis  superior 

20  Sinus  sagittalis  inferior 

21  Sinus  rectus 

22  Sinus  petrosus  inferior 

23  Sinus  petrosus  superior 

24  Sinus  cavernosus 
2  5  Sinus  intercavernosus  anterior 

2  6  Sinus  intercavernosus  posterior 

27  Sinus  circularis 

28  Sinus  sphenoparietalis 

29  Venae  diploicae 

30  V.  diploica  frontalis 

31  V.  diploica  temporalis  anterior 

32  V.  diploica  temporalis  .ppo3teior 

33  V.  diploca-'  occipitalis 
34  Emissarium  parietale 

3  5  Emissarium  mastoideum 

3  6  Emissarium  condyloSdeum 

37  Emissarium  oocipitale 

38  Rete  canalis  hypoglossi 

39  Rete  foraminis  ovalis 

40  Plexus  venosus  caroticus  internus 


ANGIOLOGY 

42 

Vv. 

43 

V. 

44 

Vv, 

1       45 

Vv. 

J       46 

Vv. 

47 

Vv, 

48 

V. 

49 

V. 

50 

V. 

51 

V. 

52 

V. 

53 

V. 

54  . 

55 

V. 

56 

V. 

57 

V. 

58 

V. 

59 

Vv 

60 

Vv 

61 

Vv 

62 

Vv 

63 

V. 

64 

Vv 

65 

Vv 

P        66 

Vv 

67 

Vv 

68 

V. 

53. 


41  Venae  cerebri 
,  cerebri  superiores 

cerebri  media 
.  cerebri  inferiores 
.  cereb°lli  .superiores 
.  cerebelli  inferiores 
,  cerebri  internae 

cerebri  magna  |GaleniJ 

septi  pellucidi 

terminal is 

basalis  i_Rosenthali| 

chorioides. 

ophthalroomeningea 

J^^phthalmica  superior 

nasofrontal is 

ethmoidalis  anterior 

ethmoidalis  posterior 

lacrimalis 
.  musculares 
„  vorticoaae 
.  ciliares  posteriores 
.  ciliares  anteriores 

centralis  retinae 
.  episclerales 
.  palpebrales 

„  conjunctivales  anteriores 
.  conjunctivales  posteriores 

ot>.htbalmica  infer1'  *r 


63     V.   FACIALIS   COMMUNIS 

70     A.   facialis  anterior 

71  V.  angularis 

72  Vv.  frontalea 

73  V„  supraorbitalis 

74  Vv.  palpebrales  superiores 

75  Vv.  nasales  externae 

76  Vv.  palpebrales  inferiores 

77  V.  labialis  superior 


AlvGIOLOGY 


54. 


1  V.  labialis  inferior 

2  Vv.  masseterieae 

3  Vv.  parotideae  anteriores 

4  V.  palatina 

5  V.  submentalis 

6  V.  facialis  posterior 
7  Vv.  temporal.es  superficiales 
3  Vv.  auriculares  anteriores 
9-  Vv.  parotideae  posteriores 
Vv.  articulares  randibulae 
Vv.  tympanicae 
V.  stylomastoidea 
V.  transversa  faciei 
V.  temporalis  media 
Plexus  pterygoiieus 
Vv.  meningeae  mediae 
Vv.  temporales  profundae 
V.  thyreoidea  superior 

19  V.  JUGULARIS  EXTERNA. 

V.  occipitalis 

V.  auric ularis  posterior 

V.  jugularis  a.nterior 

Arcus  venosus  juguli 

(V.  mediana  colli) 

V.  transversa  scapulae 

26     V.   SUBCLAVTA 

27  V.  thoracoacrcmia.lis 

28  Vv.  trans versae  colli 

29  V.  AXILLARIS 

30  V.  thoracalis  lateralis 

31  Vv.  costoaxillares 

22  Vv.  thoracoepigastricae 

33  Plexus  venosus  mamillae 

34  Vv.  "Lrachiales 

35  Vv.  radiales 
3  6  Vv.  ulnar es 
37  V.  cephalica 

38  V.  cephalica  accessoria 


3  9  V.  basilica 

40  V0  mediana  cubiti 

41  (V.  mediana  antibrachii) 

42  (V.  mediana  basilica) 

43  (V.  mediana  cephalica) 

44  Rate  venosum  dorsale  nanus 

45  Vv.  intercapitulares 

46  Arcus  volaris  venosus  superf icialis 

47  Arcus  volaris  venosus  profundus 

48  Vv.  digitales  volares  communes 

49  Vv.  metacarpeae  dorsales 

50  Vv.  metacarpeae  volares 

51  Vv.  digitales  volares  propriae 

52  Arcus  venosi  digitales 

53  V.  AZYGOS 

54  V.  hemiazygos 

55  V.  hemiazygos  accessoria 
55  Vv.  intercostales 

57  Ramus  dorsalis 

58  Ramus  spinalis 

59  Vv.  cesDphageae 

60  Vv.  bronchiales  posteriores 

61  V.  lumbalis  ascendens 

62  Plexus  venosi  vertebrales  extern! 

64  Plexus  venosi  vertebrales 

anteriores 

65  Plexus  venosi  vertebrales 

posteriores 
66  Plexus  venosi  vertebrales  interni 
67  Retia  venosa  vertebrarum 

68  Sinus  vertebrales  longitudinales 

69  Vv.  intervertebrals 

70  Vv.  spinales  externae  anteriores 


ANGIOLOGY 


55. 


1  Vv.  spinales  externae  posteriores 

2  Vv.  spinales  internae 


3  V.  CAVA  INFERIOR 
4  Radices  par 
V.  phrenica  inferior 
Vv.  lumbales 


i  e  t  a  1  e  s 


7     Radices     visceral  es 
Vv.  hepaticae 
Vv.  renales 
Vv.  suprarenales 
V.  spermatica 
V.  testicularis 
V.   ovarica 
Plexus  pampinif  oriais 

15     VENA  PORTAE 

16  V.  coronaria  ventriculi 

17  V,  mesenterica  superior 

18  18  Vv.  intestinales 

19  V.  gastroepiploica  dextra 

26  Vv.  pancreaticae 

21  V.  ileoeolica 

22  Vv.  colicae  dextrae 

23  V.  colica  media 

24  Vv.  pancreaticoduodenales 

25  Vv.  duodenales 
26  V.  mesenterica  inferior 

27  V.  colica  sinistra 

28  Vv.  sigmoideae 

29  V.  haemorrhoidalis 

superior 
30     V.  lienalis 

31  Vv.   gastricae  breves 

32  V.    gastroepiploica  sinistra 

33  V.   cystica 

34  Vena  umbilicalisx 

35  Ductus  venosus  jArantiij 

36  Vv.  parumbilicales  TSappeyiJ 


37  VENA  ILIACA  COMMUNIS 

38  V.  sacralis  media 

39  V.  HYPOGASTRICA 

40  Vv.  glutaeae  superiores 

41  Vv.  glutaeae  inferiores 

42  Vv.  obturatoriae 

43  Vv.  sacrales  laterales 

44  V.  iliolumbalis 

45  Plexus  sacralir  rtritsrior 

46  Plexus  haemorrhoidalis 

47  Plexus  vesicalis 

48  Plexus  pudendal is 

49  V.  dorsalis  penis 

50  Vv.  profundae  penis 

51  V.  dorsalis  clitoridis 

52  Vv.  profundae  clitoridis 

53  Vv.  uteri nae 

54  Plexus  utero vaginalis 

55  V.  haemorrhoidalis  media 

56  Vv.  haemorrhoidales  inferiores 

57  Vv,  scrotales  posteriores 

58  V.  ILIACA  EXTERNA 

59  V.  epigastrica  inferior 

60  V.  circumflexa  ilium  profunda 

61  V,  femoralis 

62  Vv.  dorsales  penis  subcutaneae 

63  Vv.  scrotales  anteriores 

64  Vv.  pudendae  externae 

65  V.  epigastrica  superficialis 

66  V.  saphena  magna 

67  V.  eaphena  accessoria 

68  V.  circumflexa  ilium  superficialis 

69  Vv.  circumflexae  femoris  mediales 

70  Vv.  circumflexae  femoris  laterales 
.71  Vv.  comitantes 

72  Vv.  profundae  femoris 

73  Vv.  perforantes 


•     --' 


ANGIOLOGY 


56. 


1  V.  saphena  parva~  9 

2  V.  femoropoplitea  10 

3  Vv.  peronaeae  11 

4  Vv.  popliteae  12 

5  Vv.  tibiales  posteriores  13 

6  Vv.  tibiales  anteriores  14 

7  Rete  venosum  dorsaie  pedis  15 

8  Arcus  venosus  dorsalis  pedis  16 


Vv.  digi tales  communes  pedis 
Vv.  metatarseae  dorsales  pedis 
Vv.  inter capitulares 
Rete  venosuni  plantare 
Arcus  venosus  plantaris 
Vv.  metatarseae  plantare s 
Vv.  digitales  pedis  dorsales 
Vv.  digitales  plantares 


17   S  Y  S  T  E  M  A   L  Y  M  P  H  A  T  I  C  U  li 


18  VASA  LYMPHATICA 
Vasa  lymphatica  superficialia 
Vasa  lymphatica  profunda 
Truncus  jugularis 
Truncus  subclavius 
Truncus  bronchomediastinalis  dextei 
Ductus  lymphaticus  dexter 

25  Ductus  thoracicus 


26  Trunci  luinbales 

27  Truncus  intestinalis 

28  Cisterna  chyli 

29  Lympho  glandulae 
Vasa  afferentia 
Vasa  efferentia 
Substantia  corticalis 
Substantia  medullaris 
Hilus 
Lymphoglandulae  occipitales 

"  auriculares  posteriores 

w  auriculares  anteriores 

n  submaxillares 

"   faciales  profundae 

"  parotideae 

"  cervicales  superficiales 


42  Lyraphoglandulae  cervicales  profundae 

superiores 

43  "  cervicales  profundae  inferiores 

44  n  linguale3 

45  n  axillares 

46  "  subscapulares 

47  ?  pectorales 

48  "  epigastricae 

49  H  cubitales  superficiales 

50  "  cubitales  profundae 

51  n  tracheales 

52  ?  bbonchiales 

53  ?  intercostales 

54  n  mediastinals  posteriores 

55  "  mediastinales  anteriores 

56  w  sternaies 

57  w  iliacae 

58  n  lumbales 

59  w  coeliacae 

60  "  gastricae  superiores 

61  M  gastricae  inferiores 

62  w  hepaticae 

63  ."  pancreaticolienales 

64  w  mesentericae 

65  w  mesocolicae 

66  "  hypo gastricae 


akgiology 


57. 


1  Lympho  glandurLae  sacrales 

2  "      inguinaies 

3  "      subinguirvales   superficiales 

4  "      su.binguixa.les  profundae 

5  *  prpiiteae 

6  (Lymphoglandula  tibialis  anterior) 

7  PLEXUS  LYMPHATICI 

8  Plexus  jugular is 


9  Plexus  axillaris 

10  Plexus  nacMari us 

11  Plexus  lumtalis 

12  Plexus  aort^cus 

13  Plexus  sacral  is  medius 

14  Plexus  hypogastricus 

15  Plexus  cosliacus 

16  Plexus  iliacus  externus 

17  Plexus  inguinal is 


NEUROLOGY 


58 


1  NEUROLOGIA 


9 

10 


Nervals 
Ganglion 
Substantia  alba 
Substantia  grisea 

6  Substantia  gelatinosa 
Taenia  telarum 
Ependyma  ventriculorum 
Sulcus  limitans  ventriculorum 
Nuclei  nervorum  cerebralium 


13 
14 

15 
16 
17 
18 


11  Nuclei  originis 

12  Nuclei  terminales 
Ramus  communicans 
Ramus  anastomoticus 
Ramus  muscularis 
Nervus  cuianeus 
Nervus  articularis 
Plexus  nervorum  sninalium 


19  SYS  T  E  M'A   NERVORUM   CENTRALS 


20     liEDULLA  SPINALIS 

21  Pars  cervicalis 

22  Intumescentia  cervicalis 

23  Pars  thoracalis 

24  Pars  lumbalis 

25  Intumescentia  lumbalis 
2  6  Conus  medullaris 

27  Filum  terminale 

28  Ventriculus  terminalis 

29  Fissura  nediana  anterior 

30  Sulcus  medianus  posterior 

31  Sulcus  latdralis  anterior 

32  Sulcus  lateralis  posterior 

33  Sulcus  intermedius  posterior 

34  (Sulcus  intermedius  anterior) 

35  Funiculi  medullas  spinalis 

36  Funiculus  anterior 

37  Funiculus  lateralis 

38  Funiculus  posterior 


39  Sec ti ones  medullas  spinalis 

40  Canalis  centralis 

41  Substantia  grisea  centralis 

42  Commissura  anterior  alba 

43  Commissura  anterior  grisea 

44  Commissura  posterior 

45  Columnae  griseae 

46  Columna  anterior 

47  Columna  lateralis 

48  Columna  posterior 

49  Cervix  columnae  posterioris 

50  Apex  columnae  posterioris 

51  Substantia  gelatinosa  QlolandiJ 

52  Nucleus  dcrsalis  jJStillingi, 

Clarkii] 

53  Fromatio  reticularis 

54  Funiculus  anterior 

53'  Fasciculus  cerebrospinalis 

anterior  f pyramidalis  anteriorj 


NEUROLOGY 


59 


1  Fasciculus  anterior  proprius 
|Flechsigi} 
2  Funiculus  lateralis 

3  Fasciculus  cerebrospinalis 
lateralis  Tpyramidalis 
lateralis} 
4  Fasciculus  cerebellospinalis 


5  Fasciculus  anterolateralis 

superficialis    [bowers ij 

6  Fasciculus  lateralis  proprius 

[FlechslgiJ 
miculus  posterior  -, 

8  Fasciculus   gracilis  ^GolliJ 

9  Fasciculus  cunentus 

y3urdachI1^ 


10     E  N  C  E  P  H  A  L  0 


-11  RHOMBENCEPHALON 


14 
15 
16 
17 

18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 

28 


30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
36 

37 

38 

39 


12  HYELENCKPHALON 

13  Medulla 
oblongata 

Fissura  mediana  posterior 
FIssura  mediana  anterior 
Foramen  caecum 
Pyramis  medullae 

oblongatae 
Decussatio  pyramidura 
Sulcus  lateralis  anterior 
Sulcus  lateralis  posterior 
Oliva 

Corpus  restiforme 
Funiculus  lateralis 
Funiculus  cuneatus 
Tuberculum  ci&ereum 
Funiculus  gracilis 

27  Clava 
Fibrae  arcuatae  externae 

29  Sectiones  medullae 
oblongatae 
Raphe 

Stratum  nucleare 
'  Nucleus  n.  hypoglossi 
Nucleus  amblguus 
Nucleus  alae  cinereae 
Tractus  solitarius 
Nucleus^ tractus  solitarii 
Tractus  spinalis  n.  trigemini 
Nucleus  tractus  spinalis  n.  trigemini 

trigemini 
Nucleus  funiculi  gracilis 


40 

41 
42 
43 
44 

45 

46 
47 
48 
49 
50 

51 

53 
54 
55 
56 
57 


Nucleus  funiculi  cuneatl 
Nuclei  laterales 
Nucleus  olivaris  inferior 
Hilus  nuclei  olivaris 
Nucleus  olivaris  accessor ius 

medialis 
Nucleus  olivaris  accessorius  dor- 

salis 
Nuclei  arcuati 
Fibrae  arcuatae  internae 
Substantia  reticularis  grisea 
Substantia  reticularis  alba 
Fasciculus  longitudinal is 

medialis 
Stratum  interolivare  lemnisci 
Corpus  restiforme 
Fasciculi  corporis  restiiormis 
Fibrae  cerebellooliv?.res 
Fasciculi  pyramidales 
Fibr?.e  arcuatae  externae 


58 


lus 


V  e  n  t  r  i 
q  u  a  r  t  u  s 

59  Fossa  rhomboidea 

60  Pars  inferior  fossae  rhomboid ~ 

eae 

61  [Calamus  scriptorius} 
62  Pars  intermedia  f"  fossa  rhom- 
boidea e~j 

63  Recessus  lateralis  fossae 
rhomboideae 

64  Pars  superior  fossae  rhomboideae 

65  Sulcus  limitans  I  fossae  rhomboideae^ 

66  Fovea  inferior 


NEUROLOGY 


60 


1  Fovea  superior 

2  Trigonum  n.  hypoglossi 

3  Striae  medullares 

4  Eminent ia  medial is 

5  Colliculus  facialis 

6  Ala  cinerea 

7  Area  acustica 

8  Locus  caeruleus 

9  Tegmen  ventriculi  quarti 

10  Velum  medullare  posterius 

11  Taenia  ventriculi  quarti 

12  Obex 

13  Lamina  chorioidea  epithelialis 

14  (Apertura  taadialiB~ 

ventriculi  quarti)  _ 
15  j  Foramen  Magendii] ) 

16  (Apertura  lateralis  ventriculi 

quarti) 

17  Fastigium 

18  METENCEPHALOM      -, 
19  Pons  [v  a  r  o  1  i  ij 

20  Sulcus  basilar is 

21  Fasciculus  obliquus  TpontisJ 

22  (Fila  lateralia  pontis) 

23  Brachium  pontis 

24  Sectiones  pontis 

25  Pars   dorsalis 

pontis 

26  Raphe 

27  Nucleus  n.  abducent is 

28  Nuclei  motorii  n.  trigemini    _ 

29  Radix  descendens  FmesencephalicaJ 

n.  trigemini 

30  Tractus  spinalis  n«  trigemini 

31  Nucleus  tractus  spinalis  n. 

trigemini 

32  Nucleus  n.  facialis 

33  Radix  n.  facialis 

34  Pars  prima 

35  Genu  internum 

36  Pars  secunda 
37  Nuclei  n.  acustici 

38  Nuclei  n.  cochlear is 


39  Nuclei  n.  vestibularis 

40  Nucleus  olivaris  superior 

41  Nucleus  lemnisci  lateralis 

42  Fasciculus  longitudinalis 

medialis 

43  Formatio  reticularis 

44  Corpus  trapezoideum 

45  Lemniscus 

46  46  Lemniscus  medialis 

isensitivusj 

47     Lemniscus   lateralis 

iacusticusj 

48  Pars    basilaris 

pontis 

49  Fibrae  pontis  profundae 

50  Fasciculi   longitudinales 

jPpyramidales| 

51  Nuclei  pontis  J 

52  Fibrae  pontis  superf iciales 

53  Cerebellum 

54  Gyri  cerebelli 

55  Sulci  cerebelli 

56  Vallecula  cerebelli 

57  Incisura  cerebelli  anterior 

58  Incisura  cerebelli  posterior 

59  Sulcus  horizontalis  cerebelli 

60  Fissura  transversa  cerebelli 

61  Vermis 

62  Lingula  cerebelli 

63     Vincula  lingulae  cerebelli 

64  Lobulus  centralis 

65  Monticulus 

66  Culmen 

67  Dec live 

68  Folium  vermis 

69  Tuber  verjiis   _ 

70  Pyramis_  [_vermisj 

71  Uvula  |vermis"j 

72  Nodulus 

73  Hemisphaerium 

cerebelli 

74  Facies  superior 

75  Ala  lobuli  centralis 

76  Lobulus  quadrangular is 

77  Pars  anterior 

78  Pars  posterior 


NEUROLOGY 


ei 


1  Lobulus  semilunaris  superior 
2  Facies  inferior 

3  Lobulus  semilunaris  inferior 

3  Lobulus  gracilis 

4  Lobulus  biventer 

5  Tonsilla  cerebelli 

6  Flocculus 

7  (Flocculi  secondarii) 

8  Pedunculus  flocculi 
9  Niduc  avia.  . 

10  Sectiones  cerebelli 

11  C orpus  me aa Hare 

12  Laminae  medullares 

13  Arbor  vitae 

14  Substantia  corticalis 

15  {"Lamina  basal isj  i 

16  ^Stratum  cinereumj  ^ 

17  ^Stratum  gangliosumj 

18  (Stratum  granulosumj 
19  Nucleus  dentatus 


20 
21 
22 
23 

24 
25 
26 

27 


31 
32 


34 


Hilus  nuclei  dentati 
Nucleus  fastigii 
Nucleus  globosus 
Nucleus  emboliformis 
Capsula  nuclei  dentati 
Isthmus  rhcmbencephali 
~Brachiuni  confunctivum 

jjserebellij 
Lemniscus 
-.23  .. Lemniscus  lateralis 

29  Lemniscus  medialis 

30  Trigonum.  lemnisci 
Velum  medullare  anterius 
Frenulum  veli  medullaris 

anterior is 

33  Sectiones  isthmi 

fvxde~Pedunculus  cerebr ij 
Ganglion  interpedunculare 


35  Nucleus  n.  trcchlearis 


36  CEREBRUM 


37  Facies  convexa  cerebri 

38  Facies  medialis  cerebri 

39  Basis  cerebri 

40     MESENCEPHALON 
41   tR^c  ie'B   :    i  fi- 
fe r  i  o  rj  - 
42     Fossa  interpeduncular! s  JjTarinij 

43  Recessus  anterior 

44  Recessus  posterior 

45     Substantia  perforata  posterior 
46     Pedunculus 
cerebri 

47  Aquaeductus  cerebri  [j3ylviij 

48  Sulcus  lateralis 

49  Sulcus  n.  oculomotorii 


50   Sectiones  pedunduli 

cerebri 

51  T  e  g  m  e  n  Turn 

52  Stratum  griseum  centrale 

53  Formatio  reticularis 

54t  Fasciculus  longitudinalis 
medialis 

55  Radix  descendens  n.  trigemini 

56  Nucleus  radicis  descendentis 

n=  trigemini 

57  Nucleus  n.  oculomotorii 

58  Nuclei  tegmenti 

59  Nucleus  ruber 
50  Decussationes  tegmentorum 
61  Peouss8.tio  brachii 
conjunctivi 

62  Lemniscus   lateralis 

63  Lemniscus  medialis 

64  Substantia       nigra 

65  Basis-    pedunculi 


NEUROLOGY 


62 


Corpora 

quadrigemina 
Lauina  quadrigemina 
Colliculus  superior 
Colliculus  inferior 
Brachium  quadrigeminum  superius 
Brachium  quadrigeminum  inferius 
Sectiones  corporum  quadrigeminorum 


2 
3a 

4 
5 
6 
7 

"8  Stratum  zonale 

9  Stratum  griseum  colliculi  superioris 

10  Nucleus  colliculi  inferioris 

11  Stratum  album  profundum 

12  PROSENCEPHALON 

1 3  I&encepha  Ion 

14  Ventriculus       tertius 

15  Aditus  ad  aquaeductum  cerebri 

16  Commissura  posterior    fcerebrij       _ 

17  Foramen  interventriculare  fMonroij 

18  Sulcus  hypothalamicus   JMonroil 

19  Massa  intermedia 

20  Recessus  opticus 

21  Recessus  infundibuli_  _ 

22  Commissura  anterior    (_cerebri| 

23  Recessus  triangularis 

24  Hypotha lamus 


25 

Pars     mamillari 

hypothalami 

25 

Corous  mamillare 

27 

Pars        optica 

hypotha.   lami 

28 

Tuber  cinereum 

29 

Infundibulum 

30 

Hypophysis 

31     Lobu  s  anter  ior 

32     Lohi\§  posterior 

33 

Tractus   opticus 

34     Radix  media lis 

35     Radix  lateralis 

36 

Chiasma   opticum 

37 

Lamina  terminalis 

39 

40 
41 
42 
43 

44 

45 


48 


53 
54 
55 
56 

57 

59 
60 


62 
63 
64 
65 
66 
67 

69 
70 
71 
72 

73 


58  Sectiones  hypothalami 
Nucleus  hypothalamicus 

i  Corpus .Luysi j 
Pars  grisea  hypothalami      - 
Commissura  superior  QfeynertiJ 
Commissura  inferior  [jJuddenij 
Nuclei  corporis  mamillaris 
Fasciculus  thalamomamillaris 

(JSTicq'  d'AzyriJ 
Fasciculi  pedunculomamillares 

46  Pars  tegmentalis 

47  Pars  basilaris 
Ansa  peduncular is 

49  Ansa  lenticularis 

50  Pedunculus  thalami  inferior 

51  Thalamencephalon 

52  Thalamus 
pulvinar 

Tuberculum  anter ius  thalami 

Taenia  thalami 

Stria  medullaris 

Lamina  chorioidea  epithelialis 

58  M  e  t  a  t  h  a  1  a  m  u  s 
Corpus  genicuiatum  media le 
Corpus  genicuiatum  laterale 

61  Epit -ha  lamus 
Corpus  pineale 
Recessus  pinealis 
Recessus  suprapinealis 
Habenula 

Commissura  habenularum 
Trigonum  habenulae 

68  Sectiones  tha lamenc epha 1 i 
Stratum  zonale 
Nucleus  anterior  thalami 
Nucleus  medialis  thalami 
Nucleus  lateralis  thalami 
Laminae  medullares  thalami 


NEUROLOGY 


63 


1  Nucleus  corporis   geniculati 

medialis  41 

2  Nucleus  corporis  geniculati  42 

lateralis 

3  Nucleus  habenulae 

4  Fasciculus  j-etrof  lexus 

j  MeynertiJ  46 

5  Telencephalon  47 

48 

6  Heiaisphaerium  49 

7  P  allium  50 

8  Fissura  lor.gitudinalis  cerebri  51 

9  Fissura  transversa  cerebri  52 

10  Gyri  cerebri  53 

11  Gyri  profundi  54 

12  Gyri  trans it ivi  55 

13  Sulci  cerebri  56 

14  Impressio  petrosa  57 

15  Fossa  cerebri  lateralis  58 

[Sylvii3  59 

16  Fissura  cerebri  lateralis  60 

fSylvii)  61 

17  Ramus  posterior  62 

18  Ramus  anterior  ascendens  63 

19  Ramus  anterior  horizontalis  64 

20  Lobi-  cerebri  65 

21  I  n  s  u  1  a  66 

22  Gyri  insulae  67 

23  Gyrus  longus  insulae  68 

24  C-yri  breves   insulae    _.  69 

25  Sulcus  circularis  jjteili]  70 

26  Operculum  71 

" 27  Pars  frontalis  72 

28  Pars  parietalis  73 

29  Pars  temporalis  74 

30  vulcus  centralis  JRolandiJ  75 

31  Gyrus  centralis  anterior 

32  Gyrus  centralis  posterior  77 
53  L»"0--1»  us  frontalis  78 

34  Polus  frontalis  79 

35  Sulcus  praecentralis 

36  Gyrus  frontalis  superior 

37  Sulcus  frontalis  superior 
3g  Gyrus  frontalis  medius 

39  Pars  superior 


40  Pars  inferior 
Sulcus  frontalis  inferior 
Gyrus  frontalis  inferior 

43  Pars  opercularis 

44  Pars  triangularis 

45  Pars  orbitalis 
Gyrus  rectus 
Sulcus  olfactorius 
Gyri  orbitales 
Sulci  orbitales 
Lobustemporalis 
Polus  temporalis 

Sulci  temporales  transversi 
Gjrri  temporales  transversi 
Gyrus  temporalis  superior 
Sulcus  temporalis  superior 
Gyrus  temporalis  medius 
Sulcus  temporalis  medius 
Gyrus  temporalis  inferior 
Sulcus  temporalis  inferior 
Fissura  collateralis 
Gyrus  fusiformis 
Gyrus  lingua lis 

Lobueo.ccipitali  s 
Polus  occipitalis 
Sulcus  occipitalis  transversus 
Gyri  occipitales  superiors 
Sulci  occipitales  superiores 
Gyri  occipitales  laterales 
Sulci  occipitales  laterales 
Lobus  parietalis 
Lobulus  parietalis  superior 
Sulcus  interparietal! s 
Lobulus  parietalis  inferior 
Gyrus  supramarginalis 
Gyrus  angular is 

76  Facies  medialis  hemisphaerdi 


Sxucus  corporis  callosi 
Sulcus  cinguli 
Pars  subfrontalis 


NEUROLOGY 


64 


10, 

11 
12 
13 
14 


16 
17 

18 

19 

21 
22 
23 
24 

26 
27 
28 
29 


33 

34 


1   Pars  marginalis 
Sulcus  subparietalis 
Fissura  hippocampi 
Gyrus  fornicatus 

5  Gyrus  cinguli 

6  Isthmus  gyvl  fornicati 

7  Gyrus  hippocampi 

8  Uncus  j  gyri  hippocampij 

"h 


Sub^tanti^  reticularis  alb 


Lobulus  paracentralis 

Praecuneus 

Fissura  parietooccipitalis 

Fissura  calcarina 

Cuneus 


15  Corpus  callosum 


Splenium  corporis  callosi 
Truncus  corporis  callosi 
Genu  corporis  callosi 
Rostrum  corporis  callosi 

20  Lamina  rostralis 
Striae  transversae 
Stria  longitudinalis  medialis 
Stria  longitudinalis  lateralis 
Fasciola  cinerea 

25  Fornix 
Crus  fornicis 

Corpus  fornicis 
Taenia  fornicis 
Columna  fornicis 

30  Pars  libera  columnae 

fornicis 

31  Pars  tecta  columnae 

fornicis 

32     Septum 

pellucidum 
Lamina  septi  pellucidi 
Cavum  septi  pellucidi 


35 


V  e  n  t  r 
later 

36  Pars  centralis 

37  Cornu  anterius 

38  Cornu  posterius 


u  1  u  s 


39 
40 
41 


44 
45 
46 
47 

48 
49 
50 

52 
53 
54 
55 
56 
57 

58 
59 

60 
61 


67 
68 
69 

70 


Cornu  inferius 
Corpus  striatum 
Nucleus  caudatus 

42  Caput  nuclei  caudati 

43  Cauda  nuclei  caudati 
Stria  terminalis 

Lamina  affixa 

Taenia  chorioidea 

Lamina  chorioidea  epithelialis 

Calcar  avis 

(Bulbus  cornu  posterioris 

Eminentia  collateralis 

51  Trigonum  collaterale 
Hippocampus 
Fimbria  hippocampi 
Taenia  fimbriae 
Digitationes  hippocampi 
Fascia  dentata  hippocampi 
Commissura  hippocampi 


Rhino  n.c  ©  p  h  a  1  on 

Sulcus  parolfactorius   -anterior     -s 

Lrhmencephalil 

Pars      anteri~of  ' 

Lobus  olfactorius 

62  Bulbus  olfactorius 

63  Tractus  olfactorius 

64  Trigonum  olfactorium 

65  Stria  medialis 

66  Stria  intermedia    . 
Area  parolfactoria  fBrocae] 

Sulcus  parolfactorius  posterior 
Par.  s  posterior 

trhinencephalij 
Gyrus  subcallosus  £Pedunculus 
corporis  callosij 
71  Substantia  perforata  anterior 


72  Stria  olfactoria  lateralis 

73  Limen  insulae 

74  Sectiones  telencephali 

75  Substantia  corticalis 

76  Centrum  semiovale 

77  Decursus  fibrarum  cerebralium 


NEUROLOGY 


65 


1   Fibrae  arcuatae  cerebri 

2  Cingulum 

3  Fasciculus  longitudinalis 

superior 

4  Fasciculus  longitudinalis 

inferior 

5  Fasciculus  uncinatus 

6  Radiatio  corporis  callosi 

7  Pars  frontalis 

8  Pars  parietalis 

9  Pars  temporalis 

10  Pars  occipitalis 

11  Tapetum 
12  Nucleus  lentiformis 

13  Putamen 

14  Globus  pallidus 

15  Claustrum 

16  Capsula  externa 

17  Capsula  interna 

18  Genu  capsulae  internae 

19  Pars  frontalis  capsulae  . 

internae 

20  Pars  occipitalis  capsulae 

internae 

21  Nucleus  amygdalae 

22  Corona  radiata 

23  Pars  frontalis 

24  Pars  parietalis 

25  Pars  temporalis 

26  Pars  occipitalis 

27  Radiatio  corporis  striati 

28  Radiatio  occipitothalamica 

fGratioleti'l 

J      f  -ti 

29  Commissura  anterior  Icerebrij 

30  Pars  anterior 

31  Pars  posterior 

32  MENINGES 


34  Falx  cerebri 

35  Tentorium  cerebelli 

36  Falx  cerebelli 

37  Diaphragma  seilae     _     _, 

38  Foramen  diaphragmatis  jsellaej 

39  Incisura  tentorii 

40  Dura  mater  spinalis 

41  Filum  durae  matris  spinalis 

42  Cavum  epidurale 

43  Cavum  subdurale 

44  Arachnoidea  spinalis 

45  Arachnoidea  encephali 

46  Cavum  subarachnoideale 

47  Cisternae  subarachnoidales 

48  Cisterna  cerebellomedullaris 

49  Cisterna  fossae  lateralis 

cerebri  jQSylviij 

50  Cisterna  chiasmatis 

51  Cisterna  interpeduncular is 

52  Cisterna  venae  magnae 

cerebri 

53  Granulationes  arachnoideales 

£PacchioniJ 

54  Pia  mater  spinalis 

55  Lig.  denticulatum 

56  Septum  cervicale  intermedium 

57  Pia  mater  encephali 

58  Tela  choriodea  ventriculi  quarti 

59  Plexus  chorioideus  ventriculi 

quarti 

60  Tela  chorioidea  ventriculi  tertii 

61  Plexus  chorioideus 

ventriculi  tertii 

62  Plexus  chorioideus  ventriculi 

lateralis 

63  Glomus  chorioideum 

64  Acervulus 


33  Dura  mater  encephali 


NEUROLOGY 


66 


YS1EHA     NE3V0R  U  M     PERIPEERICUM 


2     NERVI     CEREBRALES 


3     NN.   OLFACTORII 
4      N.    OPTICUS 


33     N.    infratrochlearis 

34  Ramus  palpebralis  superior 

35  R.  palpobralis  inferior 

36  G.  o  i  1  i  a  r  e 


5  N.  OCULOMOTORIUS 

6  Ramus  superior 

7  Ramus  infer  ior 

8  Radix  brevis  ganglii 
ciliaris 


9  N.  TROCHLEARIS 
10  Decussatio  nervorum  trochlearium 

11  N.  TRIGEMINUS 


12 
13 

14 


Portio  major 

Ganglion  semi lunar e  [g 

Portio  minor 


asserx 


15  N.  ophthalmicus 


16  N.  tentorii 

17  N.  lacrimalis 

18  Ramus  anastomoticus  cum  n. 

zygomatico 

19  N-.  frontalis 

20  N.  supraorbitalis 

21  Ramus  frontalis 

22  N.  supratrochlearis 
23  N»  nasociliaris 

24  Radix  longa  ganglii 

ciliaris 

25  Nn.  ciliares  longi 

26  N.  ethmoidalis  po&toricrr 

27  N.  ethmoidalis  anterior 

28  Rami  nasales  anteriores 

29  Rami  nasales 
interni 

30  Rami  nasales 

laterales 

31  Rami  nasales 

mediales 
32  Ramus  nasalis  exter- 
nus 


37  Nn.  ciliares  breves 

38  N.  maxillaris 

39  N.  meningeus_[medius] 

40  N-  xygomaticus" 

41  Ramus  zygomaticotemporalis 

42  Ramus  zygomaticofacialis 

43  Nn.  sphenopalatini 

44  Nn.  alveolar es  super ior es 

45  Rami  alveolares  superiores 
posteriores 
46  N.  infraorbitalis 

47  R.  alveolar is  superior 

medius 

48  Rami  alveolares  superiores 

anteriores 

49  Plexus  dentalis 

superior 

50  Rami  dentales  superiores 

51  Rami  gingivales  sup- 

eriores 

52  Rami  palpebrales  inferiors^ 

53  Rami  nasales  externi 

54  Rami  nasales  interni 

55  Rami  labiales  superiores 

56  Ganglion  sphen- 

apalatinum 

57  Rami  orbitales         .     -, 

58  N.  canalis  pterygoidei  [vidiij 

59  N.  petrosus  superficialis 

major 

60  N.  petrosus  profundus 

61  Rami  nasales  posteriores 

superiores  laterales 

62  Rami  nasales  posteriores 

superiores  mediales 

63      N.   nasopalatinus    [Scarpaej 


NEUROLOGY 


67 


X   Rami  nasales  posteriores  inferiores 

riateralesl 
2   Nn.  palatini 

3  N.palatinus  anterior 

4  N.palatinus  medius 

5  N.palatinus  posterior 

6  N,  mandibular is 

7  li*   spisoatts 

8  N.  masticatorius 

9  .U.massetericus 

10  Nn.  temporales  profundi 

11  IT.  temporalis  profundus 

posterior 

12  N.  temporalis  profundus 

anterior 

13  N.  buccinatorius 

14  N.  pterygoideus  externus 

15  N.  pterygoideus  internus 
16  N.  auriculotemporalis 

17  N.  meatus  auditor ii  externi  . 
18  R.  membranae  tympani 

19  Rrmi  parotidei 

20  Rami  anastomotic!  cum  n. 

faciali 

21  3Mn.  auriculares  anteriores 

22  Rami  temporales  superficiales 
23  N.  lingualis 

24  Rami  isthmi  faucium 

25  Rami  anastomotici  cum  n. 

hypoglosso 

26  IT.  sublingualis 

27  Rrmi  linguales 
28  N.  alveolar is  inferior 

29  Plexus  dentalis  inferior 

30  Rami  dent ales  inferiores 

31  Rami  gingivales  infer- 

iores 

32  K.  mylohyoideus 

33  N.  mentalis 

34  Rami  mentales 

35  Rami  labiales  infer- 

iores 
36  Ganglion 
o  t  i  c  u  m 
37  N.  pctrosus  superf icialis 
minor 


38  N.  tensoris  veli  palatini 

39  N.  tensoris  tympani 

40  Ramus  anastomoticus  cum  n. 

spinoso 

41  R.    anastomoticus   cum  n. 

auriculotemporal! 

42  Ramus  anastomoticus  cum 

chorda  tympani 

43  Ganglion 

submaxillare 

44  Rami  communic antes   cum  n. 

linguali 

45  Rami   submaxillares 

46  N.   ABDUCENS 

47  IT.   FACIALIS 

48  Geniculun  n.   facialis 

49  Ganglion  geniculi 

50  N«   s-apecLius 

51  Ramus  anastomoticus  cum  plexu 
_    tympraiieo  """- 

52  IT.   auricularis  posterior 
53     Ramus  occipitr.lis 

54     Ramus   digastricus 

55     Ramus   stylohyoideus 

56  Ramus   anastomoticus   cum  n. 
r     glossopharyngeo 

57  Plexus  parotideus 

58  Rrmi  temporales 

59  Rami  zygomatic! 

60  Rrmi  bueoalbs'  . 

61  Ramus  marginalis  mandibulae 

62  Ramus   colli 

63  U.i'jQ  te.rrredius 


64  Chorda  tympani 

65  IT.  ACUSTICUS 

66  Radix  vestibularis 

67  Radix  cochlearis 
S8     Fila  anastomotica 

69     F.  vestibuli 

70     Ganglion  vestibulare 


NEUROLOGY 


68 


1  N.  utricularis 

2  W.  ampullaris  superior 

-  3   N.  ampullaris  lateralis 
4   N. /ampullaris  inferior 
5   N.  cochleae 

6  Ganglion  spirale 

7  N,  saccularis 

8   N.  GLOSSOPHARYNGEUS 

9  Ganglion  superius 

10  Ganglion  petrosum 

11  N.  tympanicus 

12  Inturnescentia  tympanica     ^ 

13  Plexus  tympanicus  (_JacobsoniJ 

14  K.  caroticotympanicus  superior 

15  N.  caroticotympanicus  inferior 

16  Ramus  tubae 

17  R.  anastomoticus  cum  ramo  auriculari 

n.  vagi 

18  Rami  pharyngei 

19  Ramus  stylopharyngeus 

20  Rani  tonsillares 

21  Rami  linguales 

22  1\T0  VAGUS 

23  Ganglion  jugulare 

24  Ganglion  nodosum 

25  Ramus  meningeus 

26  Ramus  auricularis 

27  R.  anastomoticus  cum  n.  glossopha- 

ryngeo 

28  Rami  pharyngei 

29  Plexus  pharyngeus 

30  N.  laryngeus  superior 

51  Ramus  externus 

32  Ramus  internus 

33  Ramus  anastomoticus  cum  n. 

laryngeo  inferiore 

34  Rami  cardiaci  superiores 

35  (N.  depressor) 

36  N.  recurrens 


37  Rami  cardiaci  inferiores 

38  Rami  tracheales 

39  Rami  oesophagei 

40  N.  laryngeus  inferior 

41  Ramus  anterior 

42  Ramus  posterior 

43  Rami  bronchiales  anteriores 

44  Rami  bronchiales  posteriores 

45  Plexus  pulmonalis  anterior 

46  plexus  pulmonalis  posterior 

47  Rami  oesophagei 

48  Plexus  oesophageus  anterior 

49  Plexus  oesophageus  posterior 

50  Rami  gastrici 

51  Plexus  gastricus  anterior 

52  Plexus  gastricus  posterior 

53  Rami  hepatic i 

54  Rami  coeliaci 

55  Rami  lienales 

56  Rami  renales 

57  N.  ACCESS0RIUS 

58  Ramus  internus 

59  Ramus  externus 

60  N.  EYP0GL0SSUS 

61  Ramus  descendsns 

62  Ansa  hypoglossi 

63  Ramus  thyreohyoideus 

64  Rami  linguales 

65  N.  S  P  I  11  A  L  E  S 

66  Fila  radicular ia 

67  Radix  anterior 

68  Radix  posterior 

69  Ganglion  spinale 

70  Ramus  anterior 

71  Ramus  posterior 

72  Ramus  comraunicans 

73  Ramus  meningeus 

74  Cauda  equina 

75  Ansae 


NEUROLOGY 


69 


5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 


14 
17 

21 

25 
26 


29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 


1   Nn.  cervicales 
Rami  posteriores" 

3   Ramus  medialis 

4-   Ramus  lateralis 
N.  suboccipitalis 
N.  occipitalis  major 

(N.  occipitalis  tertius) 
Rami  anteriores 

P  knsfx  us   cervicalis 
N.  occipitalis  minor 
N-  aurioularis  magnus 

12  Ramus  posterior 

13  Ramus  anterior 
N.  cutaneus  colli 

15  Rami  superiores 

16  Rami  inferiores 
Nn.  supraclaviculars 

18  Nn.  supraclaviculars  anter- 

iores 

19  Nn,  supraclaviculars  medii 

20  Nn.  supraclaviculares  posteriores 
N.  phrenicus 

22  Ramus  pericardiacus 

23  Rami  phrenicoabdominales 


24     PLEXUS  BRACHIALIS 
Pars;    supraclavicul- 
ar  i   s 
Nn.   thoracales  posteriores 

27  N.  dorsalis  scapulae 

28  N.  thoracalis  longus 
Wn.  thoracales  anteriores 
N.  subclax'-ius 

N.  suprascapularis 
Nn.  subscapulars 
N.  thora-codorsalis 
N.  axillaris 

35  Rami  musculares 

N.  cutaneus  brachii  lateralis 


37     P 


36 
a  r 
1 
38 
39 
40 


s     infraclav 
a  r   i   s 

Fasciculus  lateralis 
Fasciculus  medialis 
Fasciculus  posterior 


i  c  u- 


41  N.  musculocutaneus 

42  Rami  musculares   lateralis 

43  N.  cutaneus  antibrachii 

44  N.  cutaneus  brachii  medialis 

45  N.  cutaneus  antibrachii  medialis 

46  Ramus  volaris 

47  Ramus  ulnaris 

48  N.  medianus 

49  Rami  musculares  _ 

50  N.  interosseus  jantibrachiij 

volaris 

51  Ramus  palmaris  n.  mediani 

52  Ramus  anastomoticus  cum  n  ulnar i 

53  Nn.  digitaies  volares  communes 

54  Nn.  digitaies  volares  proprii 

55  N.  ulnaris 

56  Ramus  cutaneus "palmaris 

57  Ramus  dorsalis  manus 

58  Nn.  digitaies  dorsales 
59  Ramus  volaris  manus 

60  Ramus  superf icialis 

61  Nn,  digitaies  volares 

communes 

62  Nn,  digitaies  volares 

proprii 
63  Ramus  profundus 

64  Rami  musculares 

65  N.  radialis 

66  N.  cutaneuT°brachii  posterior 

67  Rami  musculares 

68  N.  cutaneus  antibrachii  dorsalis 

69  Ramus  profundus 

70  N.  interosseus  antibrachii 
dorsalis 
71  Ramus  superf icialis 

72  Ramus  anastomoticus 

ulnaris 

73  Nn.  digitaies  dorsales 

74 ~  Nn*  thoracales 
75  Rami  posteriores 

76  Ramus  cutaneus  lateralis 

77  Ramus  cutaneus  medialis 


NEUROLOGY 


70 


I  Rami  anteriores  j_Nn.  intercostaiesj 

2  Rami  musculares 

3  Ramus  cutaneus  lateralis 

Tpectoralis  et  abdominalis ] 

4  Ramus  posterior 

5  Ramus  anterior 

6  Rami  mammarii  lat- 

erales 

7  Nn.  intercostobrachiales 

8  Ramus  cutaneus  anterior  J  pect- 

oral is  et  abdominal! st 
9  Rami  mammarii  media les 

10  Nn.  lumbales,  sacrales,  coccygeus 

II  Nn.  lumbaTes  ° 
12  Rami  posteriores 

13  Ramus  medialis 

14  Ramus  lateralis 

15  Nn.  clunium  superiores 

16  Rami  anteriores 

17  Nn.  sacrales  et  coccygeus: 

18  Rami  posteriores 

19  Ramus  medialis 

20  Ramus  lateralis 

21     Nn,   clunium  medii 

22      PLEXUS     LUMBOS- 
ACRAL  I  S 

23     PLEXUS  LUMBALIS 
24     Rami  musculares 

25     N.    iliohypogas- 
Frious 

26  Rami  musculares 

27  Ramus  cutaneus  lateralis 

28  Ramus  cutaneus  anterior 

29  N.  ilioinguinalis 

30  Rami  musculares 

31  Nn.  scrotales  anteriores 

32  Nn.  labiales  anteriores 

33  N.  genit of em oral i s 

34  N.  lumboinguinalis 

35  N.  spermaticus  externus 


36  N.  cutaneus  femoris  lateralis 

37  N.  obturatorius 
38  Ramus  ajETerTor 

39  Ramus  cutaneus 
40  Ramus  posterior 

41  N.  femoral is 

42  Rami  cutanefarTteridres 

43  Rami  musculares 

44  N.    saphenus 

45  Ramus  infrapatellaris 

46  Rami  cutanei  cruris 

mediales 

47  PLEXUS  SACRA!.'  3 

48  Iruncus  lumbcsacralis 

49  N.  glutaeus  superior 

50  N-  glutaeus  inferior 

51  N.  cutaneus  femoris  posterior 

52  Nn.  clunium  inferiores 

53  Rami  perineales 

54  N.  ischiadicus 

55  Rami  musculaTes 

56  II.  peronaeus  communis 

57  Rami  musculares 

58  N.  cutaneus  surae  lateralis 

59  Ramus  anastomoticus  peron- 

aeus 
60  N.  peronaeus  superf icialis 

61  Rami  musculares 

62  N.  cutaneus  dorsalis  med- 

ialis 

63  N.  cutaneus  dorsalis 

intermedius 

64  Nn.  digitales  dorsales 

pedis 
65  N.  peronaeus  profundus 

66  Rami  musculares 

67  Nn.  digitales  dorsales 

hallucis  lateralis  et 
digiti  secundi  medialis 
68  R.  tibialis 

69  Rami  musculares 


NEUROLOGY 


71 


10 


1  N.  interosseus  cruris 

2  N.  eutaneus  surae  media lis 

3  N.  suraiis 

4   Rami  calcanei  laterales 

5  N.  eutaneus  dor sails 

laterales 

6  Rami  calcanei  mediales 
N.  plantar is  medi&lis 

8  Fa.  digitales  plantares 

c  ommune  s 

9  Nn.  digitales  plantares 

proprii 
N.  plantar is  lateralis 

11  Ramus  superficialis 

12  Nn.  digitales  plant- 
ares communes 


14 


13  Nn.  digitales 
plantares 
proprii 
Raraij  profundus 


15  PLEXUS  PUDENDUS 

16  N.  haemorrhoidales  medii 

17  Nn.  vesicales  inferiores 

18  Nn.  vaginales 

19  N.  pudendus 

20  Nn.  haemorrhoidales 

inferiores 

21  N.  perinei 

22  Nn.  scrctales  posteriores 

23  Nn.  labiales  poster  res 

24  N.  dorsalis  penis 

25  N.  dorsalis  c liter idis 
26  N.  COCCYGEUS 

27  Plexus  coccygeus 

28  Nn.  anococcygei 


29   S  Y  STEM  A  N  E  R  V  0  R 


P  A  T'H  I  C  U  M 


30  Truncus   sympath'ic/ja 

31  Ganglia  trunci  sympathici 

32  Plexus  syrapathlci 

33  Ganglia  plexuum  synipathicorum 

34  PARS  CEPHaLICA  E  T  CERVICALIS  S . 

SYMPATIC  I 

35  Ganglion  cervicale  superius 

36  N.  jugular is 

37  N.  caroticus  internus 

38  Plexus  caroticus  internus 

39  Plexus  cavernosus 

40  Plexus  arterias  cerebri  anterioris 

41  Plexus  arteriae  cerebri  mediae 

42  Plexus  arteriae  chorioideae 

43  Plexus  ophthalmicus 

44  Radices  sympathicae  ganglii  ciliaris 

45  Nn.  carotici  externi 

46  Plexus  caroticus  externus 


47  Plexus  thyreoideus  superior 

48  plexus  lingualis 

49  Plexus  maxiilaris  externus 

50  Radix  sympathica  ganglii 

submaxillar is 

51  Plexus  occipitalis 

52  Plexus  auricularis  posterior 

53  Plexus  temporalis  superf icialis 

54  plexus  maxiilaris  internus 

55  Flexus  meningeus 

56  Flexus  caroticus  communis 

57  Rami  laryngopharyngei 

58  Plexus  pharyngeus  ascendens 

59  N.  carfiiacus  superior 

60  Ganglion  cervicale  medium 

61  N.  cardiacus  medius 

62  Ganglion  cervicale  inferius 

63  Ansa  sutclavia  Fvieusseniij 

64  N.  cardiacus  interior 

65  Plexus  sub^.lavius 

66  Plexus  manmarius  interns 

67  Flexus  thyreoideus  inferior 

68  Plexus  vertebralis 


NEUROLOGY 


72 


1   PARS  THORACALIS  S. 
SYMPATHICI 

2  Ganglia  thoracalia 

3  N.  splanchnicus  major 

4  Ganglion  splanchnicum 

5  N»  splanchnicus  minor 

6   Ramus  renalis 

7  (N.  splanchnicus  imus) 

8  Plexus  aorticus  thoracalis 

9  Plexus  cardiacus 

10  Plexus  coronarius  cordis  anterior 

11  Ganglion  cardiacun  [jTrisbergiJ 

12  Plexus  coronarius  posterior 

13  Rami  pulmonales 

14  Plexus  pulmonalis 

15  PARS  ABDOHIMLIS  ET  PELVTNA  S. 

SYMPATHICI 

16  Ganglia  lumbalia 

17  Ganglia  sacralia 

18  Plexus  aorticus  abdominali3 

19  Plexus  coeliacus 

20  Ganglia  coeliaca 

21  Ganglion  mesentericum  superius 

22  Plexus  phrenicus 

23  Ganglia  phrenica 

24  Plexus  phrenicus 

25  Plexus  lienalis 

26  Plexus  gastricus  superior 


27 

28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 


50 


53 
54 


Plexus  gastricus  inferior 

Plexus  suprarenalis 

Plexus  renalis 

Plexus  spermaticus 

Plexus  arteriae  ovaricae 

Plexus  mesentericus  superior 

Plexus  myentericus 

Plexus  submucosus 

Plexus  mesentericus  inferior 

Nn.  haemorrhoidales  superiores 

Plexus  iliacus 

Plexus  iliacus 

Plexus  hypogastricus 

Plexus  haemorrhoidalis  mecKus 

Plexus  prostaticus 

Plexus  deferentialis 

Plexus  uterovaginalis 

Plexus  vesicalis 

Tfo.  vesicales  superiores 

Nn.  vesicales  inferiores 

Plexus  cavernosus  penis 

48  W»  cavernosus  penis  major 

49  Nn.  cavernosi  penis  minores 
Plexus  cavei-nosus  clitoridis 

51  N»  cavernosus  clitoridis 

major 

52  Nn.  cavernosi  clitoridis 

minores 
Plexus  femoralis 
Plexus  popliteus 


Sense  Organs  and  Common  Integument 


73 


1  ORGANA  SENSUDH  ET  IKTEG0H3HT0M  COMMJNE 


2     ORGAHCH     V  I  S  U  S 


3     OCULUS 


4     OPTICUS 

5  Vaginae  n.  optici 

6  Spatia  intervaginalia 

7  BUL3US  OCULI 

8  Polus   anterior 

9  Polus  posterior 

10  Aequator 

11  Heridiani 

12  Axis  oculi  externa 

13  Axis  oculi  interna 

14  Axis  optica 

15  F  Linea  visusj 

16  vesicula  oph thalmi cax 

17  Caliculus  ophthalmicus* 

TUNICA  FIBROSA  OCULI 
19  Sclera 

20  Sulcus  sclerae 

21  Riraa  cornealis  _ 

22  Sinus  venosus   sclerae   j^Canalis 

S  chlemmi ,    Lauthi  T 

23  Lamina  fusca 

24  Lamina  cribrosa  sclerae 

25  (Raphe  sclerae) 

26  (Funiculus  sclerae 

27  Cornea 

28  Annulus   conjunctivae 

29  Vertex  corne3.e 


30  Lizobus   cornae 

31  Facies  anterior 

32  Facies  posterior 

33  Epithelium  corneae 

34  Lamina  elastica  anterior 

{_Bouimanij 

35  Substantia  propria 

36  Lamina  elastica  posterior 

(  Demoursi,  Descemetij 

37  End.othel5.um  caraerae  anterioris 

38     TUNICA  VASCULOSA  OCULI 
39      Chorioidea 

40  Lamina  suprachorioidea 

41  Spatium  pericliorioideale 

42  Lamina  vasculosa 

43  Lamina  choriocapillaris 

44  Lamina  basal is 

45  (Raphe  chorioideae) 

46  Corpus  ciliare 
47  Corona  ciTTalris 

48  Processus  ciliares 

49  Fiicae  ciliares 
50  Orbiculus  clliaris 

51  li.  ciliaris 

52     Librae  meridional es 

jj3rueclceij 
55     Fibrae  circulares 
JLIueileri] 
54     Plexus   gangliqsus" ciliaris 

55     Iris 

56  I-Iargo  papillaris 

57  iiargo  ciliaris 

58  Facies   interior 


Systematic  Anatomy 


74 


1  Facies  posterior 

2  Annulus  iridis  major 

3  Armulus  iridis  minor 

4  Plicae  iridis 

5  Papilla 

6  II.  sphincter  pupillae 

7  .  Stroma  iridis 

8  H.  dilatator  pupillae 

9  .  Lig."  pectin atun'  iridis 

10  Spatia  anguli  iridis  j~Fontanael 

11  Circulus  arteriosus  major 

12  Circulus  arteriosus  minor 

13  Membrana  pupillarisx 

14     STRATUM  PIGrEENTI 

15  Stratum  pigment!  retinae 

16  Stratum  pigment!  corporis  ciliaris 

17  Stratum  pigmenti  iridis 


18     RETINA 

Pars  optica  retinae 
20     Or a  s errata 

Pars  ciliaris  retinae 

Papilla  n.   optici 

Excavatio  papillae  n.   optici 

rlacula  lute  a 

Fovea  centralis 

Vasa     sanguine  a 
retinae 

Circulus  vasculosus  n.  optici 
(jtellerijj 

Arteriola  fYenulal  temporalis 
retinae  superior 

Arteriola  ^Venula^  temporalis 
retinae  inferior 

Arteriola  jATenula'}  nasalis  ret- 
inae superior 

Arteriola  {Venula'l  nasalis  ret- 
inae inferior  ^ 

Arteriola  [VenulaJ  macularis  su- 
perior       ~ 

33  Arteriola  ^VenulaJ  macularis  in- 

ferior       , 

34  Arteriola  (Venulaj  retinae  media- 

lis 


19 

21 
22 
25 
24 
25 
26 

27 

28 

29 
30 


32 


35  CAMERA  OCULI  ANTERIOR 
36  Angulus  iridis 

37  CAMERA  OCULI  POSTERIOR 
38  CORPUS  VITREI!- 1 

39  A«  hyalcideax 

40  Canalis  hyaloidea 

41  Fossa  hyaloidea 

42  Hembrana  hyaloidea 

43  Stroma  vitreum 

44  Humor  v  it  reus 

45  LENS   CRYSTALL1NA 
46  Substantia  lentis 

47  Substantia  corticalis 

48  Nucleus  lentis 

49  Fibrae  lentis 

50  Epithelium  lentis 

51  Cppsula  lentis 

52  Polus  anterior  lentis 

53  Polus  posterior  lentis 

54  Facies  anterior  lentis 

55  Facies  posterior  lentis 

56  Axis  lentis 

57  Aequator  lentis 

58  Radii  lentis 

59     ZONULA  CILI/.HIS    [ziNNIJ 

60  Fibrae  zonulares 

61  Spatia.  zonularia 

62     0RGANA  OCULI   ACCESSORI  •_ 

63  Uuseuli  oculi.   Fasciae  orbitales 

64  M.   orbital is 

65  M.  rectus  superior 

66  II,  rectus  inferior 

67  II,  rectus  medialis 
63  II.  rectus  lateralis 

69  Lacertus  musculi  recti  lateralis 

70  Annulus  tendineus  communis 

|*ZlTmi] 

71  llm   obliquus   superior 


Sense  Organs  and  Common  Integument 


75 


1   Trochlea 

2  M.  obliquus  inferior 

3  M.  levator  palpebrae  superioris 

4  Periobita 

5  Septum  orb it ale 

6  Fasciae  musculares 

7  Fascia  bulbi  fTer.onil 

8  Spatium  interfasciale  [lenonil 

9  Corpus  adiposum  orbitae 

10  Superc ilium 

11  Falpebr*e 

12  Palpebra  superior 

13  Palpebra  superior 

14  Facies  anterior  palpebrarum 

15  Facies  posterior  palpebrarum 

16  Rima  palpebrarum 

17  Commissura  palpebrarum  lateralis 

18  Commissura  palpebrarum  medialis 

19  Angulus  oculi  lateralis 

20  Angulus  oculi  medialis 

21  Limbi  palpebrales  anteriores 

22  Limbi  palpebrales  posteriores 

23  Tarsus  superior 

24  Tarsus  inferior 

25  Lig.  palpebrale  mediale 

26  Raphe  palpebralis  lateralis 

27  G-landulae  tarsales  Meibomi 

28  Sebum  palpebrale 

29  M.  tarsalis  superior 

30  M.  tarsalis  inferior 

31  CONJUNCTIVA 

32  Plica  semilunaris  conjunctivae 

33  Caruncula  lacrimalis 

34  Tunica  conjunctiva  bulbi 

35  Tunica  conjunctiva  palpebrarum 

36  Fornix  conjunctivae  superior 

37  Fornix  conjuctivae  palpebrarum 

38  Gl.  mucosae  ["KrauseiJ 

39  Noduli  lymphatici  conjunctivales 

40  (Pinguecula) 


41   APPARATUS  LACRIMALIS 

42  Glandula  lacrimalis  superior 

43  Glandula  lacrimalis  inferior 

44  (fil.   lacrimales  accessories) 

45  Ductuli  excretorii  gl. 
lacrimalis 

46  Rivus  lacrimalis 

47  Lacus  lacrimalis 

48  Functa  lacrimalia 

49  Ductus  lacrimales 

50  Papillae  lacrimales 

51  Ampulla  ductus  lacrimalis 

52  Saccus -lacrimalis 

53  Fornix  sacci  lacrimalis 

54  Ductus  nasolacrimalis    - 

55  Plica  lacrimalis  jHasneriJ 

56  Lacrimae 

57  0  R  G  A  H  0  F  A  U  D  I  T  U  S 
58  Auris  interna 

59     LABURINTHUS  MEMBRAMACEUS 

60  Ductus  endolymphaticus 

61  Saccus  endolymphaticus 

62  Ductus  utriculosaccularis 

63  U  triculus 

64  Ductus  semicirculares 

65  Ductus  semicircular is 

superior 

66  Ductus  semicircularis 

posterior 

67  Ductus  semicircularis 

lateralis 
68     Ampullae  membranaceae 

69  Sulcus  ampullar is 

70  Crista  anipullaris 

71  Ampulla  membranacea  superior 

72  Ampulla  membranacea  posterior 

73  Ampulla  nenbran.cna  lateralis 

74  Sacculus 

75  Ductus  reuniens  (kensenij 

76  Maduiae  aouatioae  ". .      •  '  1 

77  Macula  acustica  utriculi 

78  Macula  acustica  sacculi 


Sense   Organs  and  Common  Integument 


76 


1  Otoconia 

2  Endolympha 

3  Perilymphs 

4  Spatium  perilymphaticum 

5  Ductus  perilymphatic! 

6  Ductus  cochl 

7  Caecum  cupulare 

8  Caecum  vestibulare 

9  Lamina  basilaris 

10  Membrana  vestibularis 
|_Reissneri} 

Lig.  spirale  cochleae 
Prominentia  spiralis 
Stria  vascularis 
Sulcus  spiralis 
Labium  tympanicum 

16  Foramina  nervosa 
Labium  vertibulare 
Ganglion  spirale ^cochleae 

19  Organon  spirale    Icortiij 

20  V  a   s  a     auris 

internae 
auditiva  interna 
22  Rami  vestibulares 
Ramus  cochleae 
Glomeruli  arteriosi 
cochleae 
auditivae  internae 


21  A. 


23 

24 


25  Vv. 


46 


e  a  r  l  s 


26  V»  spiralis  modioli 
27  Vas  promihens 

28  Vv  vestibularis 

29  V.  aquaeductus  vestibuli 

30  V,  canaliculi  cochleae 

31  LABYRINTHUS  OSSEUS 


50 
51 

52 


54 
55 
56 
57 
58 
59 
60 
61 
62 
63 
64 
65 
66 
67 


69 
70 


43  Canalis  semicircularis  superior 

44  Canalis  semicircularis  posterior 

45  Canalis  semicircularis  lateralis 
Ampullae  osseae 

47  Ampulla  ossea  superior 

48  Ampulla  ossea  posterior 

49  Ampulla  ossea  lateralis 
Crura  ampullaria 

Crus  commune 
Crus  simplex 

53  Cochlea 

Cupula 

Basis  cochleae 

Canalis  spiralis  cochleae 

Modiolus 

Basis  modioli 

Lamina  modioli 

Lamina  spiralis  ossea 

Hamulus  laminae  spiralis 

Scala  iveatibuli 

Scala  tympani 

Helicotrema 

Lamina  spiralis  secundaria 

Canalis  spiralis  modioli 

Canales  longitudinales  modioli 

68  Meatus  acusticus  internus 
Porus  acusticus  internus 
Fundus  meatus  acustici  interni 

71  Crista  transversa 

72  Area  n.  facialis 

73  Area  cochleae 

74  Tractus  spiralis  foraminosus 


32 


33  Recessus  sphaericus 

34  Recessus  eliipticus 

35  Crista  vestibuli 
,36  Pyramis  vestibuli 

37  Recessus  cochlearis 

38  Maculae  cribrosae 

39  Macula  cribrosa  sup- 

erior 

40  Macula  cribrosa  media 

41  Macula  cribrosa  inferior 
42  Canales  semicirculares  ossei 


Vestibulum 

75  Area  vestibularis  superior 

76  Area  vestibularis  inferior 

77  Foramen  singulare 

78  CAVUM  TYMPANI 

79 

Paries  t  e  g  m  evn  t  a  1  i 

Sense  Organs  and  Common  Integument 


77 


I     Recessus   epitympanicus 
2   Pars  cupularis 
3     Paries      jugularis 

4     Prominentia  styloidea 
5     Paries      labyrinthica 

6  Fenestra  vestibuli 

7  Fossula  fenestrae  vestibuli 

8  Promontorium 

9  Sulcus  promontorii 
ID  Subiculum  promontorii 
IL  Sinus  tympani 

12  Fenestra  cochleae 

13  Fossula  fenestrae  cochleae 

14  Crista  fenestrae  cochleae 

15  Processus  cochlear if ormis 
16    Paries     mastoidea 

17  Antrum  tympanicum 

18  Prominentia  canalis  semicircular 

lateralis 

19  Prominentia  canalis  facialis 

20  Eminent ia  pyramidalis 

21  Fossa  incudis 

22  Sinus  posterior     -^ 

23  Apertura  •  tympanica.   canaliculi 

chordae 

24  Cellulae  mastoideae 

25  Cellulae  tympanicae 

26  Paries     carotica 
2T    P  a  r   i  e   slm  embranacea 


28     Ivlembrana  tympani 

29  Pars  flaccida*"" 

30  P  ars  tensa 

31  Limbus  membranae  tympani 

32  Plica  malleolaris  anterior 

33  Plica  malleolaris  posterior 

34  Prominentia  malleolaris 

35  Stria  malleolaris 

36  Umbo  membranae  tympani 

37  Stratum  cutaneum 

38  Annulus  f ibrocartilagineus 


39  Stratum  radiatum 
10  Stratum  circulare 
41  Stratum  mucosum 

42  OSSICULA  AUDITUS 

43  Stapes 

44  Capitulum  stapedis 

45  Crvss  anterius 

46  Crus  posterius 

47  Basis  stapedis 
43      Incus 

49  Corpus   incudis 

50  Crus  longum 
51     P  rocessus  lenticu- 

laris 

52  Crus  breve 

53  Malleus 

54  Manubrium  mallei 
is   55     Capitulum  Mallei 

56  Collum  mallei 

57  Processus   lateralis 

58  Processus  anterior 
[Volii] 

59  Articulationes   ossiculorum 
~~1mdTtus™ 

60  ArticulatTo   incudomalleo- 
laris 

61  Articulatio  incu  dostaped- 
ia 

62  Syndesmosis  tympanostaped- 
ia 

63     Ligg,   ossiculorum 
~  audixus 

64  Lig.  mallei  a"riterius 

65  Lig.  mallei  superius 

66  Lig.  mallei  laterale 

67  Lig.  incudis  superius 

68  Lig.  incudis  posterius 

69  Membrana  obturatoria 
(stapedis) 

70  Lig.  annulare  baseos 
stap"edis 

71  *V.  fixator  baseos  stap- 
edisj 
72  Musculi  ossiculorum 

"auoious" 

73  M.  tensor  tympani 

74  H.  stapedius 


Sense  Organs  and  Common  Integument 


78 


1   Tunica  mucosa  tympanies 

2  (Gl.  tympanicaef 

3  Plica  malleolaris  posterior 

4  Plica  malleolaris  anterior 

5  Recessus  membranae  tympani  anterior 

6  Recessus  tympani  membranae  superior 

7  Recessus  membranae  tympani  posterior 

8  Plica  incudis 
S  Plica  stapedis 

10  Membrana  tympani  secundaria 

11  TUBA  AUDIT IVA j  EUSTACKIl} 

12  Ostium  tympanicum  tubae  auditivae 

13  Pars  os sea  tubae  auditivae 

14  Isthmus  tubae  auditivae 

15  Cellulae  pneumaticae  tubariae 
16  Pars  cart i lag inae  tubae  auditivae 

17  Cartilago  tubae  auditivae 
18  Lamina  [cartilaginisj 
medialis 
19  Lamina  f  cartilaginisj  lateralis 

20  Lamina  membranae ea 

21  Tunica  mucosa 

22  Gl.  mucosae 

23  Woduli  lymphatic i  tubarii 

24  Ostium  pharyngeum  tubae  auditivae 

25  NEATUS  ACUSTICUS  EXTERNUS 

26  Porus  acusticus  externus 

27  Incisura  tympanica  ^RiviniJ 

28  Meatus  acusticus  externus  cartilagi- 

neus 

29  Cartilago  meatus  acustici 

30  Incisurae  cartilaginis  meatus _ 

acustici  externi  £jSantori?".i_J 

31  Lamina  tragi 


■33 
34 
35 

36 
37 

58 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 
55 
56 
57 
58 
59 
60 
61 
62 
63 


67 
68 
69 
70 

71 
72 
73 
74 


32  AURICULAE 
Lobulus  auriculae 
Cartilago  auriculae 
Helix 

Crus  helicis 
Spina  helicis 
Cauda  helicis 

Anthelix  .—       -. 

Fossa  triangularis  {auriculae  I 
Crura  anthelicis 
Scapha 

Concha  auriculae 
Cymba  conchae 
Cavum  conchae 
Ant  i  tragus 

Tragus  _ 

Incisura  anterior  (_aurisj 
Incisura  intertragica 
(Tubsrculum  auriculae  /"Darwin  ij) 
(Apex  auriculae  Darwini  ) 
Sulcus  auriculae  posterior 
(Tuberculum  supratragicum) 
Isthmus  cartilaginis  auris 
Incisura  terminalis  auris 
Fissura  antitragohelicina 
Sulcus  anthelicis  transversus 
Sulcus  cruris  helicis 
Fossa  anthelicis 
Eminent ia  conchae 
Eminent ia  scaphae 
Eminentia  fossae  triangularis 
Ligg.  auricularia  jjTalsalvaej 

64  Lig.  auriculare  anterius 

65  Lig.  auriculare  super ius 

66  Lig-  auriculare  posterius 
i.[.  helicis  major 

M.  helicis  minor 

M,  tragicus 

(M»  pyramidalis  auriculae-. 

[jungij) 
M.  antitragicus 
i!.  transversus  auriculae 
M.  obliquus  auriculae  _ 

(M.  incisurae  helicis  (Santorinij  ) 


SENSE  ORGANS  AND  COMMON  INTEGUMENT 


79. 


1  ORGANON  OLFACTUS 

2  ORGANON  GUSTOS 
3   Calyculi  gustatorii 

4  Integumentum 
c  o  E  a  u  n  e 

5  CUTIS 

6  Sulci  cutis 

7  Cristae  cutis 

8  Retinacula  cutis 

9  Toruli  tactiles 

10  Foveola  coccygea 

11  Lig.  caudale 

12     Epidermis 

13  Stratum  come  urn  _  -j 

14  Stratum  germinativum  |_MalpighiiJ 

15  Coriiita 

16  Tunica  propria 

17  Corpus  papillare 

18  Papillae 

1 9  Tela  Sub cutanea 
20  Panhiculus  adiposus 


21  Corpuscula  nervorum  terminalia 

22  Corpuscula  bulboidea  , 

23  Corpuscula  lamellosa  [Vateri,    PaciniJ 


rkrausiij 
fVateri,   P: 

24  Corpuscula  tactus  <Jvleissneri/ 

25  Corpuscula  nervorum  genitalia 

2  6  Corpuscula  nervorum  articularia 

27  PILI 
28  Lanugo 
2  9  Capilli 

30  Supercilia 

31  Cilia 


32 

Barba 

33 

Tragi 

34 

Vibrissae 

35 

Hirci 

36 

Pubes 

37 

Folliculus  pili 

38  Fundus  folliculi  pili 

39  Collum  folliculi  pili 

40 

Papilla  pili 

41 

Scapus  pili 

42 

Radix  pili 

43 

Bulb us  pili 

44 

Mm.  arrectores  pilorum 

45 

Fluniina  pilorum 

46 

Vortices  pilorum 

47 

(Vortex  coccygeus) 

48  UNGUES 

49 

Matrix  unguis 

50  Cristae  matricis  unguis 

51  Sulcus  matricis  unguis 

52 

Vallum  unguis 

53 

Corpus  unguis 

54 

Radix  unguis 

55 

Lunula 

56 

Mar go  occultus 

57 

Margo  liber 

58 

Mar  go  lateralis 

59 

Stratum  corneum  unguis 

60 

Stratum  germinativum  unguis 

61  GLANDULAE  CUTIS 

62  Gl..  glomi formes 
63  Gl.  sudoriferae 

64  Corpus  gl.  sudoriferae 

65  Ductus  sudoriferus 

66  Forus  sudoriferus 

67  Sudor 

68  51.  ciliares  ^MolliJ 

69  Gl.  circumanales 


SEHS3S  ORGAN  AND  COLiMON  INTSGUI.5ENT 


80, 


1  Gl.  ceruminosae 
2  Cerumen 

3  Glandulae  sebaceae 

4  Sebum  cutaneum 

5  Mamma 

6  Papilla  mammas 

7  Corpus  mammae 

5  Lobi  mammae 

9  Lobuli  mammae 


10 

12 
13 
14 


17 

18 


Ductus  lactiferi 

11  Sinus  lactiferi 
Lac  femininum 
Colostrum 
Areola  mammae 

15  Gl.   sebaceae      .  _ 

16  Gl.  a.reolares  (licntgomerii  j 
Mamma     virilis 
(Mammae  access oriae  ^muliebres  et 

virilesj  ) 


REGIONS  OF  THE  HUMAN  BODY 


1  jreGIONES^  COBFORIgJTOjftNI 
Auctoribus     Merkel,     R\idinger,     T  o  Id  t, 

Z  Linea  mediana  anterior  6  Linea  mamillaris 

3  Linea  mediana  posterior  7  Linea  axillc.ris 

4  Linea  sternalis  8  Linea  scapularis 

5  Linea  parasternalis 


REGION  OF  THE  HULikN  BODY 


82, 


1  Regiones 

2  Regio  frontalis 

3  Regio   supraorbital is 

4  Regio  parietalis 

5  Regio   occipitalis 

6  Regio  temporalis 

7  Regio  auricularis 

8  Regio  mastoidea 

9  Regiones     fa 
.9  Regio  nasalis 


capitis  21     Regio  parotideomasseterica 

22     Fossa  retromandibularis 

23  Regiones     colli 

24  Regio  colli  anterioS 

25  Regio  submental is 

26  Regio  hyoidea 

27  Regio  subhyoidea 

28  Regio  laryngea 
e  i                             29     Regio  thyreoidea 

30     Regio  suprasternalis 


11  Regio  oralis 

12  Regio  labialis  superior 

13  Regio  labialis  inferior 

14  Regio  mentalis 

15  Regio  orbitalis 

16  Regio  palpebralis  superior 

17  Regio  palpebralis  inferior 

18  Regio  infraorbitalis 

19  Regio  buccalis 

20  Regio  zygomatica 


31  Fossa  jugularis 

32  Regio  submaxillaris 

33  Fossa  carotica 

34  Regio  sternocleidomastoidea 

35  Fossa  supraclavicularis  minor 
36  Regio  colli  lateralis 

37  Fossa  supraclavicularis  major 

38  Trigonum  omoclaviculare 
39  R.egio  colli  posterior 

40  Regio  nuchae 


REGIONS  OF  THE  HUMAN  BODY 


83. 


1     Fovea  nuchae 
Regiones     pectoris 
Regio  pectoris  anterior 

4  Regio  sternalis 

5  Regio  clavicularis 

6  Regio  infraelavieularis 

7  Trigonuo  deltoideopectorale 

8  Regio  mammalis 

9  Regio  inframaniHialis 
Regio  pectoris   lateralis 

11     Regio  axillaris 

12     Fossa  axillaris 


24  Regio  mediana  dorsi 

25  Regio  interscapiilaris 

26  Regio  scapularis 

27  Regio  supraseapularis 

28  Regio  infrascapularis 

29  Regio  lumbalis 

30  Regio  coxae 

31  Regio  sacralis 

32  Regio   glutaea 

33  Regio  perinealic 

34  Regio  analis 

35  Regio  uro genitalis 


13     Regio   costalis  lateralis  3  6 

Regiones     abdominis  37 
Regio  epigastrica 

Regio  hypochondriaca  38 

Regio  mesogastrica  39 

18  Regio  umbilicalis  40 

19  Regio  abdoniinalis   lateralis  41 
Regio  hypogastrica  42 

21  Regio  pubica  43 

22  Regio  inguinalis  44 
Regiones     dorsi 


Rsgio  pudendalis 
Regiones     exti 
tatis     super: 
Regio  acromialis 
Regio  deltoidea 
Regio  brachii  lateralis 
Regio  brachii  rnedialis 
Regio  brachii  anterior 
Regio  brachii  posterior 
Regio  cubiti  anterior 
45     Fossa  cubitalis 


m  l- 
r  i  s 


REGIONS  OF  THE  HUMAN  BODY 


84, 


1     Regio  cubiti  posterior 
2     Regio   olecrani 

3  Regio  cubiti  lateralis 

4  Regio  cubiti  medialis 

5  Regio  antibrachii  volaris 

6  Regio  antibrachii  dorsalis 

7  Regio  antibrachii  radialis 

8  Regio  antibrachii  ulnaris 

9  Regio  dorsalis  nanus 

10  Regio  volaris  nanus 

11  Regiones   digitales  TnianusJ 

12  Regiones  dorsales  digitorum 

13  Regiones  unguiculares 

14  Regiones   volares  digitorum 

15  Regions      of     the     in- 

ferior    extremity 

16  Regio   femoris  anterior 

17  Fossa  subinguinalis 
18  Regio  femoris  lateralis 

19  Regio  trochanterica 
20  Regio  femoris  posterior 


21  Regio  femoris  medialis 

22  Regio  genu  anterior 

23  Regio  pateliaris 
24  Regio  genu  posterior 

25  Fossa  poplitea 
36  Regio  cruris  anterior 
27  Regio  cruris  posterior 

28  Regio  suralis 

29  Regio  cruris  lateralis 

30  Regio  cruris  medialis 

31  Regio  malleolaris  lateralis 

32  Regio  malleolaris  medialis 

33  Regio  retromalleolaris  lateralis 

34  Regio  retromalleolaris  medialis 

35  Regio  calcanea 

36  Regio  dorsalis  pedis 

37  Regio  plantaris  pedis 

38  Regiones  digitales  pedis 

39  Regiones  dorsales  digitorum  pedis 

40  Regiones  unguiculares 

41  Regiones  piantares  digitorum  pedis 


COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARIES 

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expiration  of  a  definite  period  after  the  date  of  borrowing,  as 
provided  by  the  rules  of  the  Library  or  by  special  arrange- 
ment with  the  Librarian  in  charge. 

DATE  BORROWED 

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DATE  BORROWED 

DATE   DUE 

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